高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结(20200515201113)

1、PAGE1 / NUMPAGES11虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相If+主语+助动词的过IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthe主语+should/would/could/might+反的假设动词原形meeting.去式（were,did,had）IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/mightIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,you反的假设+have+过去分词wouldnothavefailedintheexam

2、.与将来事实相Ifyoucametomorrow,weIf+主语+动词过去主语+should/would/could/might+反的假设式动词原形wouldhavethemeeting.If+主语+wereto+动Ifitweretoraintomorrow,we词原形wouldputoffthesportsmeeting.If+主语+should+动Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,词原形(注意不能是weshouldputoffthemeetingwould)tillnextMonday.错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为

3、错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlie

4、r,youwouldcatchthebus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？We

5、couldn?thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn?tgotyourhelp)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn?thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。1含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasilltha

6、tday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutput

7、quickly.(独立主格结构)evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。习题1.IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,

8、couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(电)humanlifequitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn?tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.

9、werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Hehesitated(犹豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwiseheagoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleavesC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft28.Hadheworkedharder,hetheexam.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegot

10、throughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough9.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhethen.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehereC.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere10.formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.Nothavingbeen11.Wedidn?tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim.A.wouldhavecalledB

11、.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned虚拟语气(1)复习题1.Heyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive2.foryourlaziness(懒惰),youcouldhavefinishedtheassignment(任务)bynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.weren?titD.Hadnotitbeen3.IfIhadn?tstoodundertheladder(梯子)t

12、ocatchyouwhenyoufell,younow.A.wouldn?tbesmilingB.couldn?thavesmiledC.won?tsmileD.didn?tsmile4.IfitProfessorJohnson?srecommendation(推荐),Iwouldn?thavebeenadmittedtothegraduateschoo研l(究生学院).A.werenotforB.hadnotbeenforC.werenotD.haditnotbeen5.Ifwedonotdevelopanewkindofcar,airpollutionevenmoredangerous.3

13、A.shouldhavebecomeB.willbecomeC.wouldhavebecomeD.musthavebecome6.Butforthestormyweather,weearlier.A.shouldarriveB.shallarriveC.shouldhavearrivedD.shallhavearrived7.Ifwetheirterms(条款，条件),wewouldgobankrupt(破产).A.acceptB.shouldacceptC.hadacceptedD.aretoaccept8.JohnwouldneverhavegonetothehospitalthatTom

14、wouldbethere,too. A.hedidnotknowB.ifhadheknownC.hadheknownD.hewouldhaveknown9.Hadhebeenmorecareful,hethataccident.A.wouldavoidB.wouldhaveavoidedC.avoidedD.shouldavoid10.Butthathecametohelpme,Ithereearlier.A.couldnotarriveB.couldnothavearrivedC.didnotarriveD.cannotarrive11.Shecouldlookmoreattractive有

15、(魅力的，吸引人的)butshenoattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.waspayingC.paidD.hadpaid12.IfIinhisplace,Iwoulddothat,too.A.wasB.wereC.amD.hadbeen虚拟语气(2)虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should

16、+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notsuggest建议,command命令,demand要求，leavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,教室。propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她愿,permit,persuade,expect,

17、decide决定 ,马上就做。instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgive在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中upsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setout主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时tomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)4putoff2.在Itis/wasnec

18、essary,important等形容词Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthe+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,meeting.你有必要参加会议。important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你desirable,natural,strange,imperative等必须按时到达那儿。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnow

19、onderhebelateforclass.练习题1.Iinsistthatadoctorimmediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Themanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人们)after11:00p.m.A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn?tplayloudmusicC.don?tplayloudmusicD.couldn?tplayloudmusic3.Mike?suncleinsistsinthishotel.A.st

20、ayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay4.Itwasessential(重要的)thattheapplicationforms(申请表)backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent5.Itisnecessarythedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn6.Itisproposed(建议)t

21、hatthematter(事情，事件)discussedatthenextmeeting.A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.be7.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradiosafter11o?clockat night.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay8.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff9.Idon?tthinkit

22、advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的)thatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned510.Itisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrarybackbeforethedeadline截(止日期).A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent11.Heinsistedthathisfatherwiththem.A.goB.willgoC.

23、willbegoingD.went12.Theworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()by20percent.A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised13.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridgeovertheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt虚拟语气(3)虚拟语气的其他用法对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动IwishIwerealittleyounger.词用过去时我希

24、望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动IwishIhadbeenthere.我真词用过去完成时(haddone)希望我当时在那里。在wish后面的宾语从句中或“would/could+现在完成IwishIhadnotattendedthat时”party.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用Iwishhecouldexplainwhat“would/could+动词原形”hemeans.表示“但愿”，“要是,就Ifonlytherainwouldstop.好了”用法和wish基本相同，(对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。只是比wish具有更强烈的感IfonlyIweretal

25、ler.(对现在在ifonly感叹句中的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一情色彩。点就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！表示与现在事实相反或对现Ireallydon?tlikethewayyou在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过arespeakingtome.Itseemsas去时ifyouweremyfather.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用Hekepttellinguswhathad过去完成时happenedasifhehadbeen在asif/asthough引导的从句thereh

26、imself.他不停地和我中们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksas6示较大的真实性或可能性ifit?sgoingtorain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去过美国。wouldratherdosth.表示将来Iwouldrathergothere或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自tomorrow.我想明天去那里。己做某事”Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。wouldratherhavedonesth.Shewoul

27、drathernothave表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿gonetotheparty.她觉得真是在wouldrather结构中自己过去做了某事，但实际不该去参加那个晚会。上没有做”wouldrathersb.Did表示的Don?tcometomorrow.I?d是将来或现在的事件，“主语ratheryoucamenext宁愿让另外一个人做某事”weekend.明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。wouldrathersb.haddone表Iwouldratheryouhad示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别returnedthebookyesterday.人过去做了某事，但实际上没我真希望你昨天把这本书还

28、有做”了。在Itis(about,high)从句中用过去时，表示早该Itishightimethatwebegantotime+(that)从句中work.咱们应该开始干活了。做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。练习题1.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn?tsuffer(忍受痛苦)somuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldn?tlie3.HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousew

29、ithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyIyouradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed5.Hedidn?tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhethere.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe6.IwishIlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhave

30、sleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept77.Jackwishesthathebusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.hadstudiedB.studyC.studiedD.hadbeenstudying8.It?salreadyfiveo?clocknow.Doyouthinkit?sabouttime?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome9.“Youareveryselfish（自私）.It,shightimeyouthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworl