电气工程及其自动化专业专业英语-词-转换增译省译课件

1、2022/7/251词的翻译词类的转换词的增译和省译重复法2022/7/252词类的转换英汉两种语言在词汇的使用上有很大不同。汉语多使用动词，科技英语多使用名词；英语有许多名词派生的动词，及由名词转用的动词；汉语里形容词可做谓语，英语里形容词只能用作定语词类转换主要分为以下几种情况：转译成汉语动词转译成汉语名词转译成 汉语形容词转译成汉语副词2022/7/253名词转译成汉语动词一些含有动作意义的名词可以转译成动词，如attempt，use，support，love；或是由动词派生出来的名词，如arrangement，acquaintance, operation, arrival等。The

2、flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 电子从负极流向正极I have no objection to your plan. 我不反对你们的计划2022/7/254形容词转译成汉语动词一些表示心理活动、心理状态和含有动词意义的形容词常常可以转译成汉语动词。如：aware，ignorant，careful，familiar，available等。It is desirable to transform high voltage into low voltage by means

3、 of a transformer in an AC system. 我们希望通过交流系统中的变压器把高压电变为低压电。We should be aware of the whole circumstances. 我们应该摸清(掌握)全部情况2022/7/255介词转译成汉语动词英语中很多介词在古英语中曾是动词。在翻译时也常把它们转译成汉语的动词。The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force. 通常用字母E表示电动势In any machine, input work equals output plus work done aga

4、inst friction. 任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上克服摩擦力所做的功2022/7/256动名词转译成汉语动词Changing the resistance is a method of controlling the flow of current. 改变电阻是控制电路中电流流动的一种方法The causes of these failures are far from clearing. 这些故障的原因远没有弄清楚2022/7/257动词转译成汉语名词 Neutrons act differently from protons. 中子的作用不同于质子An electron or

5、an atom behaves in some ways as though it were a group of waves. 电子或原子的性状多少有点像一组波2022/7/258代词转译成汉语名词The voltage induced in the core is small, because it is essentially a winding having but one turn.铁芯的感应电压小，因为铁芯实质上是一个只有一匝的绕组This means the permittivity of oil is greater than that of air.这就意味着油的介电系数大于

6、空气的介电系数2022/7/259形容词转译成汉语名词Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.电视和无线电的区别在于电视发送和接收的是图像A body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly elastic.能完全恢复并复原到原始尺寸的物体称为完全弹性体2022/7/2510副词转译成汉语名词Such magnetism, because it is ele

7、ctrically produced, is called electromagnetism.由于这种磁性产生于电，所以称为电磁.The device is shown schematically in Fig 2.图2是这种装置的简图2022/7/2511名词转译成汉语形容词Thus, the addition of the inductor prevents the current from building up or going down quickly.这样，增加的电感器阻止电流的快速增长或下降The electric conductivity has great importanc

8、e in selecting electrical materials. 在选择电气材料时导电性是很重要的。2022/7/2512副词转译成汉语形容词Gases conduct best at low pressure.气体在低压下导电性能最佳 This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.这种通讯系统的主要特点是操作简单2022/7/2513动词转译成汉语形容词Light waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do.同声波

9、一样，光波也有不同的频率2022/7/2514转译成汉语副词The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes.这种语言能简要地表达算术和逻辑过程The added device will ensure accessibility for part loading and unloading.增添这种装置将保证工件装卸方便2022/7/2515词义的增减英汉两种语言的表达方式是不同的。在句子结构不完整，含义不明确或词汇概念不清晰时，就需要对语意加以补足。而如果有些词在译文中不言而喻，就要省略一些不

10、必要的词，使得译文更加简炼，严谨。增译根据语义根据原文语法概念根据汉语表达习惯省译：冠词、介词、动词、代词、连词、同义或近义词2022/7/2516根据语义增译原文如果无其词，但有其义时，翻译时应该增加相应的词语。The molecules get closer and closer with the pressure.随着压力的增加，分子越来越接近Glass is fragile, therefore it should be handled carefully.因为玻璃易碎，所以要轻拿轻放。2022/7/2517根据原文语法概念而增译英语的名词复数，动词时态、语气和连词等概念可以通过增译在

11、汉语中体现出来。After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena.观察数年之后（经过数年的观察），他发现了许多重要的现象。Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来可以防止的。2022/7/2518根据原文语法概念而增译(续)Were there no electric pressure in a conductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.导体

12、内如果没有电压，就不会产生电子流动现象If they should not get the data, they would not know and solve the problem.如果他们没有得到这些数据，他们就不可能弄明白这个问题，更不能解决这个问题。2022/7/2519为符合汉语表达习惯而增译These motors are expensive, but good.这批马达很贵，但质量很好2022/7/2520词的省译英语句子中需要的词，汉语句子中不一定需要。为使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，应将一些汉语中不该出现的词省略不译，这就是所谓的省译法。英语中的冠词、代词和连词在译文中往往可

13、以省略。在某些情况下，介词、动词，名词也可以省译同义词或近义词的省译2022/7/2521省译冠词冠词：a, an, theA transistor is a device controlling the flow of electricity in a circuit晶体管是在电路中控制电流的器件Hence the unit of electric current is the ampere.因此，电流的单位是安培2022/7/2522省译代词代词：one, this, that, these, those One can never be too careful in ones work.

14、工作越仔细越好If you permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.电流通过的时间越长，产生的热量越多2022/7/2523省译连词Early people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset.古人日出而作，日落而息。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。2022/7/2524省译介词On May 2 , he had an experiment on this kind circuit.5月2号，他就这

15、种电路做了个实验This light bulb has a resistance of 120 ohms.这个灯泡电阻为120欧姆2022/7/2525省译动词This diode produces about nine times more radiant power than that one. 这只二极管的放射功率比那只大八倍Copper wire allows a larger current to flow than does iron wire与铁丝相比，铜丝能通过的电流更大。2022/7/2526省译名词This method is the most widely used me

16、thod of P-N junction formation in the fabrication of function electric blocks. 在制造功能块时，最广泛使用的便是这种P- N 结形成方法。2022/7/2527省译同义或近义词The mechanical energy can be changed backed into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo.通过发电机可把机械能再转变成电能Insulators in reality conduct electricity but, neverthel

17、ess, their resistance is very high.绝缘体实际上也导电，只是其电阻相当高而已。2022/7/2528重复法为使译文更加生动、有力，常常会在译文中重复重要或关键性的词语，称为重复法。重复法不同于增译法：增译法是根据需要增补新的词语重复法是在重复原文中已出现过的词语重复译法主要有以下几种情况：名词的重复动词的重复代词的重复根据汉语表达需要重复2022/7/2529名词的重复The weight of a neutron is about the same as a proton.中子的重量和质子的重量差不多相等The three most important ef

18、fects of an electric current are beating, magnetic and chemical effects.对电流来说，三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应2022/7/2530动词的重复All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms.一切物体都是由分子组成，而分子又是由原子组成的。We can turn electric energy into light energy as well as into heat energy.我们不但能把电能转化为光能，也能转化为热能。2022/7/2531代词的重复People like drinking green tea and it is helpful to human health.人们喜欢喝绿茶，绿茶对人的健康有益You can take whiche