英语冠词和代词-PPT课件

1、冠词KING冠词不使用冠词定冠词不定冠词aanthe零冠词冠词的分类冠词的分类不定冠词的用法a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 an用在以元音音素开头的单词前.e.g. _book _ egg _ useful book _ underground roomaanaan基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物e.g. I can see a kite. A boy is in Grade 1. 表示“数量”，“有一”“每一”的意思e.g. We have six

2、classes a day. 冠词的分类定冠词的用法 基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别.e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里指谈话双方都知道的人或事物e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝） Open the door, please.请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门） 在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时e.g. ：I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝 ：

3、where is the kite?这个风筝在那里？用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”e.g. the Blacks 布来克一家冠词的分类定冠词的用法 用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前.e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only, very, same 前e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二楼Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前The Palace Museum The Summe

4、r Palace用在表示乐器的名词之前e.g. the violin the piano冠词的分类定冠词的用法 用在一些习惯用语中9.e.g.in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the

5、 whole by the way go to the theatre (cinema)冠词的分类零冠词的用法名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时。.e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen附复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。e.g. They are teachers. 他们是老师。在专有名词前e.g. China England在星期、月份、节日前e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens Day 不使用冠词的情况冠词的分类零冠词的用法在球类运动前及三餐名词前。5.6.e.g. play footb

6、all/ basketball have supper在一些固定搭配中e.g. at night go to school at table by bike at work go to bed at school at home watch TV不使用冠词的情况四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别 be in charge of 负责 be in the charge of 由负责；在掌管之下 by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算 It is out of question.那是毫无疑问的。 It is out of the question.那是根本不可能的。 three of us

7、 我们中的三个人 the three of us 我们三个人 take place 发生 take the place of 代替五、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例外：1.冠词放在quite，many，such，what等词之后。 quite an interesting story2.so/as/too/how形容词a/an单数名词。 Its too difficult a problem.3.rather可位于冠词前或后。 a rather cold dayrather a cold day4.half 可位于冠词之前，也可位于冠词之

8、后。 half an houra half hour5.all，both放在the之前。 all the books；both the boys一、单项选择题1、_ book on the desk is _ useful one.A. The; an B. A; a C. The; a 、_ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A. An; a B. An; / C. The; a 、What can you see by the lake?I can see _ old man sitting on the chair.A. a B. a

9、n C. the、Have you had_ lunch yet?A. a B. / C. The、There is _ “f” in the word “wife”.A. anB. a C. The、He is _ best one in our school.A. a B. anC. TheCABBCC7、My brother can play _ football well and he can also play _ piano well.A. the; B. ; the C. the; the 8、lets go and have _ walk around _ school.A.

10、a; the B. /; / C. the; a 9、_ boy has broken the window.A. A B. The C. both A and B10、You may ask _ old man listening to _ radio under_ tree for_ advice about it.A. an; the; the; / B. the; / ; the; / C. The; the; the; /11、They work in _ same shop. They are paid by _ day.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; /1

11、2、what is _ plane? _ machine that can fly.A. the; the B. a; theC. a; A BACCCC13、It gave me _ great surprise that he had cooked such_ nice food.A. a; a B. a; / C. the; the 14、Its _ pity to be listened to by nobody.A. a B. an C. the15、Failure is _ mother of success.A. the B. a C. /16、_ number of _ stu

12、dents is more than 1,200.A. The; the B. A; the C. A; a17、Ships send _ messages to each other by _ radio.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; /18、_ orange is _ orange.A. The; a B. An; /C. A; an AAAACB19、There is _ apple and _ piece of bread on the plate.A. a; a B. an; a C. an; the 20、We dont know she is _ hones

13、t girl.A. a B. an C. the21、Do you want to be _ artist when you grow up?A. the B. a C. an22、A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second.A. / B. a C. the23、Betty is from Beijing. It is _ old city and _ capital of our country.A. the; the B. an; a C. an; the24、My daughter said the man had hit

14、her on _ face.A. a B. / C. the BBCBCC25、That is _ map of _ world.A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the 26、Lesson Four is _ difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult one in Book 2.A. a; the B. an; theC. The; a27、Mr. Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed.A. the B. a C. /28、Whats that

15、 over there? Its _ boat.A. the B. an C. a29、Mike is _ American boy. He studies in _ unniversity in Guangdong.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; the30、Have you got _ e mail address?A. a B. an C. / KeysCACCBB1.Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons，please? Sorry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A.th

16、e；the B.the；a C.不填；the D.the；不填 解析：the Johnsons 指Johnson一家的房子、诊所等；第二空填a为泛指，“一个叫Johnson的人”。 答案：B2.I wanted to catch _ early train，but couldnt get _ ride to the station. A.an；the B./；the C.an；/ D.the；a 解析：the early train，早班车；get a ride to.，搭车去 (某地)。答案：D3._ walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ p

17、acked lunch. A.A；a B.The；不填 C.The；a D.A；不填 解析：the walk指大家都知道的活动；a packed lunch，指(外带)一顿午餐。 答案：C4.I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A.a；the B.a；a C.the；a D.the；the 解析：the color of your skirt，特指你的衬衫的颜色；a good match for表示和很搭配。答案：C 5.For him _ stage is just _ means of maki

18、ng a living. A.a；a B.the；a C.the；the D.a；the 解析：the stage 意为“舞台”，而固定搭配a means of 则为 “的方式”(此处means单复数同形)。答案：B6.According to _ review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _ heart disease by 76%. A.a；the B.the；a C.a；/ D./；a 解析：由句意“根据由44

19、人组成的调查中”可知，此处 review表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠词。答案：C7.Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops，or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. A.the；the B.the；/ C./；the D./；/ 解析：复数名词forests表泛指；下句中的wood是forests中 的，故为特指。答案：C8.I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You sho

20、uldnt put drinks near _ computer. A.the；不填 B.the；a C.a；不填 D.a；a 解析：表特指要加定冠词；不定冠词可放在单数名词前，泛指一类人或物。答案：B9.This book tells _ life story of John Smith，who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A.the；the B.a；the C.the；不填 D.a；不填 解析：life后有介词短语作定语特指，故前加the；leave school意为“辍学”答案：C10.Would

21、you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management? If you made _ most of the equipment，there would be _ rise in production. A./；/ B.the；a C.the；the D.the；/ 解析：make the most of 指“善加利用”；rise作名词，泛指“提升、升高”时前无冠词，但当“提升之人(物)”时，前则加不定冠词。答案：B11.The salesman said that _ thief was a young ma

22、n with _ brown hair. A.the；a B.the；不填 C.a；不填 D.a；a 解析：此处the thief为说话双方能领会的；hair不可数名词前一般无冠词。 答案：B12.The shop needs more childrens toys in _ store，for the Childrens Day is just around _ corner. A.the；/ B./；the C.a；the D.the；the解析：in store意为“贮藏着、准备着”；around the corne意为“在拐角处”；“即将来临”。答案：B13.Will _ sofa d

23、o? Sure. But if you havent，_ chair is OK. A.the；a B.a；the C.a；a D./；/解析：考查冠词。此处的sofa 和chair都是泛指一类物品中的任何一件，所以都用不定冠词。此题易误选A和B。答案：C14.Tom couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A.a；/ B./；the C./；a D.the；/ 解析：根据句意，a Sunday表“一个星期天”；(be)

24、at church意为“做礼拜”。答案：A15.The party last night was _ great success.We sang and danced until it came to _ end at 1200. A.a；an B.a；the C.the；an D./；the 解析：success指“成功的人(事)”时为可数名词，前可加不定冠词；come to an end 表示“结束”。 答案：A代 词语法聚焦与练习（ ）1If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to youAis answered,

25、other Banswers, otherCis answered, another Danswers, another【解析】 首先由语态可以排除,项。主要区别other和another的用法。another是指另一个的意思，后面接单数，而other是指其它的，一般接复数，准确答案是。（ ）2Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice? Please give me a cup of teaANeither BBoth CA11 DNone【解析根据回答，知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所以应该选择 Neither，表示两者中的任

26、何一个都不。而None用在三个以上的事物上。 C A（ ）3An old friend of my sisters always helps my brother and with EnglishAI; our Bme; ourselves CI; my Dme; us（ ）4His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensiveAhimBmine CmyDher（ ）5Are the keys over there _ ?-No, Go and ask AnnaThey may belong to herAyou Byour Cyours DYou

27、rself（ ）6Im leaving for the examByebye, MumWell, make sure youve got _readyAsomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing DBCC（ ）7Sam looks like his DadThey are _tallAeither Bany Call Dboth（ ）8Is this the Greens house? No._ is over thereAHis BTheir CTheirs DThem（ ）9Where is my pen? Have you seen _ ? Oh,

28、sorryI have taken _ by mistake Ait, yours Bthem, his Cit, mine Dthem, hers（ ）10Is this kite _ , Tom? Yes, its mineIts made by _ Ayours, myself Bmine, myself Cours, himself Dyour, myselfDCAA数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I you heshe itweyouthey宾格 meyouhimheritusyourthem汉语我你他她它我们你们他们一、人称代词2人称代词有主格和宾

29、格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： like table tennis（作主语） Do you know ? （作宾语）3人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如： Who is knocking at the door? Its 4人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 如：He is older than He is older than amIIhimmemeWho is the boy over there? -_ is my brother. A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself2. Do you know about Dav

30、id? -Yes, I know _ very well. A. he B. himself C. him D. his3. Last Sunday everybody went to the cinema except _. A. I and Tom B. Tom and me C. Tom and I D. me and TomACB二、物主代词形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的1表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形

31、容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。Eg: teacher is coming to see us This is pencilbox3名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and is there作主语 Is this English book ? （作表语） NoMine is in my bag Ive already finished my homeworkHave you finished ? （作宾语）Ourhertheirsyoursyours -My p

32、en is lost. -Dont worry about it. You can use _.A. my B. mine C. me D. myself2. Sonia, is this your dictionary? -Oh, no, its not _. Ask Li Lei, he is looking for _.A. me, hers B. mine, him C. my, her D. mine, his3. _ school is bigger than _. A. Our, their B. Ours, theirs C. Theirs, our D. Their, our

33、sBDD三 反身代词的用法【说明】反身代词的惯用语： by oneself独自 for oneself为自己，亲自 of oneself自动地，自发地 help oneself to随便吃，自行取用come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home不要客气1. Mr. Wu put some fruit on the table and asked me to help _.A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself 2. Dont leave Mary by _. She is only two years old.A.

34、her B. she C. hers D. herself3. She cant mend her bike _.A. herself B. her C. hers D. she4. When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for _.A. him B. himself C. he D. hisADBA四、指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those.1this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指

35、 时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： We are busy days In days the workers had a hard time This is a pen and is a pencil2有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：The only thing you can change is yourself, and sometimes that changes everything. What I want to say is ; pronunciation is very important in learning

36、 Englishthese those thatthis3有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is MaryIs that Jack speaking?The life in Japan is different from _ in America. A. one B. that C. it D. those2. Who is t

37、hat speaking? -_ A. I am Ann. B. Its Ann. C. That is Ann.3. As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to _. A. Kuweit B. that of Kuweit C. Kuweitss D. those of KuweitBBD四、相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语

38、用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another.作宾语Do you often write to each other / one another? 作宾语We often borrow each others / one anothers books（作定语）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework（作定语）They visited _ home. A. each other B. each others C.

39、 each others2. We should help _. A. each other B. each others C. each othersBA五、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词用法举例说明如下：1some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the librarySome rice in the bag has been sold out2）

40、any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask meThere isnt any orange in the bottleHave you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see anyIf you have no money, Ill lend y

41、ou some【注意】与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。含义及用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么2few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词：Im going to buy a few applesHe can speak only a little Chi

42、neseThere is only a little milk in the glassHe has few friendsThey had little money with them2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry(修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little(修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please(修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night3other, th

43、e other, another, others, the others的区别。用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩常与one搭配构成“one , the other ”句型 He has two brothersOne is 10 years old , the other is 5 years oldShe held a ruler

44、 in one hand and an exercise book in the some , others ”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimmingThis coat is too largeShow me some others, please4every与each的区别。each 1)可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 3)着重“个别”4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物Every1)不可单独使用2)仅作形容词3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物The teacher gave a toy to each

45、 childEach ball has a different colour当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher= All students love the English teacher Every child likes playing= All children like playing5all和bot

46、h的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作 复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope(作同位语) All the water has been used up(作主语) Thats all for today(作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are here(作定语)2）both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and

47、 Lily both agree with us They both passed on their sticks at the same time How are your parents? Theyre both fine与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary Both of the books are very interesting单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michael has two sonsBoth are cleverI dont know which book is the better, I sha

48、ll read both3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates There are tall trees on both sides of the street1.no one1)只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；2)谓语动词用单数；3)表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。如：1)Who is in the room? No one.2)Is there anyone in the room?No one.2 none1

49、)可与of连用，具体指什么人或物；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。请看：1)None of us have/has seen him.2)How many students are there in the room? None.3)Is there any water in the kettle? None.4)How much money do you have on you? None.3. nothing1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anythin

50、g的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看：1)What is in the box? Nothing.2)Is there anything in the sky? Nothing.3)Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing.no, none, no one, not, nothing的用法 (1) no 是形容词只能修饰名词。 not 是副词修饰动词，形容词，副词等。 none 是代词可以做主语，宾语，表语。No可以修饰各种类型的名词：He has no（not any）wife，no friends，no money.当主语为两个由no

51、修饰的名词时，动词用单数形式：No TV and no radio is necessary for me（但：A TV and a radio are necessary）(2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语，一般情况下，nothing回答what问句； nobody 和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句Whats in the box ? Nothing. Who is in the classroom?Nobody / No one.How many people are there in the park?None. (3) no one作主语时谓语动词只用单数形式；none做主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。用单数更为正式一点 none of my friends is/are interested in basketball(4) none