ecology英语词汇教程文件

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。ecology英语词汇-生态学词汇：窗体顶端agroecology农业生态学abundance丰度，丰富abioticcomponents非生物组分assimilate同化assimilation同化作用aquatic水生的，水域的，水栖的aquaticecosystem水生生态系统algae藻类，海藻ammonium氨agestructure年龄结构areaeffect面积效应atmosphericcycle气相型循环ammonification氨化作用acidrain酸雨aciddeposition

2、酸性沉降物asexualreproduction无性繁殖aquaculture水产养殖annualweeds一年生草本abandonedfield废弃农田alternativeenergysources替代能源窗体底端窗体顶端adaptation适应alternativefarming替代农作adaptativeradiation适应辐射aerobicrespiration有氧呼吸agroforestry农林业alienspecies外源种ancientforest原始森林altitude纬度anaerobicrespiration无氧呼吸arableland耕地autotroph自养生物ap

3、hid蚜虫boundary边界bioticcomponents生物组分bioticpopulation生物种群bioticcommunity生物群落biomass生物量（用重量或能量单位表示）biome生物群系，区域性生物群落类型borealforest北方针叶林beaver海狸窗体底端窗体顶端biosphere生物圈biologicalnitrogenfixation生物固氮biologicaloxygendemand(BOD)生物需氧量bioticpotential生物潜能（生殖潜能）biodiversity生物多样性biogeochemicalcycles生物地球化学循环biologic

4、almagnification生物放大作用biotrophicparasite活体寄生物biodegradable生物能降解的biologicalcontrol生物防治biennials两年生的bioticfactors生物因子birthcontrol生育控制broad-spectrumpesticides光谱杀虫剂behavioralecology行为生态学biocoenosis生物群落biotope（群落）生境cultivation栽培，驯养climatechange气候变化carbonhydrate碳水化合物窗体底端窗体顶端carboncycle碳循环Calciumcarbonate碳酸

5、钙coralreef珊瑚礁carryingcapacity环境容纳量clumpeddispersion成丛分布commensalism偏利作用competitiveexclusion竞争排斥coevolution协同进化camouflage伪装climaxcommunity顶极群落consumer消费者carnivores肉食动物canopy冠层coniferousforest针叶林convergentevolution趋同进化clear-cut采伐空地contourplowing等高耕作croprotation作物轮作cowbird燕八哥carbondioxideconcentration二

6、氧化碳浓度窗体底端窗体顶端cellulose纤维素closedsystem封闭系统coexistence共存courtship求偶（期）crudebirthrate粗出生率compost有机肥料，堆肥continentalecosystem陆地生态系统distribution分布decomposition分解，腐烂，降解discipline学科degradation退化desertification沙化,荒漠化deciduousforest落叶林decomposer分解者detritus有机残体density-independentcontrols非密度制约density-dependentc

7、ontrols密度制约distanceeffect距离效应detritivore食碎屑者detritalfoodchain腐生食物链窗体底端窗体顶端deforestation破坏植被；森林砍伐denitrification反硝化作用deepseafishery深海渔业dominantspecies优势种dilutioneffect稀释效应ecological生态学的，生态的ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统environment环境environmentalism环境论，环境保护论ecologist生态学家，生态学者earthworm蚯蚓ecologicalefficiency生态

8、效率entropy熵endothermicanimal温血动物,恒温动物ectothermicanimal冷血动物，变温动物ElNino厄尔尼诺现象estuary河口，江口ecosystemfunction生态系统功能euphoticzone透光层窗体底端窗体顶端ecologicalpyramid生态金字塔ecosystemvalue生态系统价值ecologicalniche生态位exponentialgrowth指数型增长energyflow能流environmentalreservoir环境库evaporation蒸发ecosystemmodeling生态系统模拟environmental

9、gradient环境梯度energetictrade-off能量平衡equilibrium平衡emergent挺水植物，突出树丛epiphyte附生植物extinction灭绝exoticspecies外来种endangeredspecies濒于灭绝的物种ecotone群落交错区ecotourism生态旅游externalcost外部成本ecologicalcrisis生态危机窗体底端窗体顶端fungi真菌firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律foodchain食物链foodweb食物网flux流（量）fossilfuels化石燃料fixedactionpattern固

10、定行为模式fundamentalniche基础生态位feedback反馈fern蕨类植物flagshipspecies旗舰种feedbackloop反馈环floating-leavedaquaticplant浮叶水生植物grossprimaryproductivity(GPP)总初级生产力grazingfoodchain草牧食物链geologicaluplifting地质抬升greenhouseeffect温室效应greenhousegases温室气体greenrevolution绿色革命guild共位群窗体底端窗体顶端grasshopper蝗虫geneticdrift遗传漂变globalwa

11、rming全球变暖geothermalpower地热能geographicisolation地理隔离greenmanure绿肥geneticdiversity遗传多样性hunter-gatherersociety狩猎-采集社会herbivore草食动物hydrologicalcycle水循环habitat生境humanintervention人类干扰humus腐殖质hummingbird蜂鸟habitatfragmentation生境片段化heterotroph异养生物herbcide除草剂hazardouswaste有害废物hydrosphere水圈homeostasis动态平衡窗体底端窗体

12、顶端interact相互作用irrigation灌溉individuallevel个体水平infraredspectrum红外光区industrialnitrogenfixation工业固氮infiltrationrate渗漏速度invertedecologicalpyramid倒生态金字塔impermeablelayer不透水层intraspecificcompetition种内竞争interspecificcompetition种间竞争intertidalzone潮间带instinctivebehavior先天性行为inshorefishery沿海渔业isotope同位素ice-cap冰盖

13、，冰帽intermediatedisturbancehypothesis中度干扰假说inorganicfertilizer无机肥料interplanting间作integratedpestmanagement综合害虫管理islandbiogeography岛屿生物地理学窗体底端窗体顶端edgeeffect边缘效应indicatorspecies指示生物infantmortalityrate幼体死亡率intercropping间作invasivespecies入侵物种infectiousdisease传染病keystonespecies关键种kineticenergy动能K-strategist

14、sK-对策者landscapeecology景观生态学Lindemannefficiency林德曼效率lynx猞猁，山猫lifetable生命表lifeexpectancy平均寿命limitingresource限制性资源limitingfactors限制因子logisticgrowth逻辑斯谛增长leafcuttingants切叶蚁leaching渗漏land-useplanning土地利用规划窗体底端窗体顶端lawoftolerance耐性定律lawofconservationofenergy能量受恒定律Lymedisease莱姆关节炎病lithosphere岩石圈lenticecosys

15、tem静水生态系统managementofecosystem生态系统管理mycorrhizalfungi菌根真菌mineralization矿化作用marinesystem海洋生态系统methane甲烷mortalityrate死亡率mutualism互利共生maximumfataltemperature最高致死温度mimicry拟态migratorybirds候鸟maximumsustainableyield最大持续收获量marginalcost边际成本marginalbenefit边际收益microclimate微气候（小气候）matapopulation联种群窗体底端窗体顶端minimu

16、mviablepopulation最小可生存种群nematode线虫类naturalresources自然资源netprimaryproductivity(NPP)净初级生产力nutrientcycle养分循环nitrogencycle氮循环nitrogen-fixingbacteria固氮菌nitrate硝酸盐neutralinteraction中性作用nitrogenfixation氮固定nitrification硝化作用n-dimensionalhypervolumen维超体积nicheseparation生态位分离necrotrophicparasite尸养寄生物nonpointsou

17、rcepollutant非点源污染物nonbiodegradable生物不能降解的nativespecies本地种naturereserves自然保护区naturaldisasters自然灾害organism生物体，有机体窗体底端窗体顶端overgrazing过度放牧organicmatter有机质opensystem开放系统overlappinggenerations世代重叠one-wayflow单向流动ozonelayer臭氧层ozonehole臭氧空洞overexploitation过度开发利用overfishing过度捕捞optimalforagingtheory最适捕食理论oscil

18、lation波动，摆动oligotrophic（水域）贫营养的Omnivores杂食动物oilspill漏油productivity生产力pathogen病菌，病原体pesticide杀虫剂photosynthesis光合作用primaryproductivity初级生产力photosyntheticefficiency光合效率窗体底端窗体顶端predator捕食者，肉食动物prayingmantis螳螂phytoplankton浮游植物permafrost永冻带（土）phosphoruscycle磷循环parentmaterial土壤母质populationdemography种群统计学，人

19、口统计学populationdensity种群密度spatialdistribution空间分布predation捕食parasitism寄生parasite寄主,寄生者parasitoid拟寄生物pioneerspecies先锋种primarysuccession原生演替prairies草原primaryproducer初级生产者precipitation降水（量）photochemicalsmog光化学烟雾populationfluctuation种群波动窗体底端窗体顶端periodicfluctuation周期性波动prey猎物preadapted预适应的perennialweeds多年

20、生草本positivefeedbackmechanism正反馈机制pointsourcepollutant点源污染物powerplant能源植物physiologicalecology生理生态学photiczone透光层populationdynamics种群动态protist原生生物resistance抗性，抵抗力regulationofecosystem生态系统的调控respiration呼吸作用,呼吸rootnodule根瘤redtides赤潮randomdispersion随机分布resourcepartitioning资源配置（分配）realizedniche实际生态位remotes

21、ensing遥感窗体底端窗体顶端restorationecology恢复生态学system系统stabilityofecosystem生态系统的稳定性soilerosion土壤侵蚀salinization盐化（作用）solarenergy太阳能secondlawofthermodynamics热力学第二定律speciesdiversity物种多样性sable紫貂，黑貂seal海豹standingbiomass现存生物量staticlifetable静态生命表survivorshipcurves存活曲线symbiosis共生(体)succession演替secondarysuccession次生演替structureofecosystem生态系统的结构sedimentarycycle沉积型循环surfacerunoff地表径流soilacidification土壤酸化窗体底端窗体顶端sideeffect副作用solidwastes固体废物