火的安全知识(中英文外教课)

1、第一用火不慎：指人们思想麻痹大意，或者用火安全制度不健全、不落实以及不良生活习惯等造成火灾的行为。第二电气火灾:指违反电器安装使用安全规定,或者电线老化或超负荷用电造成的火灾。第三违章操作：指违反安全操作规定等造成火灾的行为，如焊接等。第四放火：指蓄意造成火灾的行为。第五吸烟：指乱扔烟头，或卧床吸烟引发火灾的行为。第六、玩火：指儿童、老年痴呆或智障者玩火柴、打火机而引发火灾的行为。第七自然原因：如雷击、地震、自燃、静电等。除了上面提到的七种主要起火原因外，原因不明和其他原因造成的火灾所占比例也不少。并且从近几年火灾直接原因，原因不明造成的火灾呈逐年增多的趋势。二、怎样预防火灾事故火是一种自然现

2、象。驯服的火是人类的朋友，它给人们带来光明和温暖，推动了人类的文明和社会的进步。但火如果失去控制，酿成火灾，就会给人们生命财产造成巨大损失。据统计：1997年我国共发生火灾14万多起，伤亡7千多人，而其中有8%的火灾是因小孩玩火造成的。可见，了解掌握一些消防知识，减少和预防火灾的发生，对同学们来说是多么重要。(1)玩火许多同学对火感到新奇，常常背着老师和家长做玩火的游戏。有的点火烧纸、烧柴草，在野外堆烧废轮胎、废塑料等，还有的在黑暗处烧火柴、弹火柴棍、燃放烟花炮竹，有的在野外烧马蜂窝。然而，几乎每一种玩法都具有引起火灾的危险性。同学们年纪小，缺乏自我保护的能力，所以平时应注意做到：1充分认识玩

3、火的危害性和可能带来的严重恶果，无论任何时候都不玩火。2打火机、火柴、鞭炮等常常是诱发儿童玩火的物品，平时不要在身上携带这些东西。3同学间要互相监督、互相提醒。如发现有同学玩火应该立即制止，并报告老师和家长，对他们进行批评教育。(2)爱护消防设备，保持通道畅通为预防发生重大火灾事故，防患于未然，人们在许多地方设置了消防设备。这些设备一旦被挪用或损坏，遇上火灾，人们就会束手无策。1.不要搬动、挪用或损坏消火栓、水枪、水带、灭火器以及专门用于消防的锹、镐、钩、沙箱、提桶等。2现代化的商场、宾馆、图书馆等许多公共场所的墙上都安装有红色火警按钮，同学们千万不要随意按动它。3.楼梯通道是发生火灾时人员脱

4、险逃生的通道，也是抢救火场被困人员的必经之路，务必保持畅通无阻，不要在这些地方存放自行车和堆放杂物。四、如何逃生一旦发生火灾，要保持清醒的头脑，争分夺秒，快速离开。万一被火围困，更要随机应变，设法脱险。家中起火，不要慌张，应根据火情及时采取相应措施：如果炒菜时油锅起火，迅速将锅盖紧紧盖上，使锅里的油火因缺氧而熄灭，不可用水扑救。房间内起火时，不能轻易打开门窗，以免空气对流，形成大面积火灾。纸张、木头或布起火时，可用水来扑救，而电器、汽油、酒精、食用油着火时，则用土、沙泥、干粉灭火器等灭火。若火势已大，必须立即报火警。被火围困时，应视不同情况，采取不同方法脱离险境。如俯下身体，用湿布捂鼻。发生火

5、灾应如何报警？如果发现火灾发生，最重要的是报警，这样才能及时扑救，控制火势，减轻火灾造成损失。火警电话的号码是119。这个号码应当牢记，在全国任何地区，向公安消防部门报告火警的电话号码都是一样的。格根据这个号码，每年的11月9日，被确定为消防安全日。不能随意拨打火警电话，假报火警是扰乱社会公共秩序的违法行为。在没有电话的情况下，应大声呼喊或采取其他方法引起邻居、行人注意，协助灭火或报警。遭遇火灾如何正确脱险？遭遇火灾，应采取正确有效的方法自救逃生，减少人身伤亡损失：一旦身受火灾危胁，千万不要惊慌失措，要冷静地确定自己所处位置，根据周围的烟、火光、温度等分析判断火势，不要盲目采取行动。身处平房的

6、，如果门的周围火势不大，应迅速离开火场。反之，则必须另行选择出口脱身（如从窗口跳出），或者采取保护措施（如用水淋湿衣服、用温湿的棉被包住头部和上身等）以后再离开火场。身处楼房的，发现火情不要盲目打开门窗，否则有可能引火入室。身处楼房的，不要盲目乱跑、更不要跳楼逃生，这样会造成不应有的伤亡。可以躲到居室里或者阳台上。紧闭门窗，隔断火路，等待救援。有条件的，可以不断向门窗上浇水降温，以延缓火势蔓延。）在失火的楼房内，逃生不可使用电梯，应通过防火通道走楼梯脱险。因为失火后电梯竖井往往成为烟火的通道。并且电梯随时可能发生故障。因火势太猛，必须从楼房内逃生的，可以从二层处跳下，但要选择不坚硬的地面，同时

7、应从楼上先扔下被褥等增加地面的缓冲，然后再顺窗滑下，要尽量缩小下落高度，做到双脚先落地。在有把握的情况下、可以将绳索（也可用床单等撕开连接起来）一头系在窗框上，然后顺绳索滑落到地面。逃生时。尽量采取保护措施，如用湿毛巾捂住口鼻、用湿衣物包裹身体。sevenreasonsoffiresFirstcarelessuseoffire:referstothepeopleideologicalparalysis,ortheuseoffiresafetysystemisnotsound,notimplementandbadlivinghabits,behavioroffire.Thesecondelect

8、ricalfire:referstotheviolationofsafetyrequirementsforelectricalinstallationorwireagingoroverloadpowercausedbythefire.Thirdpeccancyoperation:referstotheviolationofsafetyoperatingrulesoffirebehavior,suchaswelding,etc.Inthefourthset:referstothedeliberatebehavioroffire.5smoking:throwcigarettebutts,orwit

9、hthebedsmokingfirebehavior.Sixth,playingwithfire:refersto,dementiaormentallydisabledchildrenplaywithmatches,lightersandfirebehavior.7naturalcauses,suchaslightning,earthquakes,spontaneouscombustion,staticelectricity,etc.Inadditiontotheabovementionedsevenmaincauseofthefire,forunknownreasons,andotherca

10、usesoffireproportionofnotafew.Andfromthedirectcauseoffireinrecentyears,forunknownreasonscausedthefireofatrendofincreaseyearbyyear.Second,howtopreventfireaccidentFireisanaturalphenomenon.Tamefireishumansfriend,itbringlightandwarmthtothepeople,promotethehumancivilizationandtheprogressofthesociety.Buti

11、foutofcontrol,firecausedthefire,willgivepeoplelifeandpropertycausedhugelosses.Accordingtostatistics,in1997,atotalofmorethan140000fireinChina,thecasualtiesmorethan7000people,ofwhich8%ofthefiresarecausedbychildrenplayingwithfire.Visible,graspsomeknowledgeoffire,reduceandpreventthehappeningofthefire,an

12、dhowimportantitisforthestudents.（1）withfireManystudentsdontfeelnovel,oftenwithteachersandparentstodothegameofplayingwithfire.Somefireburn,straw,burn,wastetires,wasteplastics,etc.,inthefieldandinthedarkoftheburningmatches,playingamatchstick,settingofffireworks,someburnhornetsnestinthewild.Almostevery

13、kindofplay,however,hascausedtheriskoffire.Youngstudents,lackofself-protectionability,soatordinarytimesshouldpayattentiontodo:Fullyunderstandthedangersofplayingwithfireandmayleadtoseriousconsequences,nomatteranytimedontplaywithfire.Lighters,matches,firecrackersandotheritemsthatareoftencausechildrenpl

14、aywithfire,usuallydontcarrythesethingsin.Tosuperviseeachother,remindeachotherbetweenclassmates.Iffoundthatstudentsshouldimmediatelystopplayingwithfire,andreportonteachersandparents,theycriticizedtheeducation.(2)theloveoffirefightingequipment,keepclearofthechannelNipinthebud,inordertopreventamajorfir

15、eaccident,peoplesetthefirefightingequipmentinmanyplaces.Oncetheequipmentstolenordamaged,wascaughtinafire,peoplewilldo.Dontmove,embezzlement,ordamagetothehydrant,hoses,hose,fireextinguishers,anddedicatedtofireshovel,pick,hook,sandbox,pail,etc.Themodernshoppingmall,hotel,manypublicplacessuchaslibraryv

16、ersioninstalledonthewallisequippedwitharedfirealarmbutton,thestudentsdontpushitatwill.Thestairswhenthechannelisafireescapefromdanger,fireandrescuetrappedpeopletheway,besuretokeepclear,storedintheseplacesdontbicyclesandpiledupsundry.Fourth,howtoescapeIntheeventoffire,tokeepaclearhead,raceagainsttime,

17、quicklyleave.Onethousandwasbesiegedbythefire,themoretoimprovise,managedtoescape.Afireinthehome,dontpanic,shouldtakecorrespondingmeasuresintimeaccordingtothefire:ifwhencookingpanfire,quicklywouldcoverthelidtightly,makeapotofoilfireduetooxygenout,donotsavewater.Roomisonfire,noteasilyopenthedoorsandWin

18、dows,inordertoavoidairconvection,formalargefire.Paper,woodorclothcaughtfire,canusewatertosave,andelectricalappliances,cookingoil,gasoline,alcohol,fireclay,sandandmud,drypowderfireextinguisher,etc.Ifthefireisbig,mustbeimmediatelyreportedtothefire.Trappedbythefire,shouldaccordingtodifferentsituation,a

19、doptdifferentwaysoutofthewoodsyet.Leanedas,withadampclothoveryournose.Howshouldafirealarm?Ifitisfoundthatthefire,themostimportantthingisthatthepolice,soastotimelysaves,knockdownthefireandreducefirelosses.Firealarmtelephonenumberis119.Shouldbearinmindthatthisnumberinanyofthecountry,reporttopublicsecu

20、rityfiredepartmentfirealarmtelephonenumberisthesame.Accordingtothisnumber,everyyearonNovember9,wasidentifiedasfirecontrolsafety.Notatlibertytomakealarmcalls,falsealarmsisdisturbingsocialpublicorderoffence.Inthecaseofnophone,shouldcryoutortakeothermethodneighbors,pedestriansattention,toassistthefiref

21、ightingorcallthepolice.Afireescaperight?Afire,shouldbetakentocorrectandeffectivewaytosaveyourescape,reducingthelossoflifeorpersonalinjury:oncehehadafirethreat,dontpanic,todeterminetheirownposition,calmlyaccordingtothesurrounding,analyseandjudgethefiresmoke,light,temperatureandsoon,dontactblindly.Ina

22、bungalow,ifthedooraroundthefireisnotbig,shouldleavethefirequickly.Onthecontrary,itmustbeseparatelyselectexportaway(e.g.,jumpoutfromthewindow),ortakeprotectivemeasures,suchaswaterwetclothes,withawetquiltcovertheheadandupperbody,etc.)thenleavethefire.Findthefireinthebuilding,donotblindlytoopenthedoorsandWindows,firehomelikelyotherwise.Inbuildings,dontblindlyrun,moredontescapebyjumpingoffabuilding,itwouldcauseunduecasualties.Canhideinthebedroomoronthebalcony.CloseddoorsandWindows,firepartitionroad,waitingforrescue.Conditional,cancontinuouslycoolingwatertothedoorsandWindows,to