英语的修辞手法总结版省略反复倒装通感矛盾修辞

1、英语的修辞手法总结版省略 反复 倒装 通感 矛盾修辞 Ellipsis（省略）定义：省略指的是为了避免重复，把语言结构中的某个成分省去，它是表达简练、紧凑、清晰的一种修辞方法。省略的类型名词性省略动词性省略分句性省略名词性省略（Noun Ellipsis）e.g. 甲: “去哪了？” 乙: “天太热,洗澡去了。”e.g. “I received no message.” “I didnt send any.”动词性省略(Verbal Ellipsis)甲: 明天你能去看电影吗？乙:能。Have you ever heard of this ?No, I havent.What have you

2、 been doing?Swimming.分句性省略分句性省略是指把整个小句或小句的一部分省略掉的现象。在问答语篇中,这种小句省略的现象很常见。英汉篇章中都经常出现小句省略现象。在这个层面上,两者的差异性不大。-Did you say the stars were the worlds, Tess? -Yes.(I said the stars were the worlds.)积极省略消极省略积极省略连词省略/ 散珠（Asyndeton）假省笔法（Paral Ellipsis）跳脱 （Aposiopesis） 急收、遮断、突接连词省略/ 散珠（Asyndeton）I came, I saw,

3、 I conquered. -Plutarch假省笔法（Paral Ellipsis）Frank:” Then you can have no idea what a girl she is. Such character! Such sense and her cleverness! Oh, my eye, Praed, but I can tell you she is clever! And-need I add?-she loves me.”跳脱 （Aposiopesis）急收 说到半路突然中断，不肯说尽，使人得其意于言语之外。 例：己知道是出场人物，被女人当大众这样辱骂，很不雅观，便

4、只得抬起头，慢慢地说道： “你今天说现成话，那时你” （鲁迅风波） 遮断 一个人的话说到中途被另一个人的话遮拦打断。 例：那和尚便道：“师兄请坐，听小僧”智深睁着眼道，“你说，你说！”“说：先敝寺十分好个去处 田庄又广僧众极多” （施耐庵水浒传）突接 折断语路突接前话，或者突接当时的心事，因此把话折成了上气不接下气 。 例：幸而我的母亲也就进来，从旁说：“他多年出门，统忘却了。你该记得罢，”便向我说，“这是斜对门的杨二嫂，开豆腐店的。”（鲁迅故乡）消极省略E.g. Women are the opposite of clocks: clocks serve to remand us of th

5、e hours; women to make us forget them. (Fontenell)省略的翻译策略由于英语重形合, 汉语重意合, 在英汉互译时, 汉语主要通过原词重复或其他词汇手段来表达意义。英语多省略谓语, 汉语多省略主语。在英汉互译时，英注重将缺失的部分补充完整。Repetition（重复）定义：在一个句子或段落中不止一次地出现同一种发音、同一个词语、同样的结构甚至相同的句子的一种修辞方法叫做重复。作用：突出重点加深印象抒发感情承上启下等效果分类：语音重复(Phonetic Repetition) 头韵(Alliteration) 半谐音(Assonance) 和声(Con

6、sonance) 押韵(Rhyme) 词汇重复(Lexical Repetition) 首语重复(Anahpora) 尾词重复(Epistrophe) 首尾重复(Epanalepsis) 蝉联(Anadiplosis) 同词根重复(Polypton) 头韵(Alliteration)“Speechissilver，silenceisgold”Neither fish nor flesh 不伦不类In for a penny, in for a pound 半谐音(Assonance)Its a fair and square affair from the beginning to then

7、end. (这件事自始至终都是光明正大的。)All roads lead to Rome.A little pot is soon hot. (壶小易热，量小易怒)和声(Consonance)Love is romantic, but life is realistic.Learning a foreign language need intelligence, confidence, diligence and perseverance.押韵(Rhyme)IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhighoervalesandhills,Whenallatonce

8、Isawacrowd, Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetree,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze. 首语重复(Anahpora) Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow and green valley below!Farewell to the straths!Farewell to the forests and high-hanging woods!Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring fl

9、oods!尾词重复(Epistrophe)Bloodhathboughtblood，andblowshaveansweredblows：Strengthmatchedwithstrength，Andpowerconfrontedpower蝉联(Anadiplosis)Laborandcarearerewardedwithsuccess，successproducesconfidence, confidencerelaxesindustry, andnegligenceruinsthereputationwhichdiligencehadraised同词根重复(Polypton)Theoppre

10、ssedareoppressedbecauseoppressionistotheoppressorsinterests, andbecausetheoppressedlack.重复修辞手法的翻译策略1）省略E.g. 上头说把沟堵死。好吗，沟一堵死，下点雨，咱们这儿还不成了海？（老舍龙须沟）The authorities said the Ditch would be filled in. Well then, the place would have turned into a lake on rainy days, wouldnt it?2）代替A. 用代词或别的名词代替重复使用的名词或名词

11、词组E.g. 我们民族将再也不是被人欺侮的民族了，我们已经站起来了。Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have stood up.“妈，别听王奶奶的！王奶奶是个老顽固！” “Ma, dont listen to Granny Wang; shes an old diehard!”B. 用do, do so 或so do来代替重复出现的主要动词或整个谓语成分。E.g. 你答应了帮助他就应当去帮助他。You should help him since you have promised to

12、do so.我们开了一次会，劝大家到群众里面去。后来许多人去了，得到了很好的效果。We held a forum and advised them to go among the masses. Later on, many did, and the results were very good.Inversion倒装按语法分完全倒装 Full Inversion （谓语+主语）部分倒装 Partial Inversion （助动词/情态动词+主语+动词）1.完全倒装当here,there,out,in,up,down等副词在句首 * Theregoesthebell!方位状语在句首 * Fr

13、omthevalleycameacryforhelp.直接引语在句首(可倒装也可不倒装) * “Whatdoesitmean?”askedtheboy. 2.部分倒装only +状语或状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装 * Only in this way, can I explain it to you.so / such.that结构中的so或such位于句首,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分 *So interesting is the lecture that the audience starts sleeping.hardly, in no way, little, sca

14、rcely, seldom, never, not only, no sooner, not only (but also),not until 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首。 *No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.若if引导的虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可将if省去后，把were,had,should放主语之前引起倒装 *WereIfree,Iwouldtravel around China. *Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldntgoto school. 按修辞作用分强调作用 a.谓语倒

15、装 b.表语倒装 c.宾语倒装 d.状语倒装平衡作用衔接作用谓语倒装 *“Come along, then.” said the bird. *.but toward the end there came the terrible storm.表语倒装 *Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.注：主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装 *A very reliable person he is.宾语倒装 *Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here. *Not a si

16、ngle mistake did he make.状语倒装 *Up flew the beautiful butterfly. *In came a man with no hair at all.平衡作用 *Gone forever are the days when there was no life in the universe.衔接作用 *They entered the classroom, in front of which sat a naughty boy.Synaesthesia通感What is synaethesia?通感修辞格又叫“移觉”，就是在描述客观事物时，用形象

17、的语言使感觉转移，将人的听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等不同感觉互相沟通、交错，彼此挪移转换，将本来表示甲感觉的词语移用来表示乙感觉，使意象更为活泼、新奇的一种修辞格。望梅止渴微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。 朱自清荷塘月色我将深味这非人间的浓黑的悲凉。 鲁迅纪念刘和珍君 Sweet Thames! Run softly, till I end my song. 甜蜜的泰晤士河！温柔地流淌着，直到我停止歌唱。“Listen! Where is the sharp cry?” ”听呐！哪儿传来的这么尖锐的哭声？“Restaurants are usually decorated

18、 with warm colors. 饭店通常都是暖色调的。遵从一般翻译原则尽可能准确地传达原文信息和保留原文美感尽可能多地保留原文的陌生化特征，将原作者通感中的审美价值传递出来，使译文读者能够 透过译文看原文，去体验源语通感美的存在。通感的翻译矛盾修辞法（oxymoron） “oxymoron”一词源于希腊语“a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic effect.”朗文现代英语词典（Longman Modern English Dict

19、ionary）“term in rhetoric for the deliberate coupling of words that are strictly contradictory.” 牛津语言学词典（Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics）赠日本女郎最是那一低头的温柔，像一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞，道一声珍重，道一声珍重，那一声珍重里有甜蜜的忧愁沙扬娜拉！(徐志摩)His honour rooted in dishonour stoodAnd faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.他那来源于不名誉的名誉依然

20、如故，而那并不诚实的诚实保持虚伪的忠诚。(Alfred Tennyson)“Youve already got one,” Baochai chuckled, “Much Ado about Nothing is just the name for you.”宝钗笑道：“你的绰号早有了，无事忙三个字恰当得很。”They（The Police）were ill-tempered about what was, to them, much ado about nothing.对这件事在他们（警察）看来完全是小题大做的事，他们火气不小。矛盾修辞法的构成 Adjective + noun（形容词+名词

21、） Adjective + adjective（形容词+形容词） Noun + noun（名词+名词） Adverb + adjective（副词+形容词） Adjective + noun（形容词+名词）：这是矛盾修辞法中最重要的结构，描述修饰语与被修饰语之间既相互排斥又统一的本质特征。例如：That old man who got drunk all day lived a life of busy idleness. I despise its very vastness and power. It（New York）has the poorest millionaires, the l

22、ittlest great men, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw. 这里有我在别的城市里从未见过的最穷的富翁、最渺小的伟人、最高傲的乞丐、最平凡的美丽、最低矮的高楼、最令人悲哀的快乐。 “Why,then,O brawling love!O loving hate! O anything,of nothing first create! O heavy lightness!serious

23、 vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead,bright smoke,cold fire,sick health! This love feel I,that feel no love in this.”（W.Shakespeare,Romeo and Juliet）O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face!Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical!Dove feath

24、erd raven! Wolfish-ravening lamb!Despised substance of divi1nest show!Just opposite to what thou justly seemstA damned saint, an honourable villain!Here is much to do with hate, but more with love:Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!O anything, of nothing first create!O heavy lightness? seriou

25、s vanity!Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!This love feel I, that feel no love in this.哦，蛇一般的心肠，你怎么偏有花一般的面貌！可怕的毒龙偏偏守着这么一个可爱的仙洞？美丽的暴君，是天使也是魔鬼！乌鸦披着鸽子的羽毛！看着是羊，心里是豺狼！最神圣的皮表藏着可鄙的内容！你装得象，心理却是两样！是个横行的圣人，堂皇

26、的恶棍！此地多的是恨，而更多的是爱。哦，爱里爆发出战争的火焰，恨里又有柔软的温存，又是重，又是轻，庄严里却听见轻浮的笑声，从一片空虚忽然出来一片天地，乌烟瘴气的，仔细看又有些光明。羽毛忽然象铅铁那样重，黑烟发亮，火焰如冰，健康就是病。明明是睡又在醒，说它是什么，它就不是什么。我就感到这样的爱情，我又不爱这样的爱情。（曹禺译） Adjective + adjective（形容词+形容词）：呈平行关系的矛盾修饰结构用两种无法调和或意义相反的特征来描述一件事情，以产生某种强烈的语言效果。例如：The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and painful joy of childbirth. bitter-sweet memories 有苦有甜的回忆 a miserable-merry Christmas 又悲又喜的圣诞节 Noun + noun（名词+名词）：这种情况下,两个名词之间的主次关系不是十分明显，往往用来形容二者之间的难以取舍，或进退两难的境地，或者是复杂难辨的感情。例如：The couple had a love-hate experience,now it vanished. Adverb + adjective（副词+形容词）：这类结构中的副词用以修饰与其