医学英语论文(共10页)

1、PAGE PAGE 11 黄帝内经(hun d ni jn)中六气致病论的英语翻译探讨摘要(zhiyo):“ Huangdi Neijing ”, the bible of TCM, has profound and obscure language as well as ancient and abundant rhetoric devices. It is not only a Medical literature, but also a model of the ancient medical about Chinese rhetoric wield. There are also si

2、gnificant differences in the contents of the text and differences in the factors such as the translators linguistic and education background, translation skills, target readers and initiators of the translation. The application of pluralistic ancient-Chinese rhetoric devices make its English difficu

3、lt. To better understand the effects of translators subjectivity on translation, original sentences of Huangdi Neijing and their English equivalence were picked out. The English Sentences were compared between different versions and their differences were analyzed based on the theory of translators

4、subjectivity.关键词：黄帝内经(hun d ni jn) 英译 比较 六气 中医药是我国传统文化的瑰宝，长期以来为中华民族的繁衍生息做出了不朽的贡献。在人们日益追求绿色环保回归自然的今天，中医药更是以其神奇的疗效绿色天然及较小的毒副作用在世界范围越来越得到重视和认可。中医日益走向国际化，中医翻译事业也随之日益繁荣。 黄帝内经是我国现存最早的系统(xtng)完整的医学典籍，集中反映了我国上古时代至秦汉时期(shq)的主要医学成就，奠定了中医的理论基础。目前(mqin)已有多个英译本，是研究中医翻译的主要素材。 黄帝内经翻译从1925开始，到2005年正式出版过11个英译本。其中黄帝内

5、经全译本4部，节译本3部，编译本4部。这些译本产生于不同的历史时期，由不同背景的译者翻译，译本之间差异巨大，反映了中医古籍英译事业的发展进程。译者中有的是在读博士的医史学家，如美国的Ilza Veith;有的是出身中医世家，在美国从事中医临床教学的中医师，如吴氏父子Maoshing Ni;有的是比较严肃的医学学者，如文树德和李照国等译本内容也不尽相同，有节译、选译、摘译、编译等不同译本。总体而言，内经英译已经从规定性研究发展至描写性研究，从纯理论研究发展至具体文本研究，从语料研究微观的符号层面发展至宏观的语篇研究。随着翻译理论的不断发展和完善，内经英译事业最终会出现高潮，为中医典籍英译奠定一定

6、理论和实践基础。而今(r jn)现有的译本有：Dawson节译的素问（1925）；美国(mi u)医史学家Ilza Veith素问前34章的英译本The Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine(1949);广州孙逸仙医学院院长(yun chn)黄雯医师素问前2章的译文Nei Ching, the Chinese Canon of Medicine(1950);加拿大人哼利C陆（Henry C. Lu）内经和难经的合译本内、难经全集（1978）；美国华裔中医师Maoshing Ni的素问编译本The Yellow Emperors Classic

7、 of Medicine（1995）；李照国教授的素问全译本Huangdi Neijing Yellow Emperors Canon of Medicine(2005)等等。 黄帝内经分为素问和灵枢两部分，其主要内容包括：整体观念、阴阳五行、藏象经络、病因病机、诊法治则、预防养生和运气学说等等。而本文主要研究的是“六气致病论”，所谓六气就是指风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，另外，内经里说：“夫百病之生也，皆生于风寒暑湿燥火，以之化之变”。由于译者的背景知识结构的不同、双语能力的差异、翻译策略的不同，还有黄帝内经本身运用了大量的修辞手法，这些因素都给其翻译带来了巨大的困难和差异，下面我将举例来分析不同

8、人对六气治病论翻译的差异： 例1：风盛则动，热盛则肿，燥盛则干，寒盛则，湿盛则濡泻 李本：Predominance of wind causes tremor of the limbs predominance of heat produces swelling, predominance of dryness lends to desiccation predominance of cold results in dropsy and predominance of dampness brings about watery diarrhea . 倪本：When the pathogenic

9、wind comes like a storm. It can cause shaking, if fire burns excessively .There will be redness and swelling, if dryness is present there will be withering .Excess cold can result in swelling and extreme dampness will lead to urinary problems and diarrhea. 威本：When wind is victorious everything moves

10、 and stirs. When the heat overcomes the world then, in the end, swelling will ensue. When dryness overcomes the world everything will be scorched. When the cold overcomes the world everything becomes light and floating. When dampness overcomes the world the moisture will be dispelled. 分析(fnx)：引自素问阴阳

11、应象大论篇第五(d w)，讨论的是五气偏盛致病的特点，“风盛则动”是指风气太过，易导致痉挛(jn lun)动摇的症状。李本译为：Predominance of wind causes tremor of the limbs，即风邪偏盛，易导致四肢震颤。倪本译为：When the pathogenic wind comes like a storm. It can cause shaking.是：风邪袭人会导致震颤。威本译为：When wind is victorious everything moves and stirs.风邪偏盛，一切都会动摇。中医理论中，风邪致病的特点是易导致四肢搐动，只

12、有李本增加of the limbs（四肢）补充了这层隐含信息。 “濡泻”王冰注：“脾胃受湿，则水谷不分，水谷相和，故大肠(dchng)传导而注泻也，以湿注泻，故谓之濡泻”（王冰，林忆，2004）。可见(kjin)，“濡泻”即泄泻，和小便(xiobin)无关。倪本译为：urinary problems and diarrhea. 意思是小便失常即泄泻，增加了“小便失常”这一原文没有的信息，容易误导读者。 原文中“盛”出现五次，均指各种邪气在人体正邪斗争中占据主导地位。Veith 五处全译为：overcomes the world，意为自然界中占据主导；“则动”、“则干”、“则寒”原本指各种邪气致

13、病人体出现的不同症状特征。她分别译为：everything moves and stirs、 everything will be scorched 、everything becomes light and floating，译文中的“the world”、“everything”将中医术语的外延泛化，与中医关于五邪致病的特征没有关系，可见他并没有理解中医原文的内涵。 总结：内经语句(yj)言简意赅，内容(nirng)丰富(fngf)，用抽象的语言概括丰富的理论知识，对临床有很好的指导意义。李本和倪本都不同程度将内经语句的临床指导意义译出，威本则没有。 例2：因于湿，首如裹。 李本：Atta

14、cked by Dampness (or Wetness),people will feel that theirheads are as heavy as being bound. 倪本:When damp invades the body, the head will feel heavy and distended, as if tightly bandaged. 威本：In times of humidity( of fall) people feel as though their heads were closely bandaged. 分析：本句引自素问生气通天论篇第三意思是：湿

15、邪犯人，头部就像被蒙裹一样沉重。“首如裹”形容头部沉重，如被物裹一样。这是中医湿困清阳的表现。（内经讲义，1984）。李本、倪本译文分别是：Attacked by Dampness (or Wetness)、When damp invades the body都是湿邪侵袭人体的意思。与原文相符。威本译为：In times of humidity( of fall)意思是：秋天气候潮湿的时候，这与原文不符；而且我过大部分地区都是秋天气候干燥。湿是指湿邪，而不是指秋天的气候，威本是误译。 例3：因于寒，欲如运枢，起居(qj)如惊，神气乃浮。 李本：In cold weather, Yangqi f

16、lows in the body just like a door-hinge rotating in the door-mortar. Any rash action in daily life will disperse Shenqi(Spirit-Qi). 倪本：During the winter, if one lives improperly, giving in to impulsive desires and emotions such as anger and irritability, the spirit becomes restless, causing the yang

17、 qi to disperse at the surface. At this point the yang qi can no longer control the orifices and pores of the body. The result will be an outpouring of the qi and subsequent vulnerability to invasions. 威本：In time of the cold (of winter) one should act as though one were moving around a pivot, and if

18、 one behaves (moves and rests) as though one were startled, then ones spirit and breath of life will be unstable. 吴氏父子(f z)：When a man is invaded by cold , he will be disquieted and restless like being on alert, his spirit and energy excrete outside and his Yang energy become unstable. 分析：该句引子生气通天论篇

19、第三(d sn)。王冰注：因天之寒，当深居周密，如枢纽之内动，不当烦扰筋骨，使阳气发泄于皮肤而伤于寒毒。若起居(qj)暴猝，驰骋荒佚，则神气浮越，无所宁矣（王冰，林亿，2004）。意思是说天气寒冷的时候，人体的阳气就像门轴在门臼中运转一样活动于体内，应当谨慎护卫，如果起居同时烦躁惊恐，就使神气外越。 四种译文(ywn)的意思基本相同。“欲如运枢”李本译为：Yangqi flows in the body just like a door-hinge rotating in the door-mortar，形象生动；倪本正话反说。译为if one lives improperly, giving

20、 in to impulsive desires and emotions such as anger and irritability，即：如果生活没有规律，如冲动、生气、焦虑等，“冲动、生气、焦虑”原文没有对应的信息，是Ni自己添加的内容。另外，吴氏父子和威本的“气”分别翻译为“energy”和“ breath”，而其他俩人直接用汉语拼音翻译为“qi”，我个人认为后者翻译更好一些，因为在汉语中意思很广泛，前者那样翻译就局限了它的意思。 比较(bjio)有意思的是Veith的翻译：one should act as though one were moving around a pivot，将“欲如运枢”直译，认为可以理解为冬天人们应当谨慎起居，就像人们抬着灵枢一样要安静(njng)肃穆，这种说法没有依据，是她的推测。 小结(xioji)：综上所述，由于译者的背景知识结构的不同、双语能力的差异、翻译策略的不同，还有黄帝内经本身运用了大量的修辞手法，这些因素都使其翻译大相近庭，本文通过举例子说明了一些译者的翻译的差异以及各自的缺陷，为了使