初中英语基础语法公共课

1、初中英语基础语法公共课一、词类名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词1.名词名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.1.1 名词的分类英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1）专有名词:是国名、地名、人名、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 1.1 名词的分类2）普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。 如：pupil, family,

2、 man, foot, sadness, hope, friendship 1.1 名词的分类普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 如: box, child, orange；不可数名词：是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 如：water, news, oil, population, information .1.2 名词复数的变化1. 可数名词的复数：规则变化/不规则变化（1）规则变化形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。1) 一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, book-books, truth-truths2) 以s,

3、 x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es bus-buses, class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities, baby-babies练一练 lemon-_ beach-_ class-_ fox-_ library-_ butterfly-_ baby-_ day-_ pencil-_ watch-_lemonsbeachesclassesfoxeslibrariesbu

4、tterfliesbabieswatchesdayspencils survey- subway-apartment- identity-parcel- fee-track- surveys subwaysapartmentsidentitiesparcelsfeestracks1. -Can I help you? -Three _ (doll),please.2. I like_( strawberry) because they are sweet and juicy.3. I dont like _(fly) because they are ugly and dirty.4.They

5、 come from different _ (country). dollsstrawberriesfliescountries4) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives wife-wives half-halves5) 有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s chief-chiefs roof-roofspotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesradio-radioszoo-zoos6) 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-spotato-

6、potatoes tomato-tomatoesradio-radios, zoo-zoos* piano-pianos photo-photos一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, book-books, truth-truths以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses, class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities, baby-babies以-f或-

7、fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, piano-pianos, radio-radios, zoo-zoos综合挑战，你敢接吗？plane brush church pianos

8、helf thief radio subway tomato photo ox hero laundry sesess-shelves-thievesssesseses-laundries游戏规则：1.游戏分为必答题和抢答题，答题者举手示意。2.最先举手者获得答题权，答对该组加一分，答错不扣分，两轮答题结束后，得分最高组获胜。3.获胜组可要求其他组的任意两人课后准备英语绕口令或笑话，下节课当众讲给大家听。4.答题者在答题前需说：I am./ My name is.要求：不得翻阅笔记，各组互相监督，发现一次扣1分。 答题者一旦说出可，不得更改，更改无效！必答题：每组轮流答题，限时5秒。答不上来则

9、下一组回答，答对组加分。示范：cat - cats 答题者说出名词复数后要拼写正确，否则不计分需要记分员和主持人一名要求：1.记分员和主持人要本着公平公正的原则，不得有人和私心，其他组成员发现有不公平现象，经大家同意，给记分员和主持人所在组减分。2.记分员和主持人若想参与游戏，可与本组人员交换 busbuses potatopotatoesboyboysfamilyfamilieszoozooscountrycountrieswatchwatchestomatotomatoeschiefchiefsknifeknivescitycitiesbrushbrushesradioradiospota

10、topotatoesroofroofsshelfshelvesstrawberrystrawberriesleafleavesIwehisthemerasererasersheroheroesdishdishesdaydays抢答题：答题者举手示意，最先举手者获得答题权，有扰乱秩序现象记分员可酌情减分！注：单词前有+的，答题者说出单词意思，加0.5分。+puppypuppies+oxoxesstorystories+wolfwolves+flyflies+diarydiaries+itemitems+highwayhighways+beachbeaches+overcoatovercoatss

11、tudentstudents+curtaincurtainspianopianospeachpeaches答题者能准确说出句子意思，可加1分Lily and Lucy are my _ (classmate). classmatesHow many _ (subway)are there in ShenZhen? subwaysThe _ (leaf) turn green in spring. leavesThere are_(photo) on the wall. They are very beautiful.photos1.2 名词复数的变化（2）不规则变化形式 1）单复数同形：she

12、ep-sheepfish-fishChinese, Japanesefish-fishesfish（不可数）fish-fish2)元音字母oo变为eetooth-teethfoot-feet3)变man为menman-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomen4)其他形式 childmouse-mice-children注意：1.有些名词单复数异义glassglassespaperpapers2.有些名词只有复数形式clothestrousers不可数名词waterricebread注：不可数名词要表示数量，需借助量词一瓶水：一碗米饭：一杯咖啡：a bottle of watera bowl of ricea cup of coffeeman_woman_ child_fo