2022年人教版选修九《》教案

1、名师精编 优秀教案英语： Unit2 Sailing the oceans教案（ 2）（新人教版选修 9）Part One: Teaching Design Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (SAILING THE OCEANS) Aims To help students read about sailing the oceans To help students learn about the predicate Procedures Warming up by leaning about navigator What is a nav

2、igator? A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigators responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazard

3、s or obstacles are avoided. What is exploration? Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information. Exploration has existed as long as

4、 human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world. In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial

5、, rough understanding of some phenomenon. Warming up by talking about Zheng Hes Seven Voyages In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by

6、a huge entourage of 名师精编 优秀教案nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earli

7、er than Columbusfamous exploits. Warming up by looking and listening Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his infl

8、uence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. I. Pre-reading What are na

9、vigational instruments? Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations. navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provide

10、s an artificial horizon for the pilot compass - navigational instrument for finding directions depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instru

11、ment - a device that requires skill for proper use asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for

12、anti-submarine detection investigation committee II. Reading for forms Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into 名师精编 优秀教案thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. SAILING THE OCEANS We may well wonder/ how

13、seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ships position/ on a mapThe voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids So/ how did they navigate so well

14、? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia Page l：Using nature to help Keeping alongside the coastline This seems to have been the first /and most useful form of exploration /which carried the minimum amount of risk Using celestial bodies North Star At the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest

15、position /in the sky, but at the equator /it is along the horizon So /accomplished navigators were able to use it /to plot their positions Sun On a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead /at midday to navigate by They can use the height of the sun /to work o

16、ut their latitude Clouds Sea captains observed the clouds /over islands. There is a special cloud formation /which indicates /there is land/ close by. Using wildlife Seaweed Sailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been thereIf it was flesh /an

17、d smelled strongly ，then /the ship was close to landBirds Sea birds could be used to show the way/ to land /when it was nowhere to be seen In the evening /nesting birds return to land /and their nestsSo /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if 名师精编 优秀教案they were offshore/ and in the open sea

18、Using the weather Fog Fog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or riversSeamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land Winds Wise seamen used the winds/ to direct their sailing They could accelerate the speed ，but they could also be dangerousSo

19、/the Vikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys Using the sea Certain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination. These skills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands They increased their ab

20、ility/ to navigate new seas/ when they used instrumentspage 2: Using navigational instruments to help Finding longitude There was no secure method of measuring longitude /until the 17th century/ when the British solved this theoretical problem Nobody knew that /the earth moved westwards/ 15 degrees/

21、 every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude /using speed /and timeAn early method of measuring speed/ involved throwing a knotted rope/ tied to a log /over the side of the shipThe rope was tied to a log /which was then/ thrown into the sea As the ship advanced th

22、rough the water /the knots were counted/ as they passed through a seamans handsThe number of knots/ that were counted /during a fixed period of time/ gave the speed of the ship/ in nautical miles /per hourLater, when seamen began to use the compass /in the 12th century /they could calculate longitud

23、e /using complicated mathematical tablesThe compass has a special magnetic pointer /which always indicates the North Pole，so/ it is used to help find the direction /that the ship needs to go In this way /the ship could set a straight course /even in the middle of the oceanFinding latitude 名师精编 优秀教案T

24、he Bearing Circle It was the first instrument /to measure the suns position A seaman would measure the sun s shadow/ and compare it /with the height of the sun/ at midday Then/ he could tell if he was sailing on his correct/ rather than a random course. The Astrolabe The astrolabe, quadrant/ and sex

25、tant are all connected. They are developments /of one anotherThe earliest，the astrolabe， was a special all-in-one tool /for telling the position of the ship/ in relation to the sun/ and various stars /which covered the whole skyThis gave the seamen /the local time /and allowed them /to find their la

26、titude/ at seaHowever, it was awkward/ to use /as one of the points of reference/ was the moving ship itself The Quadrant This was a more precise/ and simplified version of the astrolabe It measured how high stars were above the horizon /using a quarter circle/ rather than the full circle of the ast

27、rolabeIt was easier to handle /because it was more portableIts shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship /as one of the fixed points of referenceAs the ship rose /and plunged /in the waves ，it was extremely difficult /to be accurate /with any reading The sextant The sextant was the updated

28、version /of the astrolabe /and quadrant/ which reduced the tendency/ to make mistakesIt proved to be the most accurate /and reliable of these early navigational instrumentsIt works by measuring the angle /between two fixed objects /outside the ship/ using two mirrors This made the calculations more

29、precise /and easier to do III. Copying useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them. sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ships position on a map, the voyages of travelers, before the 17th ce

30、ntury, at the mercy of , have modern navigational aids, read these pages from an encyclopedia use nature to help, keep alongside the coastline, seem to have been , the first and most useful 名师精编 优秀教案form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of risk use celestial bodies, North Star, at the North

31、Pole, at its highest position in the sky, at the equator, along the horizon, accomplished navigators, be able to use to plot their positions, on a clear day, during the summer, use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observe the clouds ove

32、r islands, a special cloud formation, land close by use wildlife, see seaweed in the sea, tell by the colour and smell, flesh and smelled stronglyclose to land, use sea birds to show the way to land, in the evening, nesting birds, return to land and their nests, follow the birds to land, in the open

33、 sea use weather, gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a stream or river, close to land, use the winds to direct ones sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during ones outward or return journeysuse the sea, carry ships to their destination

34、, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas, use instruments use navigational instruments to help , find longitude, secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, 15 degrees every hour, method of calculating longitude, us

35、e speed and time, method of measuring speed, tie to , over the side of the ship, throw into , advance through the water, pass through , during a fixed period of time, give the speed of , in nautical miles per hour, use the compass, use complicated mathematical tables, have a special magnetic pointer

36、, indicate the North Pole, find the direction, in this way, set a straight course, in the middle of the ocean find latitude, the Bearing Circle, measure the suns position, measure the sun s shadow, compare with , the height of the sun at midday, sail on , rather than a random coursea special all-in-

37、 one tool for telling the position of the ship, in relation to , give sb the local time, find onelatitude at sea, use as one of the points of reference, a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe, above the horizon, use a quarter circle, use the moving ship as one of the fixed points of

38、reference, plunge in the waves ， the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant, reduce the tendency, make mistakes, the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments, work by measuring the angle IV. Transforming information 名师精编 优秀教案Next you are going to read the text again

39、to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS Using nature to help keeping alongside the coastline Using navigational instruments to help Using celestial bodies: North Star; Sun; finding longitudeClouds Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The Quadran

40、t; The sextant Using the weather: Fog; Winds Using the sea V. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceans Sailing the oceans For thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably

41、 reach their destinations even after crossing huge expanses of open ocean. In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia. Before modern navigational techniques were developed, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island lo

42、cations relative to winds and currents. Today, racing sailboats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around the world. Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing. In thi

43、s investigation, youll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. Youll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then youll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed. Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in e

44、ach blank. While sailing the _1_we may make use of both the nature _2_ the navigational 名师精编 优秀教案instruments to help. By making use of the _3_ to help, it is meant that we could either _4_ alongside the coastline, _5_use celestial bodies like the north star, the sun and the clouds, _6_ use wildlife

45、such as seaweed, birds, _7_ use the weather such as fog and winds, _8_ use the sea. By using _9_ instruments to help it is meant _10_ we could manage to sail either by finding longitude _11_by finding latitude by means of the Bearing Circle, the Astrolabe, the Quadrant _12_ the Sextant. (Key: 1.ocea

46、ns 2.and 3.nature 4.keep 5.or 6.or 7.or 8.or 9.navigational 10.that 11.or 12.and ) Comprehension questions 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century B. How to plot a ship s position on a map C. How did ancient men navigate so well D. Use natur

47、e to aid navigation 2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them A. find celestial bodies. B. predict the weather. C. explore the sea. D. find latitude 3. The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were A. hard-working. B. brave. C. intelligent. D. energetic 4.

48、According to the passage, A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen C. Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing 名师精编 优秀教案D. The sextant proved to be the most a

49、ccurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments (Key: BDCB ) Notes to the special sentences 1.So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions熟练的领航员就能够用它来确定自己的位置。句中 accomplished 是形容词，意思是“优秀的，熟练的 ” ，作定语修饰其后的名词。 Accomplished 的用法如下：已完成的 ; 已达到的：accomplished facts 既成事实；

50、学识渊博的 , 技术高超的 , 有成就的：an accomplished cook 厨艺精湛的厨师，Judy is accomplished in English teaching. 茱 蒂 擅 长 英 语 教 学 ；有 教 养 的 , 优 雅 的 ：an accomplished lady 才女2.On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by在晴朗的日子， 尤其是在夏天， 水手可以使用正午头顶的太阳来引导他们航行。句中 to

51、 navigate by 作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，其中的by 是介词，它的逻辑宾语是前面的the sun。 类似的例句有：I have no topics to write about. He found some pens to write with. He is not the person to get along with. 3.Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen 看不到陆地的时候，可以利用海鸟来定位通向陆地的方向。句中 used 后面有一个停顿。to 到 lan

52、d 作目的状语。句中 when 引导的是时间状语从句，修饰说明主句谓语动词。4. The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour 一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海哩时速。句中 that were counted during a fixed period of time 是定语从句， in nautical miles 和 per hour 都是状语。5. Later, when seamen beg

53、an to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables 后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了。using complicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。更多例句：The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch. 那男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。（伴随）He came r

54、unning back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。（方式） An old man entered, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来。（方式）6. Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course. 这样他就能弄清楚他是沿正确航线而不是紊乱航线航行。Rather than 的例句还有： I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. Why didn名师

55、精编优秀教案t you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?7.The earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和太空星辰的相对位置。in relation to 是复合介词短语，作状语。

56、请看： in relation to (= concerning) this matterIts brain is small in relation to (= compared with) its body. Little of what he said has any relation to fact. 8.It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments 它证明是这些早期航海仪器中最准确最可靠的一种。句中proved 可以看作半系动词，后接表语。look ，tur

57、n，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain 等都可能用作半连系动词。例如： He looked a perfect fool 他看上去是个十足的傻瓜。He turned traitor to his country 他背叛了祖国。 I felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段长路，我感到很饿。Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger 我们国家变得越来越强大了。Some of the land became covered with water 一些田地覆盖着

58、水。The story sounds interesting 这故事听起来很有趣。 he flowers smell sweet 花朵散发芳香。Holding the note in his hand ，he stood there dumbfounded 他拿着钞票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。They went mad 他们发狂了。He never remained satisfied with his success他从不满足于自己的成绩。相关高考链接句首动词命题透视请看课文第一段最后一句：Read these pages from an encyclopedia. 句首使用了动词。现在我们来透

59、视一下句首动词命题的相关情况：一、句首使用动词原形此类题目多通过特定句式、固定结构考查动词的形式。近年高考考查的重点多为动词原形开头的祈使句或 “ 祈使句 +and/or+陈述句 ”句型。1. What should I do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 析：该句省略了主语，复原后整个句子应为：paragraph.正确答案为 C。You should find out the main idea of ea

60、ch 2. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? 名师精编 优秀教案 Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known find it easier to read and 析：根据题意和结构可知，该题考查“祈使句 +and+陈述句 ” 句型，故首空应用动词原形。答案为 A 。二、句首使用 to-v 短语形式置于句首的 to-v 短语形式常作目的状语，其后使用逗号隔开一个完整的句子结构（作目的状语的 t