内容文本100期生化system

1、Unit 12 Text ARespiratory SystemJ.R.Contents to be CoveredText A: Respiratory SystemAudiovisual: Fighting Flu by CDCWriting: Essay on a Given TopicVocabulary Builder (Language Chunks)Terminologybronchiole n. 细支气管bronch(i/o)- 支气管bronchitisbronchoconstrictionbronchospasmP236 L6Terminologyintercostal a

2、. 肋间的cost(o)- 肋，肋骨infracostalsubcostalcostalgiaP236 L8Terminologybronchiectasis n. 支气管扩张-ectasis 扩张，胀大esophagectasisTerminologyextracellular a. 细胞外的extra- 外，在外，额外extracardiacextraembryonicextrahepaticP238 L56Terminologyfibrosis n. 纤维变性，纤维化fibro- 纤维 -osis 过程，状态fibroadenomafibroblastP238 L72Terminolog

3、ystreptomycin n. 链霉素-mycin 霉素erythromycingentamycinTerminologynasopharynx n. 鼻咽nas(o)- 鼻nasogastricnasopharyngitisP236 L18Terminologyoropharynx n. 口咽or(o)- 口oraloronasalP236 L18Terminologypleurisy n. 胸膜炎pleur(o)- 胸膜pleuritispleurocentesis=thoracentesis胸腔 穿刺术Terminologydyspnea n. 呼吸困难-pnea 呼吸apneabra

4、dypneatachypneaP238 L70Terminologypneumococcal a. 肺炎球菌的pneum(a/o)- 肺；呼吸；气体pneumoniapneumothoraxArrange them in right order according to the route of air passing through during breathing.alveolar sactracheanostrilsbronchinasal cavitieslaryngopharynxnasopharynxoropharynxbronchiolealveolar ductAnatomy:

5、 The Right Ordernostrils nasal cavities nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sacAirway-upper airwayP236 L2- 3Airway-lower airwayP236 L3- 6diaphragm intercostal musclesP236 L6- 10Other essential organsLanguage Focus: Language VarietyThe upper airway

6、system comprises the nose and the paranasal cavities. The lower airway system consists of the larynx, the trachea, the stem bronchi, and P236 L2- 6NoseCommon Conditions Related to NoserhinalgiarhinitisrhinorrheasinusitisCommon Conditions Related to NoseWhat are their English equivalent?鼻子塞a congeste

7、d nose a stuffy nosenasal congestion流鼻涕a runny nose打喷嚏sneezing流鼻血 鼻衄（n）nosebleed epistaxis ,pstkssLanguage Focus: VarietyEach canal opens to the face by a nostril and into the pharynx by the choana.The intranasal space communicates with the paranasal sinuses. P236 L12 - 16Language focuscommunicate w

8、ithvia 通过与相通（P236L15）中耳腔通过咽鼓管与鼻腔后部相通。The middle ear space communicates via the Eustachian tube with the back part of the nasal cavity.P236 L15PharynxEpiglottisLanguage Focus: Simile & MetaphorAir from the nasal cavity flows into the larynx, and food from the oral cavity is routed to the esophagus di

9、rectly behind the larynx. The epiglottis functions as a lid to the larynx and, during the act of swallowing, controls the traffic of air and food.P236 L18 P237 L22LarynxAdams appleLanguage Focus The larynx serves a dual function: as an air canal to the lungs and a controller of its access, and as th

10、e organ of phonation.serve a dual function 具有双重作用(P237L24）生物膜具有双重作用，一方面它帮助菌落朝着营养源生长，同时又阻断其他竞争菌落。Biofilm serves a dual function: helping bacterial colonies grow toward resources and blocking out competing colonies.Trachea and Stem BronchiP237 L30 - 33Language Focus Below (Above/Behind/Before)lie 位于下面

11、（后面/前面）（P237L30）腹腔位于膈肌下面，其中包含消化器官、泌尿系统和生殖器官等。Below the diaphragm lies the abdominal cavity which contains the digestive organs, the urinary system, and reproductive organs, etc.P237 L30a proximal purely conducting zonea peripheral purely gas-exchanging zonea transitional zone in betweenP237 L35 - 37

12、Structure of the Airway TreeConducting zonetracheatwo stem bronchibronchibronchiolesP237 L38 - 40Structure of the Airway TreeGas-exchanging zonealveoli (alveolus)alveolar ducts alveolar sacsP237 L40 - 46Structure of the Airway TreeLanguage Focus: Position Termsa proximal, purely conducting zone, a p

13、eripheral, purely gas-exchanging zone, and a transitional zone in betweenthe terminal bronchiolesDistallyP237 L35- 46Lungs left lung and the right lungmediastinum inbetweenheart, major blood vessels, trachea with the stem bronchi, esophagus, and thymus glandcovered with serous membranesparietal pleu

14、ravisceral pleuraa thin film of extracellular fluid as lubricantP238 L48- 58Language Focus: 分叉？The organ lung is parted into the left lung and the right lung.At its lower end, the trachea divides in an inverted Y into the two stem (or main) bronchi, one each for the left and right lung.P238 L48P237

15、L32-33Commonly Seen Respiratory SymptomsCoughproductive cough (with sputum)the most important manifestationbronchitisnon-productive cough (dry cough)P238 L64 - 67Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms咯血hemoptysispresence of blood in the sputuman indication of the presence ofinflammationcapillary damagea

16、 tumora classic sign oftuberculosis of the lungsP238 L67 - 69Complications of Coughfatiguepneumomediastinumpneumothoraxsubcutaneous emphysemacough syncope syndromeCommonly Seen Respiratory SymptomsSupplement (1)P238 L64 - 67咳痰sputum production=?expectorationCharacters:mucoid: produced with many acut

17、e or chronic infectionspurulent: containing WBC pieces and necrotic tissue blood-stained: bleedingrusty: pneumococcal pneumoniaserous: alveolar carcinomawith special odorCommonly Seen Respiratory SymptomsSupplement (2)P238 L64 - 67Language focusA productive cough, cough producing sputum, is the most

18、 important manifestation of inflammatory orthe manifestation of 的表现该病的主要表现是肺部炎症和肺叶不张 （atelectasis）。The main manifestation of this condition is lung inflammation or atelectasis in the lobe of the lung.P238 L65 Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms呼吸困难dyspnea=？shortness of breathvarying in severityconsta

19、ntly present in emphysemasevere and unremitting dyspnea in severe fibrosis of the lungP238 L70 - 73Language focusThe shortness of breath may vary in severity, but in diseases such as emphysema, it is constantly present.vary in severity 严重程度不同湿疹（ Eczema ）是一种皮肤炎症，可发生于所有年龄段，并且严重程度不一。Eczema is a type of

20、 inflammatory skin condition which can affect all ages and can vary in its severity.P238 L71Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptomschest painan early symptom of lung diseasemost often associated with an attack of pneumoniadue to an inflammation of the pleura = ?pleurasy=?pleuritisP238 L74 - 76Major Respi

21、ratory DiseasesMatch the Two Columnspulmonary embolismTBbronchiectasisinfluenzabronchitispulmonary edemasilicosis and black lung diseasecommon coldasthmaCOPDwhooping cough (pertussis)pleurisypneumonialung cancer肺炎结核病慢阻肺硅肺病和黑肺病普通感冒流感百日咳哮喘支气管炎支气管扩张胸膜炎肺栓塞肺水肿肺癌Pneumoniabefore the availability of effecti

22、ve antibioticsthe most common formmanifestationscomplicationsP238 L89 P239 L85Pneumonia: SymptomsWatch the Video clip (symptoms of pneumonia).Can you tell the class the symptoms of pneumonia in your own words.P238 L89 P239 L85Tuberculosis TBWatch the Video Clip (Tuberculosis) and take notes on the f

23、ollowing questions.Q1: What is the cause of TB?Q2: How is TB transmitted?Q3: What are symptoms of TB?Now share your answers in the class.P239 L87 95Tuberculosis TBhistorically by far the most importantcaused by bacteriapulmonary inflammation at the apices of the lungs firstslowly forming a chronic c

24、avity in this regionstreptomycin as the first clinically successful antituberculous drugin the case of active tuberculosis disease, treated by the combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for a period of six months to a yearP239 L87 95Language FocusOf all the lung diseases ca

25、used by bacteria, pulmonary tuberculosis is historically by far the most important.In its classic form, tuberculosis first causes pulmonary inflammation at the apices of the lungs, and it may progress slowly to form a chronic cavity in this region.Most cases of tuberculosis infection are treated wit

26、h isoniazid. In the case of active tuberculosis disease, the combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol is often used for a period of six months to a year.P239 L87 - 88COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseWatch the video (COPD) and try to get information about the following aspects.NatureDefinitionPossible manifestationsP239 L97 - 100COPD: NatureP239 L97 - 100COPD: Definitionbroadly a group of conditions that cause irreversible respiratory impairment by increasing obstruction to airflow through the bronchi of the lungsa lung disease persistently poor airflow break