英语高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

1、学习好资料欢迎下载20XX年高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是英语课程标准和考试说明对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

2、一、题型特点与命题方式【设题类型】1、概括文章大意；2、选出最佳题目（标题）；3、概括人物特点。【设问形式】1、标题类常见的标题型题干：1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_.2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled_.3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?2、大意类常见的主题型题干：1)Thispassagechieflydealswith_.2)Whatsthetopi

3、cofthearticle?3)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4)Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?【命题趋势】考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。常见题型为最佳标题（title）或中心思想（mainidea）等。主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。高考中阅读理解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解

4、全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正学习好资料欢迎下载确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。二、解题思路与应试技巧做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局

5、部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。下面结合高考试题，谈谈标题类和大意类主旨大意题的解题技巧。1、标题类标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确

6、性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。【考例】(2009全国卷I，A篇)59.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMothersLoveB.ABraveActC.ADeadlyRiverD.AMatterofLifeandDeath【解析】A。整篇文章叙述的是小牛掉到河里，母牛采取一切措施来进行保护小牛，体现了浓浓的母爱。文章最后一段点题：WhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonext,Iheardthesoundofamotherslove.(2009天津卷，D篇)55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepas

7、sage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationshipsB.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluationC.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabitsD.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions【解析】D。本文第一段中“Thephysicalsensation（感觉）ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmth,whileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisionsthosearethepracticallessonbein

8、gdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.”就已点明本文的主题思想：身体对温度的感觉与情绪有关。学习好资料欢迎下载(2009湖北卷，C篇)62.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TimexorRolex?B.MyChildhoodTimexC.Watches?NotforMe!D.WatchesaValuableCollection【解析】C。文章通篇讲述在现代许多移动设备都能报时的前提下，还花费很多钱购买名表究竟是否合适，因此选择C“手表？我不要！”为标题较为形象生动，也很贴切。A“天美时

9、还是劳力士”，B“我的孩童时代的天美时”，D“手表昂贵的选择”都不符合文章主题。2、大意类解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。通常情况下主题句在文中的位置:说明文议论文记叙文在开头在结尾在中间中心贯穿全文(较常见)(较少见)(较常见)概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but,yet,however,although,inspiteof

10、,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。【考例】(2009北京卷，D篇)71.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.【解析】A。文章第一段引

11、出话题：Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（优先）.Thisviewis学习好资料欢迎下载shortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbenefic

12、ialandimportantforallstudents.表明人们对音乐不重视，然后作者从不同方面来论证自己的观点：音乐应该得到人们更多的关注。(2009湖北卷，E篇)70.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Ourlifeisgovernedbythelawoftime.B.Howtoorganizetimeisnotworthdebating.C.Newwaysofusingtimechangeoursociety.D.Ourtimescheduleisdecidedbysocialcustoms.【解析】A。文章通过论述现代社会人们对工作与休息时间的界限比较

13、模糊，旨在说明我们的生活受到时间法则的约束，法律约束着我们对学习、工作与休息时间的安排，因此选择A“我们的生活由时间规律掌控”符合文章主题。B“怎样安排时间不值得讨论”，C“利用时间的新方法改变了我们社会”，D“我们的时间日程由社会习惯决定”都不合文章主题或表达不正确。(2009山东卷，D篇)75.Whatsthemainideaofthetext?A.Universitieshavereceivedmoreapplications.B.EconomicsisattractinganincreasingnumberofstudentsC.Collegestudentsbenefitalotfr

14、omeconomicuncertaintyD.Parentsareconcernedwithchildrenssubjectselection.【解析】B。通读全文可知，由于全球金融危机的蔓延，不仅选择经济学专业的学生数量增加了，还有很多非经济学专业的学生也参加经济学方面的讲座，并且有多达三分之二的父母也要求学校教授学生经济学方面的知识。因此，整篇文章主要讲的是经济学对学生的吸引力。(2009四川卷，E篇)60.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthetext?A.TechnologyB.SustainabilityC.EthanolenergyD.Environ

15、mentalprotection【解析】B。文章从玉米制造乙醇的行为入手，说这样的“可持续发展”会引起其他方面的问题，是不实际的。因此文章的话题是Sustainability“可持续性发展”。巩固练习：（1）Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresincertainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyinaneworanxioussituation

16、.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.Forexample,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselfor学习好资料欢迎下载whatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyis

17、ntsurehowitwillallworkout,butatleasthetries.And,ifhecantmakethingsworkoutright,hedoesntfeelashamedthathefails;hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentperson,evenifheisveryyoung,hasaspecialoutlook(人生观)onlife,specialfeelingaboutlife,andknowshowhefitsintoit.Ifyoulookatchildren,youllseegreatdiffe

18、rencebetweenwhatwecall“bright”childrenand“notbright”children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountsofintelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutmoreaboutlifehetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.Buttheunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfan

19、dhisowndreamworld;heseemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.1.Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceistheability.A.tobehaveimmediatelyB.todowellinschoolC.todealwithlifeD.toknowwhattodo2.Inanewsituation,anintelligentperson.A.knowsmoreaboutwhatmighthappentohimB.issureoftheresulthewillgetC.concentrates

20、onthesituationD.caresmoreabouthimself3.Accordingtothepassagethebiggestdifferencebetween“bright”childrenand“notbright”childrenliesin.A.theamountofintelligenceB.thedifferentsituationstheyfaceC.thedifferentattitudestolifeD.thebackgroundoflife4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Whatsrealmeaningofintelligen

21、ce?B.Whatsthe“bright”childrensbehavior?C.Whatsaspecialoutlookonlife?D.Howtoliveandbehaveinanewsituation?5.Inthenextpartofthepassage,theauthormightcontinuetotalkabout.A.howtodeterminewhatintelligenceis学习好资料欢迎下载B.howeducationshouldbechangedC.howtojudgewhetherapersonisintelligentD.howanunintelligentper

22、sonshouldbetaught(2)Achemicalimportantofbraindevelopmentmayplayaroleinexplainingwhysomepeoplearegenetically(由基因决定地)likelytosufferfromanxietyandcouldleadtonewtreatments,U.S.researcherssaid.Theysaidhighlyanxiousratswhichwerekepthadverylowlevelsofabrainchemicalcalledfibroblastgrowthfactor2orFGF2,compar

23、edwithratsthatweremorerelaxed.Butwhentheyimprovedtheanxiousratslivingconditionsgivingthemnewtoystoexploreandabiggercagetoliveinlevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedandtheybecamelessanxious.“Thelevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedinresponsetotheexperiencesthattheratswereexposedto.Italsodecreasedtheiranxie

24、ty”.JavierPerezoftheUniversityofMichigansaidinatelephoneinterview.“Itmadethembehavethesamewayastheratsthatwererelaxed”,hesaid.Inaformerstudyofpeoplewhowereseverelydepressedbeforetheydied,theteamfoundthegenethatmakesFGF2wasproducingverylowlevelsofthegrowthfactor,whichisknownprimarilyfororganizingtheb

25、rainduringdevelopmentandrepairingitafterinjury.Perezthinksthebrainchemicalmaybeamarkerforgeneticvulnerability(脆弱性)toanxietyanddepression.Butitcanalsorespondtochangesintheenvironmentinapositiveway,possiblybypreservingnewbraincells.Whileboththecalmandanxiousratsproducedthesamenumberofnewbraincells,the

26、secellswerelesslikelytosurviveinthehigh-anxietyrats,theteamfound.GivingtheratsbetterlivingconditionsorinjectingthemwithFGF2helpedimprovecellsurvival.“Thisdiscoverymaypavethewayfornew,morespecifictreatmentsforanxietythatwillnotbebasedonsedation(药物镇静),butwillinsteadfighttherealcauseofthedisease,”Dr.Pi

27、erVincenzoPiazzafromFrancesaidinastatement.6.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththelevelsofFGF2decreasing,theratswill.A.dieofanxietysoonB.sufferfromaheadacheC.becomemorerelaxedD.becomemoreanxious7.WhatsthebetterwaytoincreasethelevelsofFGF2?A.Introducingmorecompanionstotheanxiousrats.学习好资料欢迎下载B.Improvingthe

28、livingconditionsoftheanxiousrats.C.Injectingtheanxiousratswithsomespecialmedicine.D.Givingtheanxiousratsmoretimetorelax.8.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4refersto.A.theteamB.thegeneC.thegrowthfactorD.thebrain9.Whatsthemaininfluenceofthenewdiscovery?A.Doctorswontuseanymedicinetocureanxiety.B.Doctors

29、maytreatanxietymoreefficiently.C.Doctorswillfindtherealcauseofanxiety.D.Doctorsmayfindnewmedicineforanxiety.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnxiousratsandrelaxedratsB.AnxietyaseriousmentaldiseaseC.ScientificresearchintothebrainisimportantD.Brainchemicalmayplaykeyrole

30、inanxiety(3)TheEarthsaxis(轴)isanimaginarylinethatrunsthroughthemiddleoftheEarthfromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theaxisoftheearthistilted(倾斜)about23.5degrees.Thistiltoftheearthresultsinourseasons.InJune,theNorthernHemisphere(半球)istiltedtowardthesun,sothepeopleintheNorthernHemispherehavelongerandwarmer

31、days.ThedaysareshorterandcolderintheSouthernHemisphereinJune,becausetheEarthistiltedawayfromthesun.ThedaysstartgettingshorterintheNorthernHemisphereandlongerintheSouthernHemisphereafteraboutJune21.ThisisthefirstdayofsummerintheNorthernHemisphereandthefirstdayofwinterinthesouthernhemisphere.Daytimela

32、stsexactlyaslongasnighttimeonthefirstdayofautumn(aboutSeptember21)andthefirstdayofspring(aboutMarch21).ThefirstdayofwinterintheNorthernHemisphere,usuallyDecember21,istheshortestdayoftheyearintheNorthernHemisphereandthelongestdayoftheyearintheSouthernHemisphere.Thedaysarelongerinsummerandshorterinwin

33、terthefurtheryoumovefromtheequator.ItsgenerallydarkonasummernightinFloridaby8:30p.m.,butinVermont,therewillstillbesomelightat10:00p.m.Thesituationisreversed(相反的)inwinter,wherethesunwillgodowninVermontby3:45p.m.whilethereremainslightinFloridauntil5:15p.m.学习好资料欢迎下载NorthernAlaskaiscalledthe“LandoftheMi

34、dnightSun”becauseitnevergetsdarkduringthesummermonths.ThatpartoftheEarthisfacingthesunalldayandallnight.Antarcticaneverseesdaylightduringthosemonths.ThesituationisreversedinDecemberandJanuarywhennorthernAlaskaneverseesthesunwhileitcontinuestolighttheskyatnightinAntarctica.11.Whichofthefollowingstate

35、mentsisNOTtrue?A.TheEarthsaxisdoesnotexistinreality.B.TheEarthsaxisistiltedabout23.5degrees.C.Theearthsaxisiseastwest.D.ThetiltoftheEarthcausesseasonstotakeplace.12.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,wecanknowthat.A.theSouthernHemisphereistiltedawayfromthesuninJuneB.June21isthelongestdayofayearintheSouth

36、ernHemisphereC.December21isthecoldestdayofayearintheNorthernHemisphereD.thereisonlyonedayinayearwhendaytimelastsexactlyaslongasnighttime13.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat.A.intheNorthernHemisphere,themorenorthern,thelongerdaytimeinsummerB.intheSouthernHemisphere,themorenorthern,theshorterdaytim

37、einwinterC.FloridaisfurthertotheequatorthanVermontD.InChina,ChangchunsdaytimeinwinterislongerthanthatofGuangzhou14.NorthernAlaskagetsthename“LandoftheMidnightSun”because_.A.itisalwaysdaytimeduringthesummermonthsB.itislocatedinthecenteroftheEarthC.itislocatedontheequatoroftheEarthD.onlyatmidnightcanp

38、eoplethereseethesun15.IfwewanttomakescienceresearchinAntarctica,wemaychoosethefollowingmonthsEXCEPT_.A.DecemberB.JanuaryC.FebruaryD.June16.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.SeasonandspaceB.ThechangeofdaytimeC.LandoftheMidnightSunD.NorthernandSouthernHemisphere答案与解析：(1)学习好资料欢迎下载1.C。细节理解题。A项

39、中的immediately与原文的意思有出入；根据文章第一段第一句Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresincertainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.可知，聪明并非意味着在某些考试中得高分或者在学校学习好，由此排除B项；由第一段最后一句可知D项不正确；由文章第一段第二句Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyinaneworanxioussituation.可知C项正确：聪明指的是处理生活中实际事物的能力。2.C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句Forexample,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.可知C项正确，且可以排除A、D两项；根t据文章第二段第三句Heprobablyisnsurehowitwillallworkout,butatleasthetries.可排除B项。3.C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，聪明的孩子想真正了解生活，他努力接触