今年的大众传媒的影响和力量

1、.：.；Activity 1The power and influence of the media群众传媒的影响和力量Two hundred years ago = 1 * GB3 , = 2 * GB3 it took several weeks for the news of the important Battle of Trafalgar to reach London. Nowadays, you can watch a terrorist = 3 * GB3 attack as it happens anywhere in the world. The communication

2、s revolution means = 4 * GB3 that we are constantly bombarded with = 5 * GB3 instant = 6 * GB3 news. This has great advantages, but it also raises = 7 * GB3 important questions.两百年前，重要的特拉法加战役的音讯到达伦敦要花好几周的时间。今天，他可以在事发当时看到世界上任何一个地方正在发生的恐惧袭击。通讯革命意味着我们正不断地遭到即时新闻的轰击。这有益处，但也引发了一些问题。 = 1 * GB3 ago通常都跟普经过去时

3、连用；另外还有last *，如：I lived here ten years ago, but now I am living in the city.I bought a colour TV last week, but it is not working now. = 2 * GB3 句型 “It takes(took) sb. some time to do sth. 做某事需求某人多少时间如：It will take me a month to finish the task. 我将要一个月来完成这个义务。It took me an hour to go to school from

4、home.我从家到学校花了一个小时。这个句型有时候可以用动词 spend 来表达，如上面两个句子：I will spend a month on the task.I spent an hour going to school from home. = 3 * GB3 ist 后缀，表示什么人： artist艺术家, tourist游客,feminist 女权主义者，specialist 专家，chemist 化学家； = 4 * GB3 mean:What do you mean? 他什么意思？Dont laugh, I mean it. 不要笑，我是说真的不是开玩笑。He means tr

5、ouble. 他存心闹事。Your friendship means a lot to me. 他和我的友谊对我意义艰苦。 = 5 * GB3 be bombarded with 受轰炸的，受包围的 = 6 * GB3 instant 快速的，立刻的：instant food 快餐，instant photo 即拍即有的相片 = 7 * GB3 raise举起，提起，升起及物动词，后面需带宾语, rise升起，提高不及物动词，后面不带宾语如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him. 他把声音提高以使得每个人都能听得到他。The s

6、un is rising( from the east).太阳正从东方升起来。这里from the east 是一个状语，并非rising的宾语。 He raised himself to shake hands with the doctor.他站起来跟医生握手。The doctor rose to greet him.那个医生站起来跟他打招呼。Satellites have = 1 * GB3 enabled immediate reporting worldwide. A reporter can send the news to a network like CBS News and

7、within seconds it can be all over the world. They send electronic reports that go straight into the newspaper or onto the TV screen. Reporters can now also transmit images through = 2 * GB3 their mobile phones. = 3 * GB3 Consequently, live, “on-the-spot reporting has become the norm and TV viewers c

8、an get a much better idea of what a natural disaster, a conflict or an interesting scientific discovery is like.卫星使全球报道成为能够。一位记者能将新闻传到如哥伦比亚新闻网这样的网络上，那么只需几秒钟全世界都会知道这那么新闻。卫星将电子报道直接传送到报纸或电视屏幕。记者们如今可以经过挪动来传输图象。其结果是，现场报道成为了一种规范。看电视的人们可以清楚地了解一种自然灾祸、一场冲突或一项有趣的科学发现是什么样的。 = 1 * GB3 en-当前缀，“置之中：encage 关入笼中； 配

9、以: enchain; 致使：enlarge 放大，使扩展， enrich 使富有，endanger 使濒临危险； in或加强的意思：enregister 登记，enbed 在床上 = 2 * GB3 through 穿过，贯穿；从头到尾，彻底 He was running through the street. 他跑着穿过条条街道。The sunlight goes through the window. 阳光穿过窗口。I havent read through the book yet. 我还没看完这本书。Youre through now. 他的接通了。We have been frie

10、nds so long I know you through and through. 我们是多年的朋友，我对他非常了解。be through with sb. 终了了shes through with her new boy-friend. 她跟新男朋友吹了。 = 3 * GB3 consequently ， as a result 表示因果关系的衔接词In recent years, several changes have occurred = 1 * GB3 in the ownership of news media. Networks 原文省略了which are owned by

11、 large companies and governments have become bigger and very powerful. These networks such as BBC News 24 are hungry for = 2 * GB3 news and have huge audiences. However, there can only be a limited number of such networks and their ownership is a big issue.近几年来，新闻媒体的一切权发生了一些变化。大公司和政府所拥有的网络正越来越强大。这些网

12、络，例如英国广播公司的新闻24，正盼望得到新闻，拥有庞大的受众。但这样强大的新闻网的数量是有限的，而它们的一切权问题是有争议的。 = 1 * GB3 happen, take place, occur 都有“发生之意，都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。但occur还有“存在、被发现、出现occur是比较正式的用语，可用于详细或笼统的事物，通常指按方案或规律在较为确定的时间“发生的事，在表示详细的事物时，可与happen换用。如：Im afraid that this would occur during my absence.= Im afraid that this would hap

13、pen during my absence.恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。但是，假设表示“某想法出如今人的头脑之中，这时不能用happen替代。Dose it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking?我时不时想的那件事他是不是也曾再他头脑中出现过？happen常指详细事件的发生，特别指那些偶尔的或未能预见的“发生。比如：New things are happening all around us.我们身边总有新事发生。Happen还可表示“碰巧；恰好之意。如：It happened that I had no money on me.我刚好没钱

14、了。take place通常指“(某事)按方案进展或按方案发生。比如：Great changes have taken place in China since.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。此外take place还有“举行之意。如：The meeting will take place next Friday.会议将在下周五举行。 = 2 * GB3 be hungry for sth. 盼望某事物 I am hungry for yourSome companies = 1 * GB3 not only own TV and radio networks but newspaper grou

15、ps as well. Who decides what news to publish and what sort of “spin to put on it? Is it always objective? There are now “spin doctors who manipulate the news, emphasizing certain(某个，某些) parts and not others and as a result, much of it is not neutral. Therefore, the question of control of the media m

16、atters very much. = 2 * GB3 In some cases, the media companies are more powerful than governments. They can even influence elections. So the question is should they be controlled and id so, by whom?一些公司不仅拥有电视和广播这样的新闻网，也有报业集团。那么由谁来决议公布哪些新闻并赋予这些新闻什么方式的言论导向呢？这些决议能够总是客观的吗？如今有一些言论支配者经过强调新闻中某些部分而不是其他部分来支配

17、新闻。最终，大部分的新闻都不能够坚持中立的立场。所以群众媒体的控制权问题就变得很重要。某些情况下，媒体公司比政府强大。他们甚至可以影响大选。接下来的问题是：这样一些媒体公司应该遭到监控吗？假设答案是一定的，由谁来监控他们呢？Activity 10Poll reveals TV news too negative民意检验显示电视新闻太消极 A recent Time / CNN poll in the USA has discovered that 75% of people agreed that the news media is “sensationalist = 1 * GB3 , 63

18、% found it “too negative and 73% said they are “skeptical about the accuracy of the news they are receiving.最近一期的时代周刊/美国有限新闻的民意检验显示75%的人赞同新闻媒体具有“煽动性，63%的人以为它“太消极，73%的人表示对所收到新闻的“准确性表示疑心。留意这段里时态的运用和数字的表达。 = 1 * GB3 sense 觉得，视觉、听觉、味觉v. mon sense 常识She has a keen sense of hearing. 她的听觉很敏锐。What you say m

19、akes no sense. 他说的话没有道理。make sense 有意义、有道理、讲得通I can sense that she doesnt like the idea. 我能觉得到她不喜欢这个主意。Sensation 感受，觉得Massage produces wonderful sensations. 按摩可产生温馨的觉得。Some sensation is coming back to my arm. 我的胳膊逐渐恢复了一些知觉。sensational 惊动的，群情激动的a sensational crime 骇人听闻的罪案sensationalism, sensationalis

20、t = 2 * GB3 skeptical “对主张，许愿等持疑心态度，不信任的be skeptical of / about ; Suspicious “对有疑心 I am suspicious of his intention. 我对他的目的怀有戒心。 Scientists remain skeptical about the value of the research program. 科学家们对此项研讨的意义持疑心态度。Local news programmes in the USA are = 1 * GB3 so dominated by stories of violence a

21、nd crime that other topics like government, education and the environment = 2 * GB3 are left with little airtime(广播时间). Network broadcaster John Walters = 3 * GB3 claimed, “This lack = 4 * GB3 (shortage) of information has resulted in negative feelings towards the media.美国地方新闻节目充斥着暴力和犯罪故事。因此，其他方面如政府

22、、教育和环境的报道所占的播出时间那么很少。有线新闻播音员约翰 沃尔特声称， “信息的缺失导致人们对群众媒体的负面心情。 = 1 * GB3 so that 太 以致 She is so beautiful that he fell in love with her at first sight. 她是如此美丽以致他看到她的第一眼就爱上她了。 = 2 * GB3 be left with 剩余，留下He was left with nothing. 他什么东西也没有了。 = 3 * GB3 claim 要求 ：claim ownership of the land 要求这块土地的拥有权索赔：cl

23、aim the insurance 索取保险金声称，断言：She claims she is related to the Queen. 她声称和女王有亲戚关系。claim sth. back 索回 = 4 * GB3 lack 缺乏，短少不用于被动语态v. n.They lacked the money to send him to university. 他们没钱送他上大学。lack for sth. (need sth. ) 需求某事物They lacked for nothing. 他们什么也不缺。The project had to be cancelled for lack of

24、funds. 工程因资金缺乏而取消。Crime reports, which often serve as lead stories, make up = 1 * GB3 an average of 30.2% of news time on local TV news programmes in the USA. Media researcher Bob Smith reported, “53% of crime reports are about murder, but it is one of the least frequently = 2 * GB3 committed crimes

25、. Another media study = 3 * GB3 revealed that 42% of all local TV news broadcasts are stories about crime, disaster and war.有关犯罪的报道通常是头条新闻，它们在美国的地方新闻节目中占用了平均30.2%的新闻时间。媒体研讨员鲍勃史密思报道，“53%的犯罪报道是有关凶杀的，但凶杀只是较少实施的犯罪之一。另一项媒体研讨显示42%的地方电视新闻是有关犯罪、灾难和战争的。 = 1 * GB3 make up 组成，构成；弥补，化装I will make up for you los

26、t.我会弥补他的损失。She spent half an hour making up before going out.她在出门前花了半个小时化装。1consist of, be made up of, be composed of 这三个动词短语，虽然都表示“由构成的意思，但 consist of 多用于提到一切参与构成的成分时；而 be made up of 那么多用于细分一种构造或该构造的某一部分时；be composed of 常用于提到构成某一构造的资料时，或用于参与构成的部分没有数量限制时。例：The committee consists of ten members. 这个委员

27、会由十人组成。Animal bodies are made up of cells. 动物的身体是由细胞组成的。Tissue is composed of cells/组织是由细胞组成的。2make up; compose 表示哪些部分组成了某个构造。例：The forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain make up of the brain. /前脑、中脑和后脑组成了大脑。The pons, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata composed the hindbrain. /脑桥、小脑和延髓组成了后脑。 = 2 * GB3 commit 犯Commit suicide, murdeOne possible reason for this is that local television news is ratings driven. Some market research suggests that viewers like to see stories of crime and violence, which inc