问卷调查设计权威样板(英文版)教学课件(21p)

1、 Designing and Using Questionnaires common ways to get information literature searchestalking with peoplefocus groupspersonal interviewstelephone surveysand mail surveys. Advantages of Written Questionnaires Questionnaires are very cost effective Questionnaires are easy to analyze Questionnaires are

2、 familiar to most people Questionnaires reduce bias Questionnaires are less intrusive than telephone or face-to-face surveys Disadvantages Of Written Questionnaires the possibility of low response rates the inability to probe responses By allowing frequent space for comments, the researcher can part

3、ially overcome this disadvantage Gestures and other visual cues are not available with written questionnaires the respondent may not be who you think it is questionnaires are simply not suited for some people Selecting Your Sample decide what kind of people to interview. Avoid a Biased Sample (Engli

4、sh & non-English majors)decide how many people you need to interview Quotas A Quota is a sample size for a sub-group. For example, men and women have somewhat different opinions in many areas. Questionnaire Design - General Considerations Well-defined goals are the best way to assure a good question

5、naire design Formulate a plan for doing the statistical analysis during the design stage of the projectInclude other experts and relevant decision-makers in the questionnaire design process Use professional production methods for the questionnaire-either desktop publishing or typesetting and keylini

6、ng Questionnaire Design - General ConsiderationsMake the envelope unique Provide a well-written cover letter Provide incentives as a motivation for a properly completed questionnaire. Give your questionnaire a title that is short and meaningful to the respondent Keep your questionnaire shortInclude

7、clear and concise instructions on how to complete the questionnaire If a questionnaire is more than a few pages and is held together by a staple, include some identifying data on each page Questionnaire Design - General ConsiderationsUse simple and direct languageMake it convenient. Always consider

8、the layout of your questionnaire. Leave adequate space for respondents to make comments. Leave a space at the end of a questionnaire entitled Other Comments. Try to keep your answer spaces in a straight line, either horizontally or vertically. . Questionnaire Design - General ConsiderationsBegin wit

9、h a few non-threatening and interesting items Place the most important items in the first half of the questionnaireIf you have used a particular scale before and need to compare results, use the same scale. Always present agree-disagree choices in that order. Positive to negative and excellent to po

10、or scales should be presented in those orders. When using numeric rating scales higher numbers should mean a more positive or more agreeing answer. The final test of a questionnaire is to try it on representatives of the target audience. Question Types Qualities of a Good Question 1. Evokes the trut

11、h. Questions must be non-threatening. 2. Asks for an answer on only one dimension. Were you satisfied with the quality of our food and service? 3. Can accommodate all possible answers. What brand of computer do you own? _ A. IBM PC B. Apple 3. There are two ways to correct this kind of problem.The f

12、irst way is to make each response a separate dichotomous item on the questionnaire. For example: Do you own an IBM PC? (circle: Yes or No) Do you own an Apple computer? (circle: Yes or No)Another way to correct the problem is to add the necessary response categories and allow multiple responses. Thi

13、s is the preferable method because it provides more information than the previous method. What brand of computer do you own? (Check all that apply) _ Do not own a computer _ IBM PC _ Apple _ OtherQualities of a Good Question4. Has mutually exclusive options. Where did you grow up? _ A. country B. fa

14、rm C. city5. Produces variability of responses. What do you think about this report? A. Its the worst report Ive read B. Its somewhere between the worst and best C. Its the best report Ive readAre you against campus love? (circle: Yes or No) Qualities of a Good Question6. Follows comfortably from th

15、e previous question. Grouping questions that are similar will make the questionnaire easier to complete, and the respondent will feel more comfortable. 7. Does not presuppose a certain state of affairs. Are you satisfied with your current auto insurance? (Yes or No) One of the most common mistaken a

16、ssumptions is that the respondent knows the correct answer to the question. What percent of your budget do you spend on direct mail advertising ? _ Qualities of a Good Question8. Does not imply a desired answer. Wouldnt you like to receive our free brochure?Dont you think the Congress is spending to

17、o much money? 9. Does not use emotionally loaded or vaguely defined words. Quantifying adjectives (e.g., many) 10. Does not use unfamiliar words or abbreviations. What was your AGI last year? _Qualities of a Good Question11. Is not dependent on responses to previous questions. An example of branchin

18、g is:1. Do you currently have a life insurance policy ? (Yes or No) If no, go to question 32. How much is your annual life insurance premium ? _These questions could easily be rewritten as one question that applies to everyone:1. How much did you spend last year for life insurance ? _ 12. Does not a

19、sk the respondent to order or rank a series of more than five items. Pre-notification Letters1. Briefly describe why the study is being done and identify the sponsors. 2. Explain why the person receiving the pre-letter was chosen to receive the questionnaire.3. Justify why the respondent should comp

20、lete the questionnaire. 4. Explain how the results will be used.Cover Letters1. Describe why the study is being done (briefly) and identify the sponsors.2. Mention the incentive. (A good incentive is a copy of the results).3. Mention inclusion of a stamped, self-addressed return envelope.4. Encourag

21、e prompt response without using deadlines.5. Describe your confidentiality/anonymity policy.6. Give the name and phone number of someone they can call with questions.Thanks for Your Attention1、不是井里没有水，而是你挖的不够深。不是成功来得慢，而是你努力的不够多。2、孤单一人的时间使自己变得优秀，给来的人一个惊喜，也给自己一个好的交代。3、命运给你一个比别人低的起点是想告诉你，让你用你的一生去奋斗出一个绝

22、地反击的故事，所以有什么理由不努力!4、心中没有过分的贪求，自然苦就少。口里不说多余的话，自然祸就少。腹内的食物能减少，自然病就少。思绪中没有过分欲，自然忧就少。大悲是无泪的，同样大悟无言。缘来尽量要惜，缘尽就放。人生本来就空，对人家笑笑，对自己笑笑，笑着看天下，看日出日落，花谢花开，岂不自在，哪里来的尘埃!5、心情就像衣服，脏了就拿去洗洗，晒晒，阳光自然就会蔓延开来。阳光那么好，何必自寻烦恼，过好每一个当下，一万个美丽的未来抵不过一个温暖的现在。6、无论你正遭遇着什么，你都要从落魄中站起来重振旗鼓，要继续保持热忱，要继续保持微笑，就像从未受伤过一样。7、生命的美丽，永远展现在她的进取之中;就像大树的美丽，是展现在它负势向上高耸入云的蓬勃生机中;像雄鹰的美丽，是展现在它搏风击雨如苍天之魂的翱翔中;像江河的美丽，是展现在它波涛汹涌一泻千里的奔流中。8、有些事，不可避免地发生，阴晴圆缺皆有规律，我们只能坦然地接受;有些