高考英语介词用法详解

1、高考英语介词用法详解一、单项选择介词 Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree people view “ volunteer ” as an important social role.A by whichB to whichC in whichD from which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：另一项针对芝加哥医院302 名志愿者的研究集中在人们把“志愿者视为重要社会角色的程度上的个体差异上。分析句子可知，本

2、句是一个定语从句，其中先行词是 degree， to 与 degree 搭配，如：to some degree 在某种程度上，所以关系词在定语从句中作to 的宾语，因此要用to which 。故 B 项正确。 The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters their race or nationally.A regardless of B in spite ofC on account of D in charge of【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：志愿人员的目的是帮助灾难的受害者，不管他们的种族或国籍。 A. rega

3、rdless of 不管，不顾；B. in spite of 尽管； C. on account of 因为； D. in charge of负责。故选A。Modern zoos should shoulder more social responsibility social progress andawareness of the public.A in light ofB in favor ofC in honor ofD in praise of【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：现代的动物园应该根据社会的进步和公众的意识来承担更多的社会责任。 A. in light

4、 of 根据，鉴于；B. in favor of 有利于，支持；C. in honor of 为了纪念；D. inpraise of 歌颂，为赞扬。此处表示根据，故选A。A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics A againstB beforeC beyondD without【答案】D【解析】介词辨析。句意：不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行系统地研究的。against：反对，违反； before：在之前，先于； beyond：超过；越过； without :没有； 在外面。选Do考

5、点：介词介词短语 （北京）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will betrees that are over 1,000 years old.A amongB againstC behindD below【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词。句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against反对； be behind 在后面； be below 在之下。根据句意，故选A。【点睛】对于介词辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意

6、是解答此类题目的关键，其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查，学生在平时的学习中要勤 积累，多记忆，多多积累，以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出，还有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。（天津卷）The dictionary is : many words have been added to the language since itwas published.A out of controlB out of dateC out of sightD out of reach【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来，很多单词被添加到这种语

7、言 中。A. out of control 失去控制；B. out of date 过时的；C. out of sight 看不见的；D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意，故选B。【点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+ 名词搭配，但是意思都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the languagesince it was published. 可以确定是“过时的 ”。These comments came s

8、pecific questions often asked by local newsmen.A in memory ofB in response toC in touch withD in possession of【答案】B【解析】【分析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. inmemory of 纪念， B. in response to 回应， C. in touch with 联系， D. in possession of 拥有。分 析句子成分知道空格处为介词短语起连接状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B.

9、 in response to 回应。【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式，本句另外还含有一个过去分词(asked bylocal newsmen )作定语的用法。【详解】请在此输入详解！【点睛】请在此输入点睛！When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster ,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger m

10、en.A in terms ofB in need ofC in favor ofD in praise of【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当被问及对校长的看法时，许多老师宁愿看到他站在一边，支持较年轻的人。A. in terms of就 而言，从 而论；B. in need of需要；C. in favor of支持，拥护；D. in praise of称赞，表扬。根据句意分析，C项符合题意。故选 C项。Before leaving the house, an expression of thanks to the host would be.in preparation

11、 B . in placein possession D. in particular【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查词组。 A. in preparation 在准备中； B. in place适当白C; C. in possession占有，持有;in particular尤其，特另1J。句意：在离开家之前，要向主人表达感谢。结合句意可知答案为BoHe was offered a position at the local church school,he went to the Cambridge.A. after whenB. since whichC. after whichD. si

12、nce when【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词+关系代词形式定语从句。句意：他被授予了一个在当地教堂的职务，在这件事后他便去了佥U桥。后文发生在He was offered a position at the local church school 之后，故用after,指代前句整件事，应用关系代词which ,故选aRose was wild with joy the result of the examination.A. toB. atC. byD. as【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：罗斯对考试的结果欣喜若狂。A. to至ij; B. at因为；C. by通过；D.

13、as作为。固定短语：be wild with joy at.因为一而欣喜若狂”。故选B。I am always delighted when receiving your invitation,the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend.A. On account ofB. With regard toC. In response toD. In view of【答案】B【解析】【详解】 TOC o 1-5 h z 考查介词词组辨析。A.

14、On account of 由于，因为；B. With regard to 关于，至于；C. Inresponse to 对 有反应；D. In view of 鉴于，考虑到。句意：收到您的邀请我总是很高兴，关于6 月 9 日高考后的晚会，我很乐意参加。结合句意可知答案为B。- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.- With so much work my mind, I ll almost.A filling; break upB filled; break outC filled; break offD filling

15、; break down【答案】D【解析】试题分析: break up 驱散，放假 “”， break out “爆发 ”， break off 折断，中止 “”； break down “出故障，身体垮掉”。第一空是“with宾语+宾补”结构，在此结构中宾语work和动词fill是主动关系，用现在分词，排除 B、C选项，再根据语境可知答案选Do句意：快点，请告 TOC o 1-5 h z 诉我有关这项工程的一些意见。”“ 对不起，我满脑子都是工作，我快垮掉了。”考点：考查非谓语动词和短语辨析。Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usua

16、lly does push-ups too to stay .A in placeB in orderC in shapeD in fashion【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。A. in place 在适当的位置；B. in order 按顺序；C.in shape 处于良好状态；健康；D. in fashion 流行，时兴。句意：汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持良好身体。故C正确。考点：考查介词短语辨析及语境理解On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced that the number of p

17、eople killed by Ebola has now risen to over five thousand, with more than fourteen thousand .A having infectedB to infectC infectedD infecting【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查with 的复合结构。With+ 宾语+宾补，宾语补足语可以是不定式（表将来），过去分词（表被动或完成），现在分词（表主动或进行）。主句时态为一般过去时，动作已完成。句意：世界卫生组织宣布因埃博拉病毒致死的人数截止上周三达到了五千多人，并有超过一万四千人感染病毒。故选C。考点：考查w

18、ith 的复合结构The Christmas gifts need to be ready next Friday.A byB ofC inD at【答案】A【解析】在表示时间时，by表示到为止；of表示所有关系；in表示在一个时间范围；at表示在几点钟。句意：到下周五为止，圣诞礼物需要准备好。结合语境可知选A。Britain is a second-rate power which has been for a century yet Londonremains the most influential city in the world.A in declineB in effectC o

19、n the moveD on the rise【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查词组。in decline 一般是数量上的，如销售额下降，战争减少。但也指“国家衰落 ”等； in effect 有效，实际上，事实上；on the move 在行动，在移动中，在进步中，流动； on the rise 在上涨增长，蓬勃高涨。句意：虽然英国作为曾经的第二大帝国已经衰落了将近一个世纪，但是伦敦仍然是世界上最有影响力的城市。故选A 项。考点：考查词组The train is schedule. You ll have to wait another fifteen minutes.A in B behindC across D off TOC o 1-5 h z 【答案】B【解析】考查介词。A. in在里面；B. behind在 后面；C. across穿过；D. off离开。句意：火车晚点了，你必须再等十五分钟。behind schedule 晚点；落后于预定计划；误期；误点。根据语境可知，故选B。We didnt travel much during the holiday, becau