世界经济学课件：1-evolution of world economy

1、Evolution of world economy Some terms about world economyIt involves international economic relation and national economic relation;It is within the economic sphere;It is a historic evolution process;Formation of world economyEmbryonic stage of world economy 1.14th century 15th century (transition f

2、rom feudalism to capitalism in western Europe), promoting the division of handicraft industry，business and agriculture； 2. trade relation among countries at the end of federalism (regional trade centre in Europe and in Asia, and their intercourse); 3. geographical discovery;城市的兴起和商人的出现作为手工业和商业中心的城市开

3、始兴起，例如马赛、里昂、伦敦、科隆等。城市的兴起和发展，促进了一个专门从事商品交换的新的社会阶层商人的出现。汉萨同盟：波罗的海和北海的沿岸城市发起组成的一个自由而松散的商业联盟15世纪郑和下西洋及东方亚洲国家对外贸易发展地理大发现 地理大发现是指15世纪末和16世纪初在海外探险中发现美洲大陆以及开辟通往东方新航路的过程。1519年，由麦哲伦率领的船队实现了环球航行，开辟环球的商业通道，扩大了各国之间的贸易往来，促进了作为整体的世界经济萌芽。左图为 1545年制作的画有麦哲伦探险航线的地图。 Formation of world economyDevelopmental stage of wor

4、ld economy 1. original accumulation of capital and colonial expansion in 16th18th century; 2. industrial revolution from1760s; 3. the establishment of international labor division and world market; 英国在北美和印度的殖民扩张产业革命中的机器：蒸汽机车和纺纱机Formation of world economy formation of world economy 1. the second scie

5、nce and technology revolution in 1870s (internal-combustion engine and electronic motor); 2. the change of productive relation caused by the second science and technology revolution; development &new characteristics of world economy after WWIIIncreasing growth rate average annual growth rate in 50 y

6、ears: nearly 4% DCs:4.9%(1950-1970);2.7%(1973-1988); SV:5%(1950-1973);2%(1974-1988);Other eur. socialist countries:1.9%(1974-1982);2.7%(1983-1988);Developing countries:4.7%(1950s);5.6%(60s);4.7%(70s);4.0%(80s);Global average annual growth rate in 1990s:3%-4% development of world economy after WWIIGr

7、eat changes in international division of labor natural material-based technology-based; inter-industry-based intra-industry-based; development of world economy after WWIIFast development in international trade trade volume in 1950-1979:$57.9 trillion-$1524.1trillion AGR: 6.8%5.6%(AGR of global indus

8、trial production) important role of foreign trade in national economy (export volume/global GNP): 11.4% in 1970; 14% in 1980; 16.2% in 1990 development of world economy after WWIIRapid development of international capital flows year USA W G Japan19603277.52.81990423115513180Ratio of the two years12

9、206 1135 changes in the direction of capital flows new characteristics of world economy after WWIICapitalist and socialist economic system coexisted in global economyStrengthening role of science & technology in global economyincreasing imbalance of global economic development strengthening of inter

10、national coordinationnew development since 1980s new development since 1980sFocus on high-technology for countriesMarket economy spreads to the whole worldSpeeding up of economic globalizationDeepening of international economic integrationMulti-polarizationConflicts and widening in wealth btw. DCs &

11、 LDCsIntensification in competition in economic fields Great political and economic changes after WWII changes in the powers among developed countriesSocialist countries developed into a seriesOld colonial system collapsedInternational economic relation developed in a large scale二战结束后世界政治地图（1949）Cha

12、nges in the power among major economies From the end of WWII to 1950s and 1960s The US became a superpower. from 19371948: industrial product: 42% (1.3)to 53.4%(2.7); exports: 14.2% to 32.4%; gold reserves: 50.5% to 74.5%Changes in the power among major economiesEnd of 1950s and beginning of 1960s t

13、o early 1970s the US power weakened relatively. comparison of Soviet Union with the US(in 1960): GDP: 45.1% of that in the US; industrial product:55%; agricutural output value:70%; foreign trade volume:31.5%; steel output:71%; oil output:42%;electricity:33%; grain:74%; cotton:53%Changes in the power

14、 among major economies challenges from EEC at the end of 1950s comparison of EEC with the US: GDP:37.2%; industrial product:41%; export volume:45% Changes in the power among major economiesEarly 1970s to early and middle of 1980s the US declined with the competition from EEC and SV and catching up o

15、f Japan.Comparison of the three in1973countryPopulation(A hundred million) GNP (A hundred million dollars) export (A hundred million dollars) Golden and foreign reservesThe US2.101.31702116.6EEC2.571.072100606.2SV2.500.68215-Comparison of Japan and UScountryGNPIndustrial productexportreserves1975Jap

16、an5013-109.47Percentage of US32.8%25.3%56.7%80.7%1980Japan10465-201.64Percentage of US40.1%48.6%59.1%93.9%Changes in the power among major economiesEarly and middle of 1980s till now Japan the second largest economic power, US,EEC,Japan and SVUS,EEC and JapanComparison of the four in1986countryGNPIn

17、dustrialproductexportreservesThe US100100100100EEC79.9116.6366223.3Japan4749.396.636.8SV54.98042-Comparison of the three in 1990countryGNPIndustrialproductexportreservesThe US100100100100Japan56.35475.693.4EEC95.1114.5311.1394.7 Comparison of the three in 1990GDP（亿美元）Export volume（百万美元）international

18、 reserves in SDR （百万特别提款权）199020001990200019902000USA58033987293935927811251254424502EU551897855012244659447000-186166aJapan305164753028758147924955179272392Changes in the power among major economies since 1990s, the US fast growth for 10 years; EU in 1993 with the single currency in 2001 and smooth enlargement ; the lost decade fo