果树嫁接技术方法

1、果树嫁接技术方法1、选择适应当地生产条件，具备早实、丰产、优质引入嫁接代数少，生产健 壮的母树，选取生长充实的一年生外围粗壮发育枝或结果枝，在落叶到萌芽前的整 个休眠期进行采集，一般结合修剪进行采集，随剪随采，按品种50或100条为一 捆，并挂上标签。2、常规贮藏办法是穗条采回整理后，要及时放在低温保湿的深窖或山洞内贮 藏，温度要求低于4?C，湿度达90%以上，在窖内贮藏时，应将穗条下半部埋在湿 沙中，上半截露在外面，捆与捆之间用湿沙隔离，窖口要盖严，保持窖内冷凉，这 样可贮至5月下旬到6月上旬，在贮藏期间要经常检查沙子的温度和窖内的湿度， 防止穗条发热霉烂或失水风干。若无地窖也可在土壤结冻前

2、在冷凉高燥背阴处挖贮 藏沟，沟深80cm，宽100cm，长度依穗条多少而定。入沟前先在沟内铺2-3cm的干 净河沙（含水量不超过10%），穗条倾斜摆放沟内，充填河沙至全部埋没，沟面上盖 防雨材料。也可将整理好的穗条放入塑料袋中，填入少量锯末、河沙等保湿物，扎 紧袋口，置于冷库中贮藏，温度保持3-5?C。其优点是省工、省力，缺点是接穗易 失水，影响成活率，所以现在推广使用蜡封接穗。3、蜡封接穗:其目的是:使接穗减少水分的蒸发，保证接穗从嫁接到成活一段 时间的生命力。其方法是接穗采集后，按嫁接时所需的长度进行剪截，一般接穗枝 段长度为10-15厘米，保留3个芽以上，顶端具饱满芽，枝条过粗的应稍长些

3、，细 的不宜过长。剪穗时应注意剔除有损伤、腐烂、失水及发育不充实的枝条，并且对 结果枝应剪除果痕。封蜡时先将工业石蜡放在较深的容器内加热融化，待蜡温 95?C -102?C时，将剪好的接穗枝段一头迅速在蜡液中蘸一下（时间在1秒以内， 一般为0.1秒），再换另一头速蘸。要求接穗上不留未蘸蜡的空间，中间部位的蜡 层可稍有重叠。注意蜡温不要过低或过高，过低则蜡层厚，易脱落，过高则易烫伤 接穗。蜡封接穗要完全凉透后再收集贮存，可放在地窖、山洞中，要保持窖内温度 及湿度。二、嫁接方式1-3年生幼树嫁接，一般采用苗木嫁接法，嫁接苗开始结果早，能保持品种的 优良性状。3-5年生以上、树冠较大、分枝级次较多的

4、砧木，一般采用多头高接即根据原 树冠骨架的枝类分布情况，在较高的部位嫁接较多的枝头，尽可能少的缩小树冠。 其特点是：1、可充分利用原有树冠骨架，接头多、树冠恢复快，能保持树体上下平衡。2、伤口较小，愈合容易，嫁接方法因部位不同而多种多样。3、可充分利用树冠内膛，插枝补空，增加结果部位。4、嫁接后结果早、产量高，一般嫁接后第二年可恢复甚至超过原树产量，第 三年可恢复树冠，获得高产。对于较大的树，嫁接部位要按照主枝长、侧枝短、主从关系明显的原则，在骨 干枝上尽可能多接头，光秃带用腹接补空;除主侧枝头外，其它枝的嫁接部位截留 枝段长度一般距其母枝15-20cm左右，粗枝稍长，细枝稍短;接口直径一般应

5、选在 3-5cm 处，树龄较大的最粗 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Departments credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Off

6、ice, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for preloan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work,

7、and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whe

8、ther the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system:

9、practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate wh

10、ether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head不宜超过8cm。三、嫁接时期一般在砧木芽萌动前或开始萌动而未展叶时进行

11、，过早则伤口愈合慢且易遭不 良气候或病虫损害，过晚则易引起树势衰弱，甚至到冬季死亡。实践中，春季嫁接 在萌芽前10天到萌芽期最为适宜，同时在气温较高、晴朗的天气嫁接成活较好。四、嫁接方法嫁接方法很多，依接穗利用情况，分芽接和枝接;根据嫁接部位不同，分根 接、根茎接、二重接、腹接、高接;从接口形式分，有劈接、切接、插皮接、嵌芽 接、舌接、靠接等，但基本的嫁接方法是芽接和枝接。下图是果树上最常用的插皮接和T字形芽接图解请参考:砧4；说旺I三不挂-却下闸天福，刮:瑚不接 不适时不底2底丧胺司弟画长不少于5原米.电木曲役I雇米以上，砧木息的 可盛吓粮顾 期曲赠寺副适会大树品龄头，一次可愤多央 很果树的

12、嫁接时间果树嫁接的季节是开春前还是开春后进行更好，一般每个品种嫁接的时间都是 一样的吗，比如藤科的和其他的。葡萄的要比其他的提前吗,枝接法:三月下旬至四月上旬；芽接法六月下旬至九月上旬;靠接法：中春;平接 法:初春。葡萄的时间也一样。and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Departments credit business person assumed respo

13、nsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation wor

14、k by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relatin

15、g to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusion

16、s and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management

17、 Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the princip

18、les of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head国MT 字雅芽籁l.有抡#，皆击叶吐f叶怖?.在.推鼻弃上啊I itfftitiiu； -n.ff 叫际下边孰1圈荣住，啊E辟眼姓JL切串蜉片3. 4*QFW ftHt,靠序片肘金怡善一普木方醉l fe-toa：fejWftS!*iA*R 邮.割斧片时不帝本有ffS卜在皓木衅坷T字褂口 8.用H王喜琳 床虬打口荷山升 7, W字形口中8. IUD帏号捆博墨台您削于野平活I浅时板缶口爵蚌恍舶命树 时，在gaui婆暮跳瞥和珂柄11出* 9.过于节玳er的柚F腹*妆岂* J

19、；is窟曲.爽用最解弟际拼町，不妥耳山!S*，可将它全部炒* S3 *and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Departments credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Articl

20、e 23rd,Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, MarketingManagement Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan inves

21、tigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness

22、of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investig

23、ations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection wo

24、rk, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head番茄+扁豆一小白菜+芹菜一莴苣一地多种蔬

25、菜高效种植模式 早春番茄一早秋花椰菜一冬莴苣茄子一熟水萝卜一秋莴苣二、蔬菜高效种植模式茄子一油麦菜一秋延辣椒 辣椒，苋菜，丝瓜一香菜一西芹茄子,苦瓜一热水萝卜一秋延辣椒早辣椒一秋黄 瓜一小白菜一莴苣早春茄子一延秋黄瓜 早辣椒，苦瓜一热水萝卜一秋延辣椒辣椒一西瓜，豇豆一莴苣辣椒一生菜一秋莴苣一油白菜 早辣椒一早大白菜一秋黄瓜 早辣椒一小白菜一延秋番茄早辣椒一小白菜一延秋红辣椒早辣椒一油麦菜一秋延辣椒早辣椒，丝瓜一芹菜一花椰菜早辣椒一夏黄瓜一藜蒿早春辣椒一夏西瓜一秋豌豆辣椒一西瓜一豆角一莴苣辣椒一甜瓜一莴苣早春红辣椒一秋苦瓜一莴苣 辣椒一西芹x菠菜一生菜一西兰花 辣椒，荠菜，丝瓜一黄瓜,苋菜辣椒一

26、荆芥一苦瓜一黄瓜一莴苣辣椒一樱桃萝卜一架豆一萝卜早辣椒一早大白菜一甘蓝 早辣椒叫、白菜一花椰菜 大棚辣椒一藜蒿冬春辣椒育苗，丝瓜，辣椒一黄瓜一秋莴苣冬季茄果类育苗一春黄瓜一夏芫荽一大蒜 番茄一早大白菜一秋延辣椒番茄一小白菜一秋茄子番茄，丝瓜（或苦瓜）一延秋莴苣番茄一瓜类一大白菜番茄一抗热青菜一青蒜一结球生菜 秋冬番茄一春蕹菜一夏丝瓜春番茄一夏豇豆一延秋莴苣番茄一丝瓜一樱桃萝卜一西芹一豆类育苗早番茄一小白菜一秋莴苣早番茄一豇豆一红菜薹大棚早春番茄一延秋番茄大棚春番茄一夏豇豆一秋延辣椒番茄一大白菜一莴苣早番茄一秋辣椒一冬莴苣极早番茄一苦瓜and due diligence evaluations

27、article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Departments credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Ma

28、rketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the impleme

29、ntation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating result

30、s are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) o

31、ther supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine wh

32、ether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head向旋转，下压角度为90-120度，旋转角度均为180度，即可将直旺背上枝转成半侧位下垂状。如修剪苹果树分段转枝效果好 右手在下，则逆时针转向下压至半侧半下垂状态。从基部

33、转枝，要达到基部裂而不断的效果。在转的过程中，当听到轻脆的啪的一声后，且基部出现 苹果树夏秋季修剪的方法很 多，但往往比较3-5厘米的顺枝裂纹，即达到转枝效果。复杂，果农难以掌握施 行。而采用分段转枝手法代替其他如环剥环割、拉枝刻芽等传统复杂手法，可对于斜旺枝，可以从基部 15-25厘米起，每以获取苹果树树势中庸健壮、病虫害降低、且能连隔15-20厘米 进行1次转枝，转到半侧状或半下年结出串串精果的效果。垂状;对于侧位前强后 弱枝，可以从强弱交接处转枝，转到阴阳面位置互换即可。多年生产实践表明，被转枝结果下垂后，既可以收到早果、丰产、优质的效果，又可以达到简化 栽培、精果高效目的；同时还可以减

34、少提前落叶； 只要每个主枝上培养5-8个这样的结果枝群，改形后的果树便迅速增加内堂结果枝(群)，这些结果枝群都能产下个大、形正、色艳的优质果品，并可持续优质稳产。转枝对象和时间：多年生结果较少、结果后枝条不易下垂的枝，和当年生木质化的强旺枝或强旺果苔副稍。整个生长季节皆可转枝。严格来说分三次，即萌芽前后、5-6月中旬和8-9月中旬最好。转枝部位和角度:除了对各分枝30-50厘米疏枝外，一般只要在强弱交接处采用转枝，配合强旺当年枝分段转枝，就能收到理想效果。一般来说，通过把强旺枝转动180度，即把叶片面上变成面下即可。转枝方法：对从基部转的枝，哪边有空间，就向哪边转；对于直立或侧枝过粗枝，可从基

35、部进行四面活枝，然后用左手大拇指顺着枝条朝上摁住被转枝的外面，其余四指紧握基部，在离基部1尺左右位置，用右手大拇指顺着枝条朝下与左手大拇指指尖方向相对摁住，其余指紧握被转枝的腰部，两手同时用力，向同一方向转动，边用力向下压边顺时针方and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Departments credit business person assumed respon

36、sibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality