2001年中国社会科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案

1、2001年中国社会科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Vocabulary (15 points)Part ADirections: choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word1Totally perplexed by the first question on the exam, he passed on to the secondArelieved by Bsatisfied with Cconfused by Dsated with 2To the growing perturbation

2、 of the unions, the Ministry of Labour has been pressing for a stringent income policyAsatisfaction Bdisappointment Crelief Danxiety 3Adages are frequently mutually antagonistic: witness, “ignorance breeds prejudice and “familiarity breeds contempt.Ais at the heart of Bmultiplies Cworsens Dgenerates

3、 4His mothers scolding pierced him to the quickAfroze him completely Bshamed him enormously Churt him to the core Dstuck in his craw 5This years sterling depreciation, only a few aver, has no impact on the economy at largeAincrease in value Bfall in value Clack of use Ddrastic change 6How valiant th

4、at general who prosecutes a war with vigor!Abrings to trial Bwages Cpraises Dcondemns 7Management was not acting in good faith when it alleged that workers wages would have to be cut for the company to remain solventAprosperous Bout of debt Cproductive Dout of trouble 8The new military junta suppres

5、sed dissentAinitiated Bquashed Csupported Dreinstated 9To create a circuit, a conducting wire is attached to an electric cell at one end, and to an electric outlet at the otherAbattery Bfaucet Csocket Dappliance 10The former Soviet state of Georgia today exhibits a diversified economyAa multifaceted

6、 Ba sagging Ca dissolving Dan improved 11. The Mayor asked the city council to recommend potential programs for the benefit of the indigentAtransient Bunemployed Chomeless Dneedy 12He wears strange clothes, talks to himself, and appears unkempt. Is it any wonder his neighbors view him as an eccentri

7、c?Aa crank Bcuckoo Can anchorite Dunconventional 13So engrossed was the detective in considering the evidence that he completely forgot where he wasAwrapped up Bimpressed Cdisinvolved Dimpatient 14Disastrous forest fires are quite often caused by simple carelessness: a dropped butt ignites dead leav

8、esAenflames Bburns Clights Dblackens 15The reciprocal hatred between various members of different races underlies the difficulty of integration in the United StatesAhidden Bprofound Cmutual Dracial Part BDirections： choose the answer that best completes the sentence16Having discovered the shadiness

9、in which her employers were involved, she immediately_her connection with themAconverted Bsevered Cimproved Drealized 17An important customer may resent being_by an assistant rather than by the bossAcondescended to Bdevoted to Cattended to Dconformed to 18The antique silver_the beautifully set table

10、Acomplemented Bimplemented Caugmented Dcomplimented 19He spends his time in_complaints rather than actingAfragile Bfertile Cfrangible Dfutile 20She_because she found the journal interestingAsubscribed Bprescribed Ddescribed Dinscribed 21It is in the chairman of the boards interest, before a meeting,

11、 to_with the directors about sensitive mattersAconfer Bcontend Cconspire Dconsort 22Complacency towards ecological balance (“It cant happen here!) has resulted in a number of_Adamages Bwastes Ccatastrophes Ddangers 23The village lies over the mountains, and is_only by boatAacceeded to Bavailable Cac

12、cessible Dobtainable 24A nation-wide service was announced to_the sacrifice made by the heroes of the warAmemorize Bcommemorate Caward Dreward 25The doctor pondered for a while, trying to recall which of several medications would be best to_the patients sufferingAalleviate Brestrict Cdecrease Ddimin

13、ish 26The volume knob, if turned to ward the left, will_the soundAmagnify Benlarge Camplify Dreinforce 27Having reached the top of the hill, we were appalled to find the path_precipitouslyAdeparted Bdecreased Cdescended Dderailed 28Often considered in common thought as_, language, culture, and perso

14、nality are in fact inseparableAindistinct paradigms Bseparate reasons Cirreplaceable concepts Dindependent entities 29Based on economic studies, it seems possible to forecast that a recession may_a depressionAimply Bindicate Csymbolize Dprecede 30The speech consisted of_phrases, well-chosen imagery,

15、 and amusing rhetorical flourishesAsuitable Bselected Capt Dfit Part Grammar (15 points)Part ADirections: choose the answer that best fills in the blank31Before Columbus set sail on his first voyage of discovery, many pooh-poohed his chances, and were unwilling to_on his chances of successAmake bets

16、 Bmake the bet Cmake a bets Dmake bet 32Although her research topic had been approved by her thesis advisor, the library persisted in_the documentsAits denial for access Bdeny her access to Cdenying her access to Ddenying her access for 33Their differences were unreconcilable: they had no alternativ

17、e_the law to settle the dispute between themAbut going to Bbut to go Cbut go to Dbut invoking 34_, water, is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygenAAs is known BAs be known CAs known DWhich is known 35It is imperative that he_full charge of the joint projectAtake Btaking Ctook Dtakes 36H

18、e_leave here than a child would abandon a favorite playthingAwould no more Bwould rather Cwill no longer Dmay no more 37The radio was of_quality that I took it back and asked for a better oneAsuch the inferior Bsuch a inferior Cso an inferior Dsuch inferior 38He goes shopping so frequently no becaus

19、e he is rich, but because he enjoys _politelyAspeaking Bbeing spoken to Cbeing spoken Dspeaking to 39Eighteenth-century statesmen were totally convinced that war could be used as_settling disputesAa mean to Ba means for Csome means for Dmeanses for 40She does not believe that he is the honor accorde

20、d himAworth of Bworth Cworthy of Dworthy 41Few of the young realize what feats lie_themAin the store for Bin store for Cwaiting Dawaiting for 42Reading_the mind_food is to the bodyAis for is as Bas is as Cis to what Dwhat isis as 43Obviously, he decided not to say anything about it because he hoped

21、to_Akeep it as a secret Bkeep it to be a secret Ckeep it a secret Dkeep it being a secret 44She was slated to present an abstract of her thesis at the national convention, and so spent the holiday_Atouching on it Btouching it up Ctouching it Dtouching it down 45Greeleys injunction “Go West, young ma

22、n! resulted in a massive migration of population, with people occupying land_no one held title of ownership and that had yet to be soldAto which Bthat Cwhich Dof which Part BDirections：choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence46Now, as our urban areas drug-produced crime, death the

23、illicit use of unregulated and dangerous drugs death, becomes vital for the parents, teachers, and advisors of our youth to have as wide an understanding of these problems as possible47It was amusingly noted that the major the English colonized so much of the world , no matter weather conditions the

24、y met abroad, they had already experienced at home48sculptors, modern painters primitive and ancient art, demonstrated in the of the Gaugin and Rousseau49The moon may be considered a world that is complete in itself yet utterly dead, a sterile, mountainous waste on which the sun with great heat, but

25、 on which during the night the cold is so intense that it surpasses anything ever on the earth50 often the result new ideas, frantic activity and optimistic forecasting no discernible results51By definition, a discount store offers standard at prices of more conventional merchants. It is able to do

26、so by accepting a lower profit margin, by purchasing , and by 52In the digestive process, food in the stomach, with its nutrient value the bloodstream. Alcohol, however, some 20 percent enters the bloodstrem directly from the stomach, having bypassed the digestive process53The wear do not serve only

27、 a practical function. They speak volumes about the view your personality, your state of mind, your social status, your aspirations and dreams54 and education lies in teaching one information in teaching one how to deal with the information 55The obstacles Nancy Kerrigan faced as she strove the Olym

28、pic ice skating medal at Likehamma in 1944 form story a fascinating novel be written56It is on occasion the a person expresses the thought the actual words tells us the speaker is serious or not57The Quebecois, , themselves from the Canadian provinces58 the President wrote a conciliatory letter the

29、incident, the press was in continuing condemnation59Acids constitute a family of that, solution, have the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red, a corrosive action metals, and 60Well over of that book noted British writers about authors who wrote during centuryPart Cloze test (10 points)Di

30、rections: Choose the word that best completes the meaningIt was a foolish question to ask. It 61 more sense for me to have learned if she had 62 or a point of view, but it was 63 for that now and I supposed that the 64 Relations Office had 65 her before granting the interview. I didnt have time this

31、 week to read 66 pieces about corporate rainmakers and their golden parachutes or women at midtown law firms 67 six times my salary but whining about breaking the 68 ceiling“I wont waste your time, she 69 “If the details on your 70 are accurate and the articles Laura 71 me have correct background, w

32、e wont have to 72 that. I 73 in approval, She was obviously a 74 , and an intelligent one 75 It was always 76 to sit for a 77 when the questioner spent the first hour asking what schools I had 78 , how long 79 , and whether I liked my job“Is it all right 80 you if we start with some information abou

33、t the Sex Crimes Prosecution Unit? “Id like that, I replie 61Amade Bwould make Cwould have made Dwould be 62Aa fish to fry Ba nut to crack Ca song to sing Dan axe to grind 63Astill late Btoo late Cso late Dpast 64ACommon BFinancial CLocal DPublic 65Avetted Bcalled Cconnected with Dcontacted with 66A

34、rushed Bwindy Cpuff Dblowing 67Ataking Bmaking Cslaving for Dlosing 68Aplastered Bglass Cfragile Dlimited 69Arambled Bcarried on Clectured Dwent on 70Aapplication Bcurriculum vitae Creport Dfolder 71Aphoned Bfaxed Chad phoned Dhad faxed 72Are-paint Bremix Cre-write Drehash 73Atrembled Bgrimaced Csmi

35、led Dwinked 74Agirl Bpro Ctyro Dmogul 75Aat that Bat this Cto reboot Dadded 76Aagreeable Binstructive Cimpatient Daggravating 77Aphoto Bportrait Cprofile Dsketch 78Aattended Bmatriculated Cenrolled Dpreferred 79AI had worked Bdid I work Cwas I working Dwould I work 80Afor Bto Caccording to Dwith Par

36、t Reading comprehension: ( 30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below1Early that June Pius secretly addressed the Sacred College of Cardinals on the extermination of the Jews. “Every word We address to the competent authority on this subject, and all Ou

37、r public utterances, he said in explanation of his reluctance to express more open condemnation, “have to be carefully weighed and measured by Us in the interest of the victims themselves, lest, contrary to Our intentions, We make their situation worse and harder to bear. He did not add that another

38、 reason for proceeding cautiously was that he regarded Bolshevism as a far greater danger than NazismThe position of the Holy See was deplorable but it was an offense of omission rather than commission. The Church, under the Popes guidance, had already saved the lives of more Jews than all other chu

39、rches, religious institutions, and rescue organizations combined, and was presently hiding thousands of Jews in monasteries, convents, and Vatican City itself. The record of the Allies was far more shameful. The British and Americans, despite lofty pronouncements, had not only avoided taking any mea

40、ningful action but gave sanctuary to few persecuted Jews. The Moscow Declaration of that yearsigned by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin-methodically listed Hitlers victims as Polish, Italian, French, Dutch, Belgian, Norwegian, Soviet, and Cretan. The curious omission of Jews (a policy emulated by th

41、e U. S. Office of War Information) was protested vehemently but uselessly by the World Jewish Congress. By the simple expedient of Converting the Jews of Poland into Poles, and so on, the Final Solution was lost in the Big Threes general classification of Nazi terrorismContrasting with their relucta

42、nce to face the issue of systematic Jewish extermination was the forthrightness and courage of the Danes, who defied German occupation by transporting to Sweden almost every one of their 6,500 Jews; of the Finns, allies of Hitler, who saved all but four of their 4,000Jews; and of the Japanese, anoth

43、er ally, who provided refuge in Manchuria for some 5,000 wandering European Jews in recognition of financial and given by the Jewish firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company during the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-19051“We, Our, and “Us in the first paragraph refer to APius himselfBPious and the College of Card

44、inalsCan unknown groupDsomething that cannot be determined by the text2“The Allies refers to ABritain, the soviet union, and the U. S. ABthe Polish, Italians, etCCthe JewsDsomething that cannot be determined by the text. V3The actions of the British and the Americans, as contrasted to the actions of

45、 the Church, may be illustrated by which of the following?ATheres many a sliptwixt the cup and the lipBA stitch in time saves nineCAll say and no doDWhat goes around comes around4The U.S. Office of War Information Aeschewed the policy mentionedBemasculated the policy mentionedCaped the policy mentio

46、nedDdid none of the above5“The final Solution refers to Athe extermination of the JewsBthe answer to the problem of war in generalCa mathematical problemDnone of the above. 6“Their in paragraph 3, line 1, refers to the AJews. B“Poles, and so on. CBig Three. DDanes2Between the invention of agricultur

47、e and the commercial revolution that marked the end of the middle ages, wealth and technology developed slowly indeed. Medieval historians tell of the centuries it took for key inventions like the watermill or the heavy plow to diffuse across the landscape. During this period, increases in technolog

48、y led to increases in the population, with little if any appearing as an improvement in the median standard of livingEven the first century of the industrial revolution produced more “improvements than “revolutions in standards of living. With the railroad and the spinning and weaving of textiles as

49、 important exceptions, most innovations of that period were innovations in how goods were produced and transported, and in new kinds of capital, but not in consumer goods. Standards of living improved, but styles of life remained much the sameThe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw a faster and

50、different kind of change. For the first time, technological capability outran population growth and natural resource scarcity. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the typical inhabitant of the leading economies-a Briton, a Belgian, an American, or an Australian-had perhaps three times the

51、 standard of living of someone in a preindustrial economyStill, so slow was the pace of change that people, or at least aristocratic intellectuals, could think of their predecessors of some two thousand years before as effectively their contemporaries. Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman aristocrat and p

52、olitician, might have felt more or less at home in the company of Thomas Jefferson. The plows were better in Jeffersons time. Sailing ships were much improved. However, these might have been insufficient to create a sense of a qualitative change in the order of life for the elite. Moreover, being a

53、slave of Jefferson was probably a lot like being a slave of CiceroSo slow was the pace of change that intellectuals in the early nineteenth century debated whether the industrial revolution was worthwhile, whether it was an improvement or a degeneration in the standard of living. Opinions were genui

54、nely divided, with as optimistic a liberal as John Stuart Mill coming down on the “pessimist side as late as the end of the 1840sIn the twentieth century, however, standards of living exploded. In the twentieth century, the magnitude of the growth in material wealth has been so great as to make it n

55、early impossible to measure. Consider a sample of consumer goods available through Montgomery Ward in 1895-when a onespeed bicycle cost $ 65Since then, the price of a bicycle measured in “nominal dollars has more than doubled (as a result of inflation). Today, the bicycle in much less expensive in t

56、erms of the measure that truly counts, its “real price: the work and sweat needed to earn its cost. In 1895, it took perhaps 260 hours worth of the average American workers production to amass enough money to buy a one speed bicycletoday an average American worker can buy one-and of higher quality-f

57、or less than 8 hours worth of productionOn the bicycle standard (measuring wealth by counting up how many bicycles the labor can buy)the average American worker today is 36 times richer than his or her counterpart was in 1895Other commodities would tell a different story. An office chair has become

58、125 times cheaper in terms of the time it takes the average worker to produce enough to pay for it. A Steinway piano or an accordion is only twice as cheap. A silver teaspoon is 25 percent more expensiveThus the answer to the question “How much wealthier are we today than our counterparts of a centu

59、ry ago? depends on which commodities you view as importantFor many personal services-having a butler to answer the door and polish your silver spoons-you would find little difference in average wealth between 1895 and 1990: an hour of a butlers time costs about the same then as now. For massproduced

60、 manufactured goods-like bicycles-we are wealthier by as much as 36 times7In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries upper-class intellectuals Abelieved that they were very much the same as their equals some two thousand years beforeBprobably thought that great changes had occurred since CiceroCfelt