儿童牙科学课件：颅骨生长发育-七年制

1、Growth and Development ofCraniofacial Structures and DentitionsCHAPTER IVOverviewGrowth and developmental stages and their characteristics(了解)Impact factors of growth and development(了解)Growth and development of craniofacial skeleton(掌握)Development of teeth and occlusion(重点)Basic Concepts of Human G

2、rowthGrowth disposition is similar for all healthy individuals;Different body parts increase in length at different rates;The overall potential for growth is determined primarily by intrinsic or genetic factors;The extent to which an individual attains his or her potential for growth is determined p

3、redominantly by extrinsic or environmental factors.- Mcdonald and Averys Dentistry for the Child and Adolesecnt, 10th editionGrowth and developmental stagesTable 4-1 Age stages Growth and developmental stages Age groupFetus period040 weeksNeonatal periodBorn4 weeksInfancy period4 weeks1 yearToddler

4、period13 yearsPreschool age3 years6-7 yearsSchool age6-7 yearspreadolescenceAdolescent periodgirl 11-12 years17-18 yearsboy 13-14 years18-20 yearsCharacteristics of growth and developmental stagesFetus：040 weeks4 weeks: differentiation of ectoderm、 endoderm and mesoderm 6 weeks: dental lamina of pri

5、mary teeth arise7-8 weeks: facial processes merge 16 weeks: permanent teeth germ begin to form20 weeks: sucking reflexmost easily affected by genetic and environmental factorsCharacteristics of growth and developmental stagesNeonatal period：Born4 weeksnew environmenta series of changes in physiologi

6、cal functionarrest line/neonatal lineepithelial pearlCandida albicans infection Characteristics of growth and developmental stagesInfancy period:4 weeks1 yeargrowth rate very fastsufficient nutrient is neededlow immunityprimary teeth erupt at six monthshard tissue of permanent teeth begins to form a

7、nd start calcificationnutritional disorders or diseases cause slow eruption and enamel hypoplasia Characteristics of growth and developmental stagesToddler period: 13 yearsgrowth rate slows downa time of great cognitive, emotional and social developmentall primary teeth erupt around 3 years oldhigh

8、risk of early childhood caries(ECC) cultivate good habit of oral hygiene and food intakepreventive caries and primary teeth trauma Characteristics of growth and developmental stagesPreschool age: 3 years6-7 yearsthe brain increases from 70% of its adult to 90% between the ages 2 and 6ask “why” and b

9、uilt relationship with othersallergic diseasehigh incidence of caries at 5 years old Characteristics of growth and developmental stagesSchool age: 6-7yearspreadolescencebrain development has no signifficant difference with adults.important stage for learningmouth breathing malocclusionmixed dentitio

10、n Characteristics of growth and developmental stagesAdolescent period:girl 11-12 years17-18 yearsboy 13-14 years18-20 yearsprepubescencepubescencepostpubescence Scammon growth curveThe relationship between organ system development and age lymphoid type neural type general type genital typeImpact fac

11、tors of growth and developmentthe main determinant of growth track、feature、potential and trendgenetic related-metabolism deficiency, dysendocrinism and chromosomal abnormalityDentinogenesis imperfecta、anodontiasystymic genetic diseases: ectodermal dysplasia, palmoplantar keratoderma, cleft of lip an

12、d palategenetic factorsImpact factors of growth and developmentthe main determinant of the extent to which an individual attains his or her potential for growthprenatal enviroment: maternal conditionpostnatal enviroment: family, economic situation, social factors, illness, climate and so on.envirome

13、ntal factorsThe basic tissue types and functioning spaces that comprise the head and face are subject to growth timing differences.Growth of primary cartilage and functioning spaces has a directing influence on craniofacial pattern change.Mandibular condylar cartilage, craniofacial sutures, and appo

14、sitional-resorptive bone change facilitate pattern growth of the head and face.Growth of the head and face tends to demonstrate relative equivalency.Growth and development of craniofacial skeletonCraniofacial growth principles- Mcdonald and Averys Dentistry for the Child and Adolesecnt, 10th edition

15、Different parts of the craniofacial complex grow at different times.Differences in growth size, direction, velocity, and timing are observed among individuals.The heads and faces of no two humans are exactly the same.Growth and development of craniofacial skeletonBasic Concepts of Craniofacial Growt

16、h - Mcdonald and Averys Dentistry for the Child and Adolesecnt, 10th editionGrowth and development of craniofacial skeletonThe proportion of head in the body Growth and development of craniofacial skeleton8：1 1:1Relative size of calvarial bones towards facial bones from infancy to teenagerAge(after

17、born)Rapid growth period7 months1st: primary tooth begin to erupt47 years2nd: primary dentition establish occlusion; the 1st permanent molar begin to erupt1113 years3rd: finish alternation between primary dentition and permanent dentition; the 2nd permanent molar begin to erupt1619 years4th: permanent dentition form and establish occlusion.Cranium growthintramembranous ossific