工程项目管理英文课件

1、Basic ConceptsJiwei MaProject ManagementBasic ConceptsConcept of projectProject as a systemWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)Project ManagementWhat Is A Project?Organize 2008 Olympic gameDevelop a software productWrite software programHire an accountantInterview applicants for the accountant positionPur

2、chase a housePurchase gasoline for your carOrganize a conferenceSet up a weekly meetingConcept of ProjectMain features of a projectOne-time, non-repetitiveOne of the kindConstrained by resources and environmental conditionsCertain lifecycleConcept of ProjectProject is a one-time effort with clear ob

3、jectives for the accomplishment of certain specific product or serviceOne-timeDefinite and clear starting/ending pointEffortNumber of personnel and various resources involvedObjectiveRequirement of certain quality standard with limited time and moneySpecificDifferent from all previous product or ser

4、viceConcept of ProjectProject objectivesQualityThe desired function or required standardCostThe monetary resource needed to accomplish the projectTimeThe specified length of the project courseProject TriangleScopeCostQualityTimeRelations among Project ObjectivesReduce time - Improve cost-effectivene

5、ssReduce time - Increase costHigher quality Less timeLess time More quality defectsImproved quality Reduce maintenance costIncrease investment Improve QualityCostTimeQualityObjective TriangleConcept of ProjectProject components the essential elements of a project which serve the main purpose or carr

6、y out the major designed functions of the projectSubprojectsFunctional subsystemsSingle objectsA hierarchical structure - Project structure - can be used as a tool to illustrate project componentsProject Components Project StructureProjectSubproject 1Subproject 2Subproject 3Subproject Subsystem 22Su

7、bsystem 21Subsystem Object 221Object 222Object 223Object Concept of ProjectProject Process the major periods needed to go through to accomplish the projectDecision makingDesign/PlanningExecutionOperationCloseoutA network diagram or bar chart will be used to illustrate activities as well as their int

8、er-relationship and inter-dependencyConstruction Project PhasingImplementationDecision MakingDesign PreparationDesignConstructionOperationCloseoutDecision MakingProject ProposalFeasibility StudyDesign SpecificationPreliminary DesignDesign DevelopmentConstruction DocumentConstructionAcceptanceTIMESta

9、rt upNetwork DiagramConcept of ProjectFunctional works the major functions needed to be performed to jointly or consecutively accomplish the project,Fund raisingAdministration/managementPlanningProcurementControllingCoordination/collaborationCommunication and information managementInspection and acc

10、eptanceOperationProject closeoutConcept of ProjectProject Participants the personnel or the parties who perform various functional works,InvestorDeveloperPlannerPurchasing personnelControllerInspectorOperation personnelA chart called project organization structure is often used to illustrate project

11、 participants and their inter-relationship within a project systemProject OwnerInvestorsGovernment BodyFacility ServicesNeighborsConsultantsDesignersContractorsSuppliers/VendorsConstruction Project ParticipantsPresidentRepresent.AssistantProject ControllingControllingConsultingSecretary OfficeAdmin.

12、Info.Design Manage.Construct. Manag.Architectural & building equipmentProductionBedding & contract administrationSite managementCost ControlDesignerContractorOwnerImplementAG1G11G12BB1B2CDFD1D2F1F2CommitteeMaterial PurchasingProduction equipment procure, contract administrationProduction equip. vend

13、orConstruction mat. supplierEE1Construction mat. Equipment procurement, contract administrationE2AdministrationSubmit for approvalScheduling and controlAccountingSupervisionC1C2C3C4A1A2Project As a SystemSystem definitionAny group of entities which are functionally interdependent can be called a sys

14、temAny group of entities which are interrelated so as to perform some function, or reach some goal, can be seen to be acting as a systemFocus of system theorySub-systemInterrelated in the pursuit of goals or objectivesPrimary task of the systemThe things the organization must to do to surviveProject

15、 As a SystemImportant ConceptsLarge system comprise smaller sub-systems which share the goals or primary task of larger systemSub-systems are independently work together towards the common goalSub-systems form a hierarchy of systemsSystem interacts with its environment, and affected by environmental

16、 constraints or influencesThe environment is not part of the system it does not share the goals of the systemProject As a SystemImportant ConceptsThe system receives inputs from and exports outputs to the environment through sort of internal conversion processA permeable boundary exists between the

17、system and its environment“Boundary Management” is a key system conceptPart of the outputs is fed back to become an input and thus to establish a cycle of events which enable the system to monitor it own behaviorConstruction System ModelConstruction Production ManagementManagement SystemInformation

18、SystemStrategic SystemOrganizational SystemSocial SystemEnvironmental SystemManpower ManagementMaterials ManagementPlant ManagementFinancial ManagementProject As A SystemObjectivesAltogether form the essential part of a project systemAny two or three of them will jointly describe certain aspect of a

19、 projectComponentsProcessFunctionsParticipantsProject As A SystemObjectives + ComponentsDescribe the project objective system, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of every single object in the projectProject objective can be break down based on the structure of project componentProje

20、ct As A SystemObjectives + ProcessDescribe the project objective milestones, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of every major phaseProject objective can be strictly controlled according to those periodical objectivesProject As A SystemObjectives + ParticipantsDescribe the objective

21、s of all participants from their own standing pointObjectives are planned, monitored and controlled according to participants own interestProject As A SystemComponents + ParticipantsDescribe the assigned tasks of all participantsProject tasks can be divided, viewed, and evaluated accordinglyComponen

22、ts + ProcessProject As A SystemComponents + Functional worksDescribe all the tasks and activities need to be carried out to accomplish the projectCan be used as tool for work breakdownWork Breakdown StructureA complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activi

23、ties in a hierarchical structure, known as WBSIt defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks, facilitatingResource allocationAssignment of responsibilitiesMeasurement and control of the projectWork Breakdown StructureHigher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally perf

24、ormed by groupsThe lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individualsIt is the key toScope managementTeam assignmentAccurate trackingEffective controlWork Breakdown StructureWork breakdown structure can be done like this:The project manager lists everything should be d

25、one in the projectThen the stakeholders put up their “to do” list with requirementsThen the project will have unneeded tasks, and scope will continually expandThen the project will run over time, over budget, and even with dissatisfied qualityxWork Breakdown StructureWork breakdown structure can be

26、done like this:First break down into componentsThen break down into processThen The lowest level should not be too detailed,Result in micro-managementThe tasks should not be too largeResult in inefficient ManagementClear ObjectivesLimited resourcesHigh complexity+Panic !Project Management !What is M

27、anagement?ProblemPlanningDecisionExecutionCheck- Various alternative solutions- Evaluation of those alternatives- Selection of one solution- Implementation of the solution- Accomplished?- Any problem remained?New ProblemProject ManagementProject management is a carefully planned and organized effort

28、 by all participants through the whole course of a project to accomplish the project on time, within cost and to required quality standard through project planning and project controlling.PM = PP + PC PlanActualControlControlMission of Project ManagementTo control the changing process in a dynamic e

29、nvironmentTo pursue harmony in chaotic realityProject ManagementKey issues of project managementCost controlTime controlQuality controlCoordinationInformation managementContract administrationSafety managementProject Management TasksDecision MakingPlanningExecutionOperationCloseoutCost ControlTime ControlQuality ControlCoordinationInformation ManagementContract AdministrationSafety ManagementProject Management ToolsProject structureProject organizat