2020-2021年中考英语阅读理解知识点总结经典

1、2020-2021年中考英语阅读理解知识点总结经典一、初三英语阅读理解(含答案详细解析)1 .阅读理解Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne(凡尔纳)asthe father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer.

2、 At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) and From the Earth to the Moon ( 1865).In the 19th century, many people were int

3、erested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Vernes writing included many predictions (预言) for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time

4、before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich.Jules Vernes books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. A

5、round the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Vernes books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time!What does the phrase the father of science fiction mean?A. The father who has several children.B. Th

6、e man who loves science and inventions.C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction.D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully.What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories?A. The plays he wrote for the theater.B. The encouragement from his father.C. The success of Fiv

7、e Weeks in a Balloon.D. The scientific subjects in his stories.Why were Jules Vernes books very popular in the 19th century?Because his books made him rich and famous.Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time.Because his books were the subjects for many movies.Because many people were

8、 interested in science and inventions.(4 ) Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg?A. Five Weeks in a Balloon.B. Around the World in Eighty Days.C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth.D. From the Earth to the Moon.(5 ) According to the passage, which of the following is TR

9、UE?The space flight Verne described was different from others.The main characters in Vernes books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century.D. Many of the predictions in Vernes stories came true.【答案】(1) DCDBD【解析】【分析】文章大意：许多人认为朱勒凡尔纳是科幻小说之父，他的父亲希望他能成为一名律师，但是当他二十岁的时候，凡尔纳决定成为一名作家

10、，他的书写的非常受欢 迎，朱勒凡尔纳的书已经成为许多电影的主题。(1)词语理解题。根据短语the father of science fiction科幻小说之父。可知， Jules Verne被认为是第一个写科幻小说的人，故选Do(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. Thesuccess of this book encouraged him to write more stories 可知故事 Five Weeks in a Balloon 的 成功让凡尔纳更有动力写更多的小说，故选 Co(3)细节理

11、解题。根据文中的语句由文中In the 19th century, many people were interestedin science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular.可知在19世纪，许多人对科学和发明感兴趣。儒勒 凡尔纳在他的 小说中写下了科学主题，因此很受欢迎。故选 Do(4)细节理解题。根据文中的语句Around the World in Eighty Days is another

12、 famous moviebased on one of Vernes books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg.可知 八十天环游世界是根据凡尔纳的一本书改编的另一部著名电影。主角是一个叫斐利亚福克的英国人。故选 Bo(5)理解判断题。根据文中的语句 Vernes writing included many predictions (预言)for the 20th century and many of them came true.可知凡尔纳的作品包括了许多对 20世纪的预 言，其中许多预言都实现了，故选 D

13、o【点评】考查阅读理解。本题主要考查了细节理解题，词义理解归纳题以及判断题，做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，它可以帮助我们很快地定位原文，找到答案。.阅读理解Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio.The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happen

14、ing in the world.Now the radio is not disappearing. Its still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor (晶体管) radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen

15、 to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people dont have good sight (视力) to watch TV. When people are working , they cant watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. Whats more ， the radio is much cheaper than the TV.After the television was i

16、nvented , people.A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. dont want to use the radio any moreC. are still using the radioD. find the radio is disappearingOne of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that.A. the TV was inventedB. the transistor radio was inventedC. peop

17、le dont like watching TVD. millions of people watch TVlisten to the radio more because their sight isnt good enough.A. ChildrenB. Young peopleC. Old peopleD. AdultsUsually can be used easily while people are moving or working.A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio n

18、or the TV 【答案】(1) C B (3 ) C (4 ) A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述收音机和电视机在世界上的很受欢迎，电视与收音机比，电视更有用，然而收音机由于体积小便宜，便于携带，听众也越来越多，深受老年人 喜爱。(1)细节题。根据 Perhaps more people listen to the radio.可知，电视发明后，人们依然使 用收音机，故选a细节题。根据 One reason for this is the invention of the transistor (晶体管) radio.可 知，收音机听众的数量更多其中一个原因是晶体管收音机被发明，故选Bo(

19、3)推断题。根据 Many old people dont have good sight (视力)to watch TV.可知，老年 人由于视力不好听广播的人更多，故选Co(4)细节题。根据 When people are working , they cant watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio.可知，通常人们移动或者工作时可以听收音机，故选 A。【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻 找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。“

20、Who needs a shopping mall (购物中心) if you have Taobao? says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing.Taobao, Chinas largest online shopping site (网上购物网站)，has become an important partof Wang Lins life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users like Wang have found the joys

21、of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young workers. More women shop online than men; Clothing and home-use products are the most popular on line.It was reported that more than 250 billion(十彳乙)yuan was spent on online shopping lastyear, 80% through Taobao.Taobao means looking for

22、treasure in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.You may question the security of online shopping, Wang Lin said, Its very safe and convenient.Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, t

23、he shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.What is Taobao?Who are the most online shoppers?Do more men shop on line than women?What can you do if you want to return the products?(5 ) How much did people spend on line shopping through Tao

24、bao last year?【答案】 (1) Its China largest online shopping site.(2 ) They are students or young workers.(3 ) No, they dont.(4 ) I/We can get my/our money back.(5 ) More than 200 million yuan.【解析】【分析】这篇短文中主要介绍了淘宝网越来越受人们的欢迎。人们几乎可以在网 上购买到他们所有需要的物品。而且网上购物，不满意可以退货。(1)细节理解。根据第二段 Taobao, Chinas largest onlin

25、e shopping site (网上购物网站)， has become an important part of Wang Lins life. 可知答案是：Its China largest online shoppingsite.(2)细节理解。根据第三段 Most online shoppers are students or young workers.可知答案 是：They are students or young workers.(3)细节理解。根据第三段 More women shop online than men;可知答案是： No, they dont.(4)细节理解。

26、根据最后句 You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.可知答案是：I can get mymoney back.或者 We can get our money back。(5)细节理解。根据第四段 It was reported that more than 250 billion(十亿)yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao 可知答案是： More than 200 million yuan.【点评】任务型阅读的

27、关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言 填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到 可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。.阅读理解Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents.However, it is not true.Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If its hard for you to communicate with your

28、parents, dont worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (消除代沟).Dont argue with your parents. Dont get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably wont consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you cant express yourself well if you are angry. Go

29、 to some-place to calm down. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you dont think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.Try to reach a compromise (和解).Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can kee

30、p your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michaels mother didnt agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise

31、 on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about and why. Underst

32、anding your values might help them see your purposes in life.A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. Please have a try!The passage tells us have a communication problem.A. parents and other peopleB. school kids and their parentsC. teachers and their studentsD.

33、 parents and their children of all agesYour parents probably wont consider your ideas if you A. dont often get to themB. write a letter to themC. dont speak to them politelyD. express yourself wellThe underlined phrase calm down in the passage means _二A. make yourself happyB. get yourself quiet and

34、relaxedC. have a good restD. hide yourself quicklyFrom the passage we can learn that.parents and children should not have a generation gapparents should show love and respect to their childrenthere are some good ways to bridge the generation gapthere are so many serious problems in families today【答案

35、】(1) DCBC【解析】【分析】文章大意：有些人认为只有学校的孩子不同意他们的父母。但事实并非如此。沟通对所有年龄段的父母和孩子都是一个问题。如果你很难与父母沟通，不要担 心。短文为我们提供了一些见建议，告诉我们如何弥合代购，同时告诉我们，只有与父母 和好相处的人才会更有出息。(1)细节理解题，根据 Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.可知短文谈论的是孩子和父母所面临的最为平常的问题，故答案是D。(2)细节理解题，根据 Your parents probably wont consider your

36、ideas if you are shouting at them.可知，如果喊叫着跟父母说，父母是不会同意你的想法的，故答案是Co(3)细节理解题，根据 And you cant express yourself well if you are angry. Go to some-place to calm down. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. 可知， calm down 是冷静， 镇静的意思， 故答 案是Bo(4)逻

37、辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述如何弥补代沟的建议，所以代沟是有好多办法来弥补的，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中 寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，有已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。读理解Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry(工业).In thepast, when most Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In

38、a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Usually, uncles and aunts lived nearby.But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and move ag

39、ain whenever necessary. And large families cannot move from place to place as smaller families. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The t

40、ypical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other peoples children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.Which of the following topics is discus

41、sed in the passage?The development of science and industry in America.The influence of science and industry on American families.C. Harmful effect of industrialization.D. Social problems resulting from the highly-developed science and industry in America.What kinds of families are described in the p

42、assage?A. Families of the past and the present.B. Families of the present and the future.C. Families of the past and the future.D. Families of the past, the present and the future.What is one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America?Children tend to leave their parents and grandpa

43、rents when they grow up.People stop caring for children.The need for workers who are able to move at any time has been increasing.Both old and young people prefer to live by themselves.What can you infer from the passage?Science and industry have caused thousands of families to split (破裂)Children do

44、 not live with their parents or grandparents.Large families can hardly survive in modern society.Americans are very choosy about their jobs.【答案】(1) BD(3 ) C(4 ) C【解析】 【分析】文章大意：由于工业的发展，家庭也受到了影响，原来的家庭孩子多， 而现在的家庭孩子少，由于工业的发展家庭会总是搬动，有的家庭只有一个孩子或者没有 孩子。(1)细节理解题，根据 Great changes have taken place in family l

45、ife because of science and industry(工业).可知家庭受到了科学和工业发展的影响，故答案是B。(2)细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，短文涉及到了过去的家庭，现在的家庭和将来的 家庭，故答案是D。(3)细节理解题，根据 In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller.可知对于工人们能够随时搬动的需求，所以家庭变得原来越小，故

46、答案是Co(4)逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，工人们可能会随时要搬家，大的家庭就没有这样的便捷，所以大家庭就不适于生存在现代的社会，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中 寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，由已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。6.阅读理解Humans have learnt many things from nature. These things have helped us in our daily life. The latest thing is self-repairing clothing.Scientists h

47、ave developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing. It works with materials such as cotton, linen and wool. The scientists are from the Naval Research Office and Pennsylvania State University in the USA. Scientists Dr Walter Dressick and Dr Melik

48、 Demirel looked at how a squid can cling on to things so well. The research team found a protein in the rings of teeth that cover the suckers on a squid. The protein is similar to the one found in the silk that spiders use to make spider webs. It is very strong and elastic.The new protein has been d

49、eveloped as part of a coating, which is put on clothes. When the coating is dipped in water, the area around the rip or tear joins together in less than a minute. This could help clothes last longer and save money for us. It could also be useful for military and survival clothes. People like soldier

50、s and mountaineers would be safer if they had clothes that could be repaired quickly and easily. Professor Demirel spoke about the invention. He said, The coatings are thin, less than a micron, so they wouldnt be noticed in everyday wear. Then he added, Even thin, they increase the overall strength

51、of the material. For the first time, we are making self-healing textiles.From what have humans learnt a lot ?A. Books.B. Nature.C. Scientists.D. Clothing.What is NOT needed for the self-repairing clothes to fix themselves ?A. Tears.B. Cotton.C. Sewing.D. Glue.Whats the Chinese meaning of the underli

52、ned words is similar to ?A.与 相同B与 不同Cj相似D与一样The passage is about.A. the new proteinB. the coatingC. humansD. the spider【答案】(1) BCCA【解析】【分析】主要讲了最新的发明 一一自我修复衣服。(1)细节题。根据 Humans have learnt many things from nature.人类已经从大自然里学了 许多东西，故选B。(2) 细节题。根据 Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to r

53、epair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing.可知是不需要缝，故选 C(3)细节题。根据句子可知这种蛋白质与蜘蛛用来制作蜘蛛网的丝中的蛋白质相似。besimilar to ,和相似，故选 C。(4) 细节题。根据 The new protein has been developed as part of a coating , 可知主要讲了 新型蛋白质，故选 Ao【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。7 .阅读理解Cross- country skier Man Dandan won the wo

54、mens 1.4 km individual sprint here on Monday, earning Chinas first gold at the eighth Asian Winter Games in 2017.I was in good form today, said the 28 year-old girl after winning the title in the final round with 3 minutes and 48. 29 seconds. I didnt think much, but just focused on the games. As an

55、old member, I want to set a good example to my younger teammates by doing my best no matter what the result is.Mikko Olavi Virtanen, the head coach of the Chinese cross-country skiing team, said after the game he was satisfied with Man Dandans performance. She is a super talented sprint skier. Her b

56、iggest problem before was to maintain the speed for four rounds of the competition. We have been working on that for the past seven months. I have been giving her advice, such as how to save the energy till the final round, he said, adding that Man is a good learner.He also said that the Chinese cro

57、ss-country skiing team had a huge potential. We have quite a young team. We still have five more years to Beijing Winter Olympics. I hope we can continue this good work for a long term, he said.Yelena Kolomina from Kazakhstan took the sliver and Ju Hyeri from South Korea got the bronze. Australias C

58、asey Wright finished the third in the final round but did not get a medal as a guest athlete.How long did it take Man Dandan to finish the sking?A. 2 minutes and 11.31 seconds.B. 3 minutes and 48. 29 seconds.C. 8 minutes and 29 seconds.D. 48 minutes and 29 seconds.What did the coach think of Mans pe

59、rformance?A. Exciting.B. Terrible.C. Satisfying.D. Bad.What was Man Dandans biggest problem?A. Maintaining the speed.B. Saving enough energy.C. Keeping a good form.D. Going to the final round.(4 ) When will the Beiing Winter Olympics be held?A. In 2018.B. In 2019.C. In 2020.D. In 2022.(5 ) What was

60、Ju Hyeris rank in the competition?A. First.B. Second.C. Third.D. Fourth.【答案】(1) B (2 ) C (3 ) A (4 ) D (5 ) C【解析】【分析】主要讲了星期一，越野滑雪运动员满丹丹赢得了女子1.4公里个人短跑冠军，在2017的第八届亚洲冬季运动会上赢得了中国的第一枚金牌。细节题。根据 I was in good form today, said the 28 year-old girl after winning the title in the final round with 3 minutes an