2022年初中语法简洁版

1、单词词性：名词，冠词，代词，数词，介词，连词，形容词和副词动词分类：实义动词， be 动词，助动词，情态动词三大从句：状语从句（时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，比较，让步，条件）；定语从句；宾语从句八大时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时和过去进行时，现在完成时和过去完成，一般将来时和过去将来时句式分类：陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，祈使句，倒装句，感叹句，反义疑问句句子成分：主语谓语表语宾语状语定语主谓 I smile 主语 +谓语 +宾语 I cant stand him/ 主语 +谓语 +间宾+直宾（间接 / 直接宾语 / 补语） He bought me a car.

2、主语 +谓语 +宾语+宾补 I find him a good guy. 主语 +系动词 +表语 He is very happy/I feel angry/she is driving me mad 主语 +谓语 +宾语+状语 I bought a book yesterday 1. 名词可数名词变复数：一般情况下加加 s，desks 以 s,x,ch,sh：beach, brush, bus, box（加 es）以辅音字母 y 结尾： city/ family （变 y 为 i，加 es）以元音字母结尾： tomatoes（加 es）, zoos（加 s）, photos（加 s）以 f/

3、fe 结尾： wife/knife, half （变 f/fe 为 ves）特殊记忆： woman复数 women； a woman teacher复数 women teachers Chinese复数 Chinese；Englishman复数 Englishmen; GermanGermans 专有名词指一个组织，名人，景点等：Beijing，China，Mr. Wang 常以复数形式出现的名词：trousers pants(裤子) glasses clothes police people 2. 冠词： a an the 以元音开头的用 an，以辅音开头的用 a An English gi

4、rl a useful book an hour an onion an honest boy The 用于指独一无二的事物 the Sun/第二次提到的事物； 放在最高级前面 the tallest；放在序数词前面the first Play the guitar （乐器前面加 the）play soccer（球类前面不加 the）名词性反身代词3.代词代词可以分为人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词人称代词人称代词形容词性主格宾格物主代词物主代词第一人称我I me my mine myself 第二人称你you you your yours yourself 他he him his hi

5、s himself 第三人称她she her her hers herself 它it it its its itself 第一人称我们we us our ours ourselves 第二人称你们you you your yours yourselves 他们第三人称她们they them their theirs themselves 它们人称代词有主格和宾格之分；主格代词用在动词前；宾格代词用在动词后物主代词和物主形容词：物主形容词后面可以加名词；物主代词后不可以加名词反身代词可以用来表示强调I made it by myself Either any either Each every

6、 nobody不定代词有很多： Both All Neither none this/that 疑问代词： which who whom what 4.数词基数词表示个数（ one, two, three），序数词表示顺序（ the first, the second, the third）1 First 2 second 3 third 4 fourth 5 fifth 8 eighth 9 nine 12 twelfth 19 nineteenth 20 twentieth 特殊记忆： 500：five hundred（hundred 在基数词后面不加s）两年半： two and a ha

7、lf years 三分之一 one third，三分之二 two thirds 时间表达 8:55：five to nine 一个五岁的女孩： a five-year-old girl much/ little + 不可数many/ few +可数名词复数A lot/no/not enough 两者都可5. 介词at, in, out, at, of, besides, off, with, on, over, above, under, below, from, to, up, down, through, across 介词后面加宾语（名词 / 名词短语 / 代词） Linda went

8、to school late because of the traffic jam for two months through the window at school in the morning on the desk in The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教师里读书。On The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。Over There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。Under The boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥

9、下行驶。By Our house is by the river.我们的房子在河边。Beside Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。Near I dont need a car because I live near the city centre .我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心next to My best friend sits next to me in class. Behind Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面形容词 +介词 Happy with/certain about/strict with/ready fo

10、r/good at/with/for 名词 +介词 Advice on/interest in/purpose of /success in 动词 +介词 Look at/ask for/get to/prepare for 6. 连词常用连词：时间连词 when, while（延续性动作） , as, until，since, before , after 并列连词 neither nor, both and, either or, not only but also常用连词 and, but, so, because；because不和 so 连用，有 although 不和 but 连用

11、表条件 if（如果，是否） & whether （是否）unless 除非in case万一表尽管 even if / even though 表结果 so that /Such that 如此以至于1.It is a nice house, _ it doesnA. and B. or C. but t have a garden.D. so 2.I am really sorry, _ I cant go swimming with you this Sunday. A. so B. and C. or D. but 3.Li Ming failed in the exam again,

12、_ he tried very hard. A. if B. so C. though D. but 特殊记忆： so.that/such.that的用法名词为可数名词单数时可以用 so/such：So +形容词 +a/an +单数名词 +that：She is so good a teacher that all of us love her Such +a/an +形容词 +单数名词 +that：She is such a good teacher that all of us love her 名词为可数名词复数或者不可数名词时：Such+形容词 +复数可数名词 +that 从句：The

13、y are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. Such+形容词 +不可数名词 +that 从句。如： It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home 当名词前面有 many，much，few，little 等表示数量多少的限定词时，只能用 so There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the build

14、ing. 当没有名词时，只能用 so He ran so fast that I couldn catch up with him. 7. 形容词和副词副词用在动词之前，形容词可放在名词前和 be 动词之后两种副词意思不同hard/ hardly 几乎不late/lately 最近deep/deeply 深深地straight/straightly 笔直的wide/widely 广泛地high/highly 高度地close/closely 紧密地bad/badly （badly needed 非常需要）a lonely house good/well （adj 指身体好的）alive 活的

15、/live 现场直播的 /lively 活跃的，生动的aloud（出声地，大声地，副词）修饰可数不可数：/loud （响亮的，形容词 / 副词） /loudly( 大声地，副词 ) many, a number of/numbers of, a great/good many; 修饰可数名词much, a great deal of, a huge amount of/huge amounts of, 修饰不可数名词plenty of, a lot of/lots of, a large quantity of/large quantities of. 可数 &不可数比较级 / 最高级：Goo

16、d better the best Bad worth the worst Far farther/further the farthest 距离 /furthest 程度8. 动词实义动词： eat,make,write,walk,go,stop,start,read 等系 动 词 ： be/am/is/are/was/were/感 官 动 词 （ feel,taste,smell,sound,look） / 含 有 “ 变 ” 的 动 词 ：become/get/grow/turn 助动词： Does/do/did/have/has/had 情态动词：等 can, may, must, n

17、eed, dare, could, might 动词不定式（ choose, go, decide）：动词 +疑问词 + to do/动词 +to do/动词 +object + to do 动名词： Dancing is her favorite hobby (谓语用单数 )/ Debbie enjoys smiling. (image, practice, finish, mind) 被动语态： 不及物动词没有被动语态 Happen ,sleep, run 特殊记忆： so.that/such.that的用法lie lied lied 规则撒谎（规则变化）lie lay lain 躺（不规

18、则变化）lay laid laid 放置/ 下蛋 rise rose risen 上升，提高（不规则变化）raise raised raised举起；筹集（规则变化）9. 三大从句 定语从句：引导词： who, whom, that ,whose （指人的时候）：he is a boy who likes watching basketball games which, that, whose（指物的时候）：the book which you bought is written by Khaled Hosseini when. where, why（副词引导）：I will never fo

19、rget the day when I joined the party. 宾语从句：动词宾语从句（ know, think, believe）：I think（that ）she is very outgoing 介词宾语从句： I thank you for what you have done for me 形容词宾语从句（ Glad /happy/sad/certain/sorry/surprised ）：I am sorry I am late 引导词： that 引导， that 可以省略： I am sorry (that) I am late Whether/if 引导： I

20、didnt know whether he will come or not when/where/why/how 引导： I can t understand why he is always late.状语从句：（时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，比较，让步，条件）时间： Every time I listen to your advice, I find the solution 比较： The house is three times as big as ours. 原因： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 目的： They star

21、ted early so that they caught the early bus. 条件： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to school时间状语从句 /原因状语从句 / 条件状语从句用法：主将从现或主过从过。主将从现：主句用了将来时，从句就要用现在时。主过从过：主句用了过去时，从句也要用过去时。10. 八大时态 一、 一般现在时（ always, usually, often, sometimes, every week, on Sundays）: It seldom snows here 二、 一般过去时（ ago, yesterday,

22、the day before yesterday, last week）：I didnt know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时（ look, listen, now, at this time, these days）：He is doing well in his lessons. come/ go /leave /begin/start （进行时表将来）Believe, understand, know, want, hear, smell, see, taste, like, hate, prefer, love（不用进行时的动词）四、 过去进行时（ at th

23、is time yesterday, at that time）：When he came in, I was reading a newspaper 五、 现在完成时（ recently, lately, since, for,in the past few years,）：Ive written an article. 六、 过去完成时（ before, by the end of last year）：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 七、 一般将来时（ tomorrow, next day, soon, in a few minutes）They are going to have a competition with us in studies. will do （未来要做的事情）；be going to do（意图做某事，有迹象要发生的事）; be to do （马上要做的事情）八、 过去将来时（ the next day, the following month）： He said he would go to Beijing the next w