【管理类】组织行为学ppt课件

1、Class 8.Work Team8.1 Teams vs. Groups how do we explain the current popularity of teams? outperforming individuals when the tasks require multiple skill, judgement, experience(better utilize employee talents); facilitating employee participation in D-M, motivational property. 1.DefinitionsWork Group

2、-interacting primarily to share information & to make decisions to help each member perform with his area of responsibility. -help each member do better; Dont share responsibility for each others resultsTeam-Group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of those

3、 individual inputs. -working interdependently & being jointly accountable for performance goals. 2.Clarity of the difference Work groups Work teams Share information- Goal- Collective performance Neutral(negative)-Synergy-Positive Individual -Accountability- Individual & mutual Random & varied-Skill

4、s- ComplementaryTeam work, Team player-embody teamwork valve, -Intense sense of belonging, Interdependence, Joint responsibilityClass 8. Work Team8.2 Types of Teams1.Classification base on objectiveProblem-Solving Teams:Group of 5-12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each w

5、eek to discuss ways of improving quality,efficiency,& the work setting(P-solving). Quality Circles(Total Q P)-Q control,C reduction, P planning,P design Self-management teams: Group of 10-15 people taking on responsibilities of their former supervisors(empower). Office of the President-collectively

6、assumes the role of the COO In managing internal operations Cross-Functional team: employees from about the same hierarchical level,but from different wok area coming together to accomplish a task(coordination) Transnational Team-joint-venture team2. Druckers 3 types failure & all-but-universal beli

7、ef Task force-temporary cross-functional team. Committees-groups made up of members from across departmental linesBaseball Team-Surgical operation team, assembly line. The players play on the team with fixed positions they never leave.-working “in series,taking turnFootball Team-the symphony orchest

8、ra.The players play as a team with fixed positions,working “in parallel.Tennis Double Team-Jazz combo, Presidents Office. (5-7)The players have a primary position,adjusting to their teammates strengths,weakness and the changing demands of the “game.-totally break with the past8.3 Building high-perfo

9、rmance teamSize of teams-keep them under a dozen. Given a larger working unit,breaking into subteamsAbilities of members-3 different types of skills: technical expertise,P-s & D-m skills,interpersonalAllocating roles & promoting diversity-9 roles(1)Having a commitment to a common purpose Establishin

10、g specific goalsLeadership & structureSocial loafing & accountabilityAppropriate performance evaluation & reward systemDeveloping high mutual trust (2)1.Team rolesCreator-Innovators:initiate creative ideas.Explorer-Promoters:champion initiated ideas Assessor-Developers:analyze decision optionsThrust

11、er-Organizers:provide structureConcluder-Producers: provide direction & follow Controller-Inspectors:check for detailsUpholder-Maintainers:fight external battlesReporter-Advisers:seek full informationLinker:coordinate & integrate2. Developing high mutual trustCharacteristic of high-performance teams

12、 where members believe in the integrity,character,& ability of each other.Dimensions: Integrity-honesty & truthfulness; Competence-Technical & interpersonal knowledge, skills; Consistency-Reliability,predictability,& good judgement in handling situations; Loyalty-Willingness to protect & save face f

13、or a person; Openness-share ideas freelyHow to build trust: Demonstrate youre working for others interest as well as your own; Be a team player; Practice openness; Be fair; Speak your feelings; Show consistency in the basic values that guide your D-M; Maintain confidence; Demonstrate competence 8.4

14、Create team player Design job around teamChallenge: 1.Inherent resistance-individual achievers; 2. Individualistic national culture;3.An individual-valued organizational history Shaping team players: Selection-job candidate with team skills, otherwise training,transference to other unit, reject Trai

15、ning-workshop to help improve skills like P-S, communication,negotiation,conflict M,coaching Reward-encourage cooperative efforts rather than competitive ones; intrinsic rewards from team 8.5 Contemporary Issues TQM: the use of team-the essence of process improvement,employee involvement, natural ve

16、hicleWork force diversity on team Advantages:Multiple perspective;Greater openness to new ideas; Multiple interpretations; Increased creativity, flexibility, P-S skills. Disadvantages:Ambiguity;Complexity;Confusion;Miscommunication;Difficulty in reaching a agreement,agreeing on specific actionsReinv

17、igorating Mature Teams:1. stagnant, apathy, complacency,groupthinking; 2.success due to easy task 3.mental preparation, refresher training, advanced training, constant learning Class 9munication8.1 Definition & Function The transference & understanding of meaning. No group can exist without it,4 maj

18、or functions: Control: job-related grievance,group tease, harass Motivation: evaluation,specific goals,feedback on Emotional expression: feelings, social needs Information:facilitate D-M Class 9munication 9.2 The Communication Process The steps between a source & a receiver that result in the transf

19、erence & understanding of meaning1.A Communication ModelThe source: message-what is communicatedEncoding:converting a message to symbolic form. Skill,attitude,knowledge, social-culture systemChannel:the medium through which a message travels-selected by the sourceDecoding:retranslating a senders mes

20、sageThe receiverFeedback loop:the final link in the process; puts the message back into the system as a check against misunderstanding 2.Distortion & ApprehensionSource of distortion:7 componentCommunication Apprehension: undue tension & anxiety about oral,written communication,or both -more serious

21、 than that of people dread speaking in front of a groupOral apprehensive-expect to find suitable job. Teacher-a dominant requirement Class 9munication 9.2 Communication fundamentals 1.Direction of Communication Downward-flow from one level of a group or organization to a lower leverupward- flow to a

22、 higher leverlateral-taking place among members of the same group,among individuals at the same level,among any horizontally equivalent personnel.2. Communication network channels by which information flowsFormal network:task-related communications that follow the authority chain -common-small group

23、 Criteria Chain Wheel All-channel speed moderate fast fast accuracy high high moderate emergence of leader moderate high none member satisfaction moderate low highInformal network: the communication grapeline Studies:only 10% of people act as liaison Suggestion:1.announce timetable;2.explain inconsi

24、stency; 3.emphasize the downside,upside; 4.openly discuss worst case. 3.Nonverbal CommunicationMessages conveyed through body movement,the intonations or emphasis we give to words,facial expressions,& the physical distance between the sender & receiverKinesics:the study of body motions -gestures,fac

25、ial configurations,Body language linked with spoken language convey fuller meaning Actions speak louder than words4. Choice of channel Model of media richnessChannel richness: the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode richest-leanestCapacity-handle multiple cue

26、s simultaneously; facilitate rapid feedback;be very personalmessage type:nonroutine,ambiguous-routine,clear information medium:face-to-face talk,phone call,memos-letters,flyers-bulletins-general reports5.Barriers to effective Communication Filtering:a senders manipulation of information so that it w

27、ill be seen more favorably by the receiver-tell what he wants to hear (condense & synthesize);number of levelsselective perception:projecting their personal characteristics into communication as they encode or decode emotions:feelings at the time of receiptlanguage:mean different things to different people Class 9munication9.3 In practice: Effective employee communication in leading companies undergoing dramatic changeGuidance based on 10 leading companiesCEOs commitmentman