英国社会文化之福利制度ppt课件

1、British Welfare .What is welfare?The range of services that are provided to protect people in a number of conditions, including childhood, sickness and old age. .Models of welfare Residual welfare:It is directed towards and provided for the poor, for they can not manage living without help and assis

2、tance from the government such as money, food and other necessities. This used to be the dominant model in most English-speaking countries, largely owing to the spread of the ideas conveyed in the English Poor Law(1598-1948).Models of welfareSolidarityCommon action, mutual responsibility and shared

3、risks. Rights that people enjoy are particular rather than general; benefit that an individual can enjoy depends on his or her circumstances, work record or family relationships. It is not provided to the whole population. Some people are excluded from the network of family, friends, community and e

4、mployment.Models of welfareInstitutional welfareNeed is viewed as a normal part of social life. Welfare is provided for the population as a whole, in the same way as public services like roads or schools. Welfare is not just for the poor: it is for everyone.Models of welfareIndustrial performanceIt

5、is regarded and used as the so-called “handmaiden to the economy. It prepares and services the capacity of the workforce, which helps the employers. It serves as an economic regulator, which stimulates demand when production is low.Welfare in the worldUK and Sweden-Institutional.Extensive welfare co

6、verage and offers universal “minimum standards for all its citizens.FranceSolidaristicGermanWork oriented. USResidual welfare system.What is a Welfare State?It can be defined as a state with a government which assumes responsibility for the well-being of its citizens throughout life, through a range

7、 of interventions in the market economy.Three principles of welfare state:A guarantee of minimum standards, including a minimum income;Social protection in the event of insecurity;The provision of services at the best level possible.Who should pay for the system and who should benefit from it?Should

8、 all citizens benefit from such a welfare system or only a few of them can enjoy certain benefits?.Funds of British WelfareNational Insurance contributions General Taxation Value Added Tax (VAT) .Initially a contributory system of insurance against illness and unemployment, and later also provided r

9、etirement pensions and other benefits.National Insurance. National Insurance Contributions (NICs) people in work make payments towards benefits. The self-employed contribute partly by a fixed, weekly or monthly payment, and partly on a percentage of net profits above a certain threshold. .National I

10、nsurance NumberAssigned to each British citizen either before their 16th birthday or when they start work.Given to younger children for Child Benefit.To keep track of the individuals NIC and benefit.People need to supply their NI number in a range of circumstances. E.g. claim a benefit or tax credit

11、 or when they get a new job.People coming from overseas can also apply.General taxation such as income tax is paid by all people in work above a certain level of income. Value Added Tax (VAT).Components of British Welfare SystemSocial Security; Health;Housing; Education;Pension and children ( “perso

12、nal social service).Hospital care. Primary care: basic medical treatment and non-hospital care. G.P.Public health: Preventive aspects of health vaccination(接种疫苗) and health education. (a) Health.National Health Service (NHS)Core of British “welfare state Provides for every resident, regardless of in

13、come, a full range of medical services. All taxpayers, employers and employees contribute to its cost. Free service. .GPregistered with a general practitionerOne G.P. a list of people Visit a patient on the list that makes a request, or the patient would go to visit his G.P. at the appointed time. G

14、ive treatment, prescribe medicine; make arrangement for hospital or to be seen at home by a specialist. Without an address, it is generally impossible for them to register with a G.P.No one is liable to be charged by the National Health Service for treatment in an accident, emergency or for an infec

15、tious disease.(b) Housing82% of households live in houses rather than flats. 60% in France and 35% in Italy. Privately owned or provided by funds from the government.Semi-detached House.Semi-detached Houses. Detach House.Terraced House.Flats.FlatsLondon Flat1930sLawn Road Flats1933-1934.Different Te

16、nureSocial housingLocal authority housingHousing associationOwner occupationPrivate rental housing.HousingPrivate Sector HousingHousing BenefitsHelp with housing costs has always been part of the provision of the Welfare State, either for people on low incomes or for people unexpectedly or temporari

17、ly out of work through illness or unemployment. This benefit is administered by local government.Council Houses.Council Houses.Welfare at Present(c) Social Security For those who become unemployed, sick, or who are working on a low wage with a family to support, they may claim either job seekers all

18、owance, income support or working families tax credit. DSS processes these claims .Social insuranceIncome maintenanceUnemployment RetirementSupport to family (maternity and child)Payment to long-term sick and disabledSupport for widow.Welfare in China According to the Constitution, citizens have basic rights to social welfare. mainly targets at urban residents. Farmers, employees of township enterprises, and immigrants from the rural areas to urban areas, are basically not covered by the social welfare system.Current social welfare systemPensionmedical insuranceunemploy