sat美国历史Um一月的美史出分了我很不幸只有770因为容错率高这个分

1、导言：Um一月的美史出分了，我很不幸只有 770（因为容错率很高这个分很低= =），但是还算可以接受了，下面这份资料是给我提供了最大帮助的一份资料，我觉得认真看完起码可以达到 700-750，原文是我在文库里找到的，我根据个人的知识进行了增补，同时修正了少量错误文中加粗的部分是我补的，大概占百分之五多一些。凡是有错误的地方我加了下划线并在后面括号中写了修正（两处），因为时间很紧，修正还不是很到位：Nixon 之后的部分我来得及细看，Civil War 之前的也只是简单加了一点点，要是之后有时间我再来完成这个工作对了还有就是因为文学没考好（没上 750）就不给大家写 guide 了，之前那个其实

2、毫无帮助的版本在这里（其实当时我考完就是想黑一下cb 而已）：祝大家人人 800 分，个个有 offer！U.S. History Chronicle本文为 SATIIColleg历史知识的 SATII 考生使用。内容主要来自文库。历史复习提纲，供已经有粗浅的 American Pageant。首发此提纲里的每一个字母都是由本人亲自打成，是我几乎全部的历史知识。本人SATII历史历史而非750 分，因此质量上有相当的保证。欢迎给所有有需要的考生。SATII 中能选择数理化本身，就已经是实力和决心的体现。但是，因此也请尊重劳动成果，时请保留此段，谢谢！希望这篇提纲能对Ivy. Z /守望者 R有

3、所帮助。祝大家都来分来钱来 OFFER！解读：时代特征轴心级标志事件二级标志事件（但要高分也最好记住） 人名Part A. Pre-U.S. eraPro Columbian Era (_-1500)Native Americans: Incas (Peru), Mayans (Central America), Aztecs (Mexico), Anasazi (southwest), Iroquois (northeastern)Columbian exchange: change in flora and fauna betn Europe and America: tobacco, m

4、aize, beans,tomatoes in America, animals, sugars, diseases in Europe.Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain for America, Portugal for Africa, decided by PopeBattle of Acoma: fought betn Spanish and Pueblons; Spaook New MexicoPopes rebellion:n uprising to Spanish Catholic misary b/c they suppreatives, the righ

5、ts ofns thereof were pafter the rebellion quelledIroquois Confederacy: a council of elders of 5-6 tribes of Iroquois nationproblemst met peacefully for settlingEnglish SettlementsRoanoke Island & Newfoundland:colonies for England, but then failed b/c people vanishedVirginia: started by Virginia Comp

6、any; mainly grows tobacco (but not spur slavery)John Smith: the young adventurer in VirginiaPocahontas: daughter ofhatant improved relations betn colony andns& Second Anglo-hatan War: crushedns to get more landBacons rebellion: small indentured servants rebelled against bad conditions (let southerne

7、rs considerslaves instead), criticalurning southerners to slaveryMaryland (former ChesAct of Toleration: letake): haven for Catholics, but later too muchants tolerate Catholics hereants; also tobaccoWest Indies: way sion to mainland America, growing sugars with many slaves Barbados slave code: denyi

8、ng even fundamental rights of slavesCarolinas: growing rice (also slavery)North Carolina:ers to Carolina (“squatters”) without legal right to SC soilGeia: buffer colony with Spain, asylum for debteesPlymouth: established by Separatists / Pilgrims (most radical Puritans) from MayflowerMayflower Compa

9、ct: establishing a crudeconstitutionernment dominated by majorities;precedent for writtenMassachusetts Bay Colony: largest English settlement with moderate Puritans-Christian adults with properties had right to voteAnne Hhin: proing antinomianism against predestinationConnecticut & New Haven: expand

10、ed colonies from Mass. BayFundamental Orders: in effect a modern constitutionPequot War: the war tons afternksgiving when they started to use colonists landRhode Island: Baptist Roger Williams established it; free of religion & friendly tons-Roger Williams used to be a poplar puritan minister, but l

11、ater challenged authority for bad treatment tons and its regulatioreligious behavior, so he was banishedNew York & New Jersey: former Dh colonies (New Netherland); later taken by English, thrived afterthe cwas builtPennsylvania: established by Quaker Willienn; equal rights (even tons) and religion f

12、reedomBlue laws: laws in Pennt forbid stage play, cards, etcDelaware & New Jersey: also has QuakersColonial lifeRoyal African Company: selling slaves through middle passage NW / SC slave revolt: last struggle for slaves before humiliationCongregational Church: church for puritansHalf-way Covenant: g

13、ranting half rights, including baptism, to some (meaning the decline o ition of church thereof)Salem Witch Trials: (Later the play Crucible likened the red scare to the witch trials)ith of theGreat Awakening: a series ofant religious revivals with Calvinism (led by: Jonan Edwards,Gee Whitefield)Paxt

14、on Boys & Regulator Movement: Scot-Irish insurrections to colonialZenger Trial: freedom of press as long as its trueernmentsColonials before IndependenceKing Williams & Queen Annes war: British vs. FrenchWar of Jenkinss Ear (King Gees War): British vs. SpanishFrench andn War (Seven Years War): start

15、ed by border ies; British beat French and took Canada& Ohio Valley; was acknowledged because Gee Washington, a American, served asutenant(a relatively decisivet)Fort Duquesne: where WashingtonlosesAlbany Congress:try, launched by Frlin, to unite colonies for defense and Iroquois support;rejected by

16、both colonies and Parliament; led by Thomas Jefferbut summoned by Britishn settlement to avoidProclamation of 1763: banning colonists westward expanthitherNavigation Laws: lead American merchant ship to Englandon the ground of mercantilismfors; later being “salutary neglected”, an actOther British a

17、cts: Sugar Act, Sttroops)Act, Townshend Acts (all three taxes), Quartering Act (feed British-imporion Agreement: made by StAct Congress toof Liberty & Committees of correspondence: colonial groups to resist Parliament policies & to inform other colonies and public the British violationsDeclaratory A

18、ct: Parliament to reaffirm its right to bind colonies in all cases by any meanston Massacre: riot intonar 5, 1770 betntonians and British soldiers-John Adams as defenders of soldiers in courtton Tea Party: dumto pay tax to rescue it olerable Acts: punishteas from EastCompanyt is near bruptcy and req

19、uires colonistston: no trades, no town meetings, no home privacy & security; soldiers canlly named Coercive Actsuse; was offiContinental Congress: led by John AdamsThe Assotion: calling for complete boycott on British goods but not independence Galloway Plan of Union: for a national assembly led by

20、a royally appoedAmerican branch of Parliament; rejected in congress Second Continental Congress:Olive Branch Petition: professing loyalty to crown & begging for peace; rejected by King GeDeclaration of Independence: written by Jefferto serve ase IIIMTreaty: declaring only commerl connection with for

21、eignCommon Sense: written by Thomas Paine, for “erning from the consent of theerned”John Locke: proconsented by itsed the theoretical basis for independence by sernedingt legits are the onesArmed neutrality: the attitude of European countries to BritainTreaty of Fort Stanwix: allying withnsLexington

22、 and Concord:few shots for War; nearton(before Olive Branch Petition)Bunker Hill: a place where Americans won atBattle of Long Island (where Washington retreats); Battle of Trenton (attack off-guard Hessians inChristmas); Brandywine (won);Battle of Saratoga: key battlet bring Franceo help Americans;

23、 also latoland, Germany, SpainBattle of Yorktown:of the warHessians: European mercenaries hired by Britishindependence, irriing and urging Americans toTreaty of Paris of 1783: the end; granting Ohio Valley, fishing rights in New England, loyalists rightprotected, still pay debtsConfederation years (

24、1776-1790)Articles of Confederation: essentially a loose attach betn individual ses-ses sovereignty: currency, armies and navies, tariff barriers & navigations; only pay required“share” for central use-Congress: settle common problems & foreign airly; no regulating commerce & iming taxes;only advise

25、 and advocate (noer); single vote for each se;-results: anarchy, slow prosperity, threatened by neighborsNorthwest Territory: ( the only great contribution attributed to the Confederation)Land Ordinance of 1785: land there to be sold to pay national debtNorthwest Ordinance of 1787: allowing ses to b

26、e formed & admitted by CongressShays Rebellion: Mass. small farmer against tax; readily suppressed by se authorities, urged senate tocrystallize a more centralizedernmentVirginia Sute for Religious Freedom: prohibit se support on religious institutions and recognizefreedom of worship; proed by Thoma

27、s Jeffer; helped theocracy segregation in other sesPhiladelphia Conference (1789): to establish a new Federal Constitution-was held secret to avoid outside prere; prevent slavery discusuntil 1808-Congress can impeach a/justice for “high crimes or misdemeanors”, can navigationVirginia Plan: bicameral

28、 Congress based on populationNew Jersey Plan: unicameral Congresst every se has equal voteGreat Compromise: Senate each se two votes; House of Represenives population-based Three-fifth Compromise: blacks = 3/5 vote, justified slaveryFederalists: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Frlin, James

29、Madi(later Demo-Republic)The Federalist: a book of essays written by them to persuade people support ConstitutionAntifederalists: Thomas Jeffer, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee-fear bigernment; protect pooreople & debtors; want pr moneyPart B. Launching EraGee Washington (1789-1796)-O

30、ffice:Secretary of Se: Thomas JefferSecretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton-increase national debt; pay debts at face value; take se debts (amption) (make Southern sesangry, so capitals in Virginia); excise taxes and tariffs; Bof United SesJudiry Act of 1789: creating Supreme Courtt Constitution d

31、efinedBill of Rights:ten Amendments, about the rights people can haveFrench Revolution: later French in war with Britain and SpainNeutrality Proclamation: proclamation by Washington to remain neutralto aide France, their old allyhe war despite peoples willJays Treaty: with Britain; okay relationship

32、, bPinckneys Treaty: Spains offer from fear oannot stlo-Americritainslyn supportWhiskey Rebellion: rebel against excise tax on whiskyBattle ollen Timbers: Miami confederacy battle with US and British refused to helpnsTreaty of Greenville:ns cede Ohio with US paymentsWashingtons Farewell Address: eve

33、ryone two terms; reaffirmed the principle of neutralityJohn Adams (1797-1800)-not popular (forthright & honesty)XYZ Air: French diplomat ask for huge bribery; angered AmericansConvention of 1800: restoring relationship; end war allianince Revolution warAn and Sedition Acts: send back “troublesome” f

34、oreigners; silence the anti-wordsVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Jeffer& Madis; “ses can refuse unconstitutional laws” or“the ses individually have the right to decide the constitutionality of a lassed by centralernment”Thomas Jeffer(1800-1808)-Revolution of 1800 (Anti-federalists); many labor me

35、n get vote-reversing An & Sedition Acts & Hamiltons exercise tax & expanin national debtJudiry Act of 1801: Adams adding “midnight judges” to Supreme CourtJohn Marshall (the longest-living Federalist in) court:Marbury v. Madi: establish the principle of “judil review”; Supreme Cours the final author

36、ityto determine constitutionalityMcCulloch v. Maryland: US Bconstitutional and se cannot tax itCohens v. Virginia: Supreme Court can review se courts deciabouter;Gibbons v. Ogden: only Congress regulateserse commerce;Fletcher v. Peck & Dartmouth College v. Woodward: property rights & business indepe

37、ndenceLouisiana Purchase: Napoleon wants focus on Europe and thus sold Louisiana to America at anunbevably low price, Jefferpassed immediayviolated his own principle of constitution to have the treatyLouis and Clark Expedition: find water route, friendship with War with Tripoli (1801-1805): against

38、pirates in NorfricaBurr Treatrialns, making maps-the one impeded by Hamilton in 1800 election and killed Hamilton in a duel; also a DemocraticRepublicanOrders in Council & Impressment: Britishs lawt closes French Seaports & forcing sailors to enlistChesake Air: British navy fire on this American shi

39、p; caused EmbargoEmbargo Act (1807): no foreign trade at all; hurt Americans moren BritishWest Africa Squadron: British navy attacked slavery trade ships after it abolished slavery in 1807James Madi(1808-1816)-ercourse Act: repealed Embargo Act, remaining only British and FrenchMacons Bill No. 2: ei

40、ther Britain or France trade restored if it repeals its attack on American ships-Napoleon (falsely) followed, but US must goWar Hawks: those who want a war withns and British, including Henry Clay, John CalhounBattle of Tippecanoe: last try of Iroquois Confederacy, by Tecumsehs attempt to unite trib

41、es; madeHarriwar heroWar of 1812 with BritainBattle of New Orleans: one large victory; made Andrew Jackwar hero“The Star-Spangles Banner”: comed for the survival of Fort McHenryaryland by Francis KeyTreaty of Ghent:ing treatyt remains sus quo for the two; signed in BelgiumHartford Convention: New En

42、gland Federalists last grasp-finanl assistance; against embargo & war; no three-fifths; single term, once proedseTariff of 1816:protective tariffAmerican System: strong bing, protective tariff & transporion network; proed by Henry ClaySlave trade outlawed by CongressJames Monroe (1816-1824)-the Era

43、of Good Feelings: one party era (Democratic-Republican)Rush-Bagot agreement: limiting navy force on the lakes; fixing border to 49th parallel Anglo-American Convention: share fishing resource in NewfoundlandPanic of 1819Land Act of 1820: allow cheap purchase in westTallmadge Amendment: passed by Hou

44、se to ban more slavesissouri and free new-born blacksMissouri Compromise: Northern to the line, only Missouri has slavery; in exchange Maine was free American Colonization Society: a society worked to turn African slaves back to AfricaRepublic of Liberia: the country they established and sent freed

45、slaves to; called Monrovia then (BTW Lincoln, the Lincoln, was a supporter of this plan instead of a suffragist for blacks, he bevedblacks are inferior to whites)Florida Purchase: Andrew Jackthere until Congress offiwent in and killed revoltingns (supported by Americans), stayinglly took it overRuss

46、o-American treaty: fixing northern borders wilaskaMonroe Doctrine:colonization &ervention to conservative Europe (protecting existedindependent Latin countries); supported by BritishJohn Quincy Adams (1824-1828) (National Republican)-party c: National vs. Democratic Republicans; also unpopular; good

47、 diplomatCorrupt Bargain: (it is said) Henry Clay helpempresidency b/c dislike JackTariff of 1828 (“Tariff of Abominations”): a high tariffAndrew Jack-war(1828-1836)New Orleans & Florida; “common touch” (in fact large planion owner)Spoil System: Jack granting much office to supporters, latrevailed d

48、uring the gilded ageNullification Crisis: SC rejected the Tariff of 1832 (not much loweredinvade SCn 1828); Jackthreatened toCompromise Tariff of 1833: proed by Henry Clay to stop Jacks soldiersForce Bill: passed altogether in 1833 to authorize army use on tariff dutiesn Removal Act: removing them t

49、o Oregon through the “trial of tears” despite the courtpport ofthensBlack Hawk War: resistors bloodily crushedBWar: Jackveto the extenof US BSpecie Circular: all public lands purchased by hard money; proed to reduce inflationWhig Party: all Jacks enemies, afterwards formed the modern Republic PartyN

50、at Turner slave rebellion: an armed uprising in Virginia, in which slaved rebelled and killed every whitethey saw; later suppressed and hangedAmerican Antislavery Society: led by William Lloyd GarriThe Liberator: published by Garrifor antislaveryBlack abolitionists: David Walker (Appeal to the Color

51、ed Citizens of the World), Frederick DouglassMartin Van Buren (1836-1840) (Democrats)-appoed by JackPanic of 1837: the consequence of BWar & disastersIndependent Treasury: national finanl assets separated from marketTexas Republic: won independence from Mexico in 1836; recognized by US laterAroostoo

52、k War: with Britao fix the Maine borderGag Resolution: Southerners drivet required all antislavery appeals to be tabled without debate;Quincy Adams fought 8 years to repeal itAmistad slave revolt: rebelling aboard the Spanish slave ship Amistad, but later driven ashore to LongIsland; Quincy Adams se

53、cured their freedom in front of Supreme Court wimoving speechWilliam Henry Harri(1840) dead after 4ksJohn Tyler (1841-1844) (Whigstechnically)-without a party; technically Whigs, but not so WhigsTariff of 1842: raise back to pre-1833 tariffWebster-Ashburton Treaty: after Aroostook War, fixing border

54、s and oping slavery togetherJames Polk (1844-1848) (Democratic-Republican)-slogan: Manifest Destiny (“American democracy all over the hemisphere”); Clay defeated by a margin of a small Liberty Partys absorbed votesTexas annexation : Irried MexicoWalker Tariff: lowern WhigsOregon Dispute:Mexican warw

55、anted 54N (part of Polks slogan), but eventually 49NCalifornia Bear Flag Republic: the rebelled nation supported by American officers and John Fremont Battle of Buena Vista: General Zachary Taylor was made heroTreaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo: Mexico recognized Texas annexation & ceded California to USW

56、ilmot Proviso: amendmentnever Senatet no slavery exists from former Mexico regions; twice passed in House butZachary Taylor (1848-1850d) (Whigs)California Gold Rush: short after California became AmericasFree Soil Party: an antislavery third party arguingt slavery limit opportunity for free laborMil

57、lard Fillmore (1850-1852)Underground Railroad: help black slaves to esc Compromise of 1850-proed by Henry Clay (Whig leader), John Calhoun (“Great Nulifier”, promoter of slavery), DanielWebster; aided by Fillmore while Taylor oped to it-North: California free, District of Columbia free-South: Mexica

58、nfugitive-slave lawterritories decided by popular sovereignty, $10mil for Texas, stricterFugitive Slave Law of 1850: high penalty for anygetting runaways back; strengthened antislavery causeho aid slaves and demand all officers to helpFrPierce (1852-1856) (Democrat)Clayton-Bulwer Treaty: with Britao

59、 ban eithers exclusive control over isthmian waterwayOstend Manifesto: ask SpaOpium Waro give aid to Cuba, or US will take it (proed by Southerners)Treaty of Wanghia: with China for rights and privilegesTreaty of Kanagawa: with Japan for coaling rights and consular relationsGadsden Purchase: littlec

60、e under New Mexico to build Southern Pacific RailroadKansas-Nebraska Act: popular sovereignty for them, proKansas latered by Stephen A. Douglas; resulted in bleeding-Lead to the rise of Republican Party, containing all the AcemiesJames Buchanan (1856-1860) (Democrat) “Bleeding Kansas”:New England Em