专题七非谓语动词

1、专题七 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。考点一不定式1不定式的基本形式是to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主

2、语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb.)动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 (2)作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to see a fil

3、m this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to read English everyday.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西要他关小收音机的音量。(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。(5)作状语Mrs Wang went t

4、o Shanghai to see her daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to meet you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这儿见到你。He is too tired to work on .(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。4不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。He didnt know where to go. (where to g

5、owhere he should go)他不知道去哪里。考点二动名词动名词由动词原形ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。1作主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语My mothers job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。3作宾语I dont mind listening to that s

6、tory again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。4作定语Lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。5其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(习惯于)等。其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，beg

7、in，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介词后接动名词的动词短语有keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。6当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning

8、.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。7不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihai is a good place to live in.威海是一个居住的好地方。考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”，但也有不规则的形式。2分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。分词作

9、定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主语。表语The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his h

10、air cut after school.放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。注：现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。The news is surprising.那个消息令人吃惊。(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经

11、常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家th

12、e developed country发达国家(4)易混句式have sb.do sth.，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别。have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的

13、含义。The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。专题训练8 非谓语动词（训练时间：45分钟 分值：50分）一、单项选择(40分)1(2012包头)_ energy, turn off the hot water after

14、you take a shower. ASave BSaving CSaved DTo save解析：考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，关掉热水的目的是节约能源。动词不定式作目的状语，符合语境。故选D。答案：D2Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign language. Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn解析：考查动词不定式的用法。find itadj.to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。答案：D3We cant work out

15、 the physics problem. Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do itChow to do it Dwhat should to do解析：考查“疑问词不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。答案：C4(2012西宁)The teacher often told Mike_ too much time playing computer games.Anot to spend Bto not spendCdoesnt spend Dn

16、ot spend解析：考查非谓语动词。根据“tell sb. not to do sth.”结构可知，此处为“老师经常告诉迈克不要在玩电脑游戏上花费太多的时间”，故选A。答案：A5May I have a rest? I have already finished _ the report. Awrite Bwriting Cto write Dwritten 解析：finish后若跟动词，要用动词ing形式，故选B。答案：B6(2012重庆)Mr. Li asks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous.Aswim Bto

17、 swim Cnot to swim Dto not swim解析：考查动词不定式的否定形式。根据下文“its too dangerous”可知，此处用动词不定式的否定形式。ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故选C。答案：C7(2012南宁)Goldilocks decided _ for a walk in the forest. Ago Bto go Cgoing Dgoes解析：考查非谓语动词。根据decide to do sth.“决定做某事”结构可知选B。答案：B8At last the boy was made _and began to laug

18、h.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry解析：make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词make变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。答案：C9(2012呼和浩特)Which dress do you like best, Madam?Sorry, I cant decide_ now.Ato buy which one Bbuy which oneCwhich one

19、to buy Dwhich I should buy it解析：根据“特殊疑问词动词不定式”作宾语结构可知，应选C。答案：C10The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.Ainvent BinventsCinventing Dinvented解析：由句意可知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。答案：D11(2012柳州)What are you going to _ this evening? Ado Bdoes Cdoing解

20、析：考查非谓语动词。根据“be going to do sth.”结构可知，此处应用动词原形。故选A。答案：A12Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it. Aspeak Bto speak Cspoke Dspeaks解析：考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你都应该抓住它”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。答案：B13Its a fine day today. How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hik

21、e解析：How about.？意为“怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。答案：C14(2012上海)Stop _ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.Acomplain Bto complain Ccomplaining Dcomplained解析：考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.“停止正在做的事去做别的事”；stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”。根据“Just think about what we c

22、an do to improve it.”可知，这里是指停止抱怨，抱怨是正在做的事情，故选C。答案：C15(2012河北)_ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. ATo find BFind CTo write DWrite解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，前后两句间无连词，应用非谓语动词，排除B、D两项。句意为“如果你想在图书馆找到某本书，在电脑上输入关键字就能找到”。故选A。答案：A16As we all know，its not polite to keep others _for a long ti

23、me. Await Bwaited Cto wait Dwaiting解析：keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的”。故选D。答案：D17You had better _because you have to drive back home.Anot drinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink解析：had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于给对方提建议，do为不带to的不定式作宾补；had better的否定形式一般将not加在better之后，即ha

24、d better not do sth.。答案：B18(2012天津)Why dont you go out to play, Rose?Im afraid I cant. I have much homework _. Ado Bdoes Cdoing Dto do解析：考查动词不定式。在这里应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。答案：D19_a volunteer is great.I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.ABeing；being BTo be；beingCBeing；to be DTo

25、be；to be解析：第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空want to do/be为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦敦奥运会的志愿者。”答案：C20(2012兰州)The doctor did what he could _ the girl who was badly hurt in the accident. Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaves解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意“为了拯救在事故中受重伤的女孩，医生做了他能够做的”可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。答案：C21Danny did all kinds

26、of things to make his sister _. Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to cry Dstop to cry解析：make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选B。答案：B22We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _.Ato live; to choose which oneBlived; choose which oneCto live in; which one to ch

27、ooseDlive; which one解析：根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个句子中live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which one to choose”。故选C。答案：C23(2012南昌)You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure _ a pen and some paper with you. Abring Bbringing Cto bring Dnot bring解析：考查动词不定式。make sure to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“确保做某事”。故选C。答案：C24(

28、2012乌鲁木齐)We should practice_ English as much as possible. Aspeak Bspeaking Cto speak Dspeak in解析：考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，为固定短语，故选B。答案：B25How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. Ato stay at home; go out Bto go out; stay at home Cstaying at home; go ou

29、t Dgoing out; stay at home解析：prefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿而不愿”。故选A。答案：A26(2012青海)My mother often tells me_ water in our daily life.Awaste Bto wasteCnot to waste Ddont waste解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意及tell sb.not to do sth.结构可知，此处应用not to waste，故选C。答案：C27(2012桂林)Our teacher told us_ carefully in class. Aliste

30、n Bto listen Clistened Dlistens解析：tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”；tell后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。答案：B28Why did you buy a radio? _ English. ALearn BLearning CTo learn DBe learning解析：动词不定式表目的。答案：C29(2012杭州)Mom makes me eat an apple every day _ the doctor away. Akeeps Bis kept Cto keep Dkept解析：考查非谓语动词。“Mom makes me ea

31、t an apple every day”的目的是“keep the doctor away”，所以此空要填动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。答案：C30Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us. Adid not Bto not Cnot Dnot to解析：考查would rather not do sth.的用法。答案：C31(2012绥化)Its going to rain. Dont forget _ an umbrella. Ato take Btaking Cto make解析：考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”；f

32、orget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”。结合语境可知选A项。答案：A32Im very tired these days because of studying for physics. Why not _ music? It can make you _. Alisten to; relaxing Bto listen to; to relax Clistening to; relax Dlisten to; relax解析：考查why not do sth.和make sb.do sth.结构。答案：D33(2012绵阳)Excuse me, would you mind_ yo

33、ur voices down, please? Ato keep Bkeeping Ckeep Dkept解析：考查非谓语动词。mind后跟动名词，故选B项。答案：B34Please dont forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing. Aclean Bto clean Ccleaned Dcleaning解析：forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”。由句意可知选B。答案：B35Are you going to the party_ at Smiths home this evenin

34、g?I will if I am free.Aholding BheldCto hold Dto be held解析：考查不定式及被动语态。根据句意可知今晚的聚会还未举行，故应用动词不定式表示未发生的动作，可排除A、B两项；又因party和hold之间为被动关系，故选D。答案：D36(2012南充)Her sister prefers to be a_ star. Aswimming Bswiming Cswim解析：考查非谓语动词。动名词作定语修饰名词， a swimming star“一位游泳明星”。答案：A37(2012孝感)The peaceful music in the CD made the students_ relaxed. Afeel Bfeels Cfelt Dto feel解析：考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.是固定用法。答案：A38Im hungry now. Lets stop _. Ahaving a meal Bhaving a rest Cto have a meal Dto have a rest解析：stop to do sth.“停下来去做另一件事”；stop doing sth.“停止做某