KinesiologyLaboratory8UniversityofMassachusetts…：运动机能学实验室8…课件

1、Kinesiology Laboratory 8Posture and Gait Analysis第1页，共24页。Stand so that the line is slightly anterior to lateral malleoliLateral Plumb Line第2页，共24页。*Plumb line should be equidistant from both feetAnterior/Posterior Plumb Line第3页，共24页。Normal Vertical Plumb Line Analysis* Plumb line should be slightly

2、 posterior to the center of the hip joint and only slightly anterior to the knee and ankle joint.第4页，共24页。Normal Spinal CurvaturePosterior concave curves are termed LordosisPosterior convex curves are termed KyphosisFlattening or increases in curvature beyond baseline are postural abnormalities that

3、 lead to increase stress on joints and surrounding structures.第5页，共24页。SubjectHand Dominance (R/L)Higher Shoulder (R/L)123456789101112131415第6页，共24页。KneeGenu recurvatum-Plumb line will fall anterior to knee capLateral Deviations第7页，共24页。AnkleHyperpronationSupinationPosterior/Anterior Deviations第8页，共

4、24页。Anterior/Posterior DeviationsKneeVargusValgus第9页，共24页。HipDifferent Iliac Crest heightsLateral gluteal fold deviationsSpineLateral deviations (Scoliosis)ScapulaWingingShouldersDifferent HeightsPosterior/Anterior Deviations第10页，共24页。Shortened Achilles Tendon due to increased plantar flexionCenter

5、of gravity shifted forwardCompensation causes Increased lumbar lordosisStress on kneesChanges in Posture: High Heels第11页，共24页。Normal Gait第12页，共24页。RLA vs Traditional TerminologyTraditionalRLASTANCESTANCEHeel StrikeInitial ContactFlat FootLoading ResponseMid-StanceMid-StanceHeel-OffTerminal StancePus

6、h-OffToe-OffPre-SwingSWINGSWINGAccelerationInitial SwingMid SwingMid SwingDecelerationTerminal Swing第13页，共24页。Ankle: Neutral (isometric contraction of dorsiflexors)Knee: Slight Flexion (eccentric of knee extensors)Hip: 30 degrees Flexion (isometric of hip extensors)Trunk: Rotated to Opposite Side (i

7、sometric of erector spinae group)Body weight shifts to stance legHeel Strike第14页，共24页。Ankle: 5-10 degrees of Plantar Flexion (eccentric dorsiflexors)Knee: 15 degrees of Flexion (eccentric quadriceps)Hip: Moving into Extension (isometric extensors)Body weight continues to shift stance footFlat Foot第1

8、5页，共24页。Ankle: Dorsiflexion (eccentric plantarflexors)Knee: Extension (no contraction)Hip: Extension (concentric extensors and abductors)Trunk: NeutralSingle limb support occursHighest level of horizontal displacement of center of gravity and vertical displacement of center of gravityMid-Stance第16页，

9、共24页。Ankle: initially dorsiflexion, moving into plantar flexion (for push off) (concentric plantar flexors)Knee: extension (eccentric quads)Hip: Hyperextension (isometric extensors, eccentric hip flexors) Trunk: Rotation to same sideHeel Off 第17页，共24页。Toes: HyperextensionAnkle: Plantar flexion appox

10、. 10-15 degrees (concentric plantar flexors)Knee: Flexion to 30 degrees (eccentric quads)Hip: Moving into Flexion (concentric hip flexors)Toe Off第18页，共24页。Ankle: Moves into dorsiflexion (concentric dorsiflexors)Knee: Flexion (eccentric quads)Hip: (concentric flexors)Acceleration第19页，共24页。Ankle: Neut

11、ral (isometric dorsiflexion)Knee: 60 degrees of Flexion (eccentric quads)Hip: 25 degrees of Flexion (concentric hip flexors)Mid Swing第20页，共24页。Ankle: Neutral (isometric dorsiflexors)Knee: Full Extension (eccentric hamstrings)Hip: Flexion (eccentric extensors)Deceleration第21页，共24页。Gait AnalysisStep l

12、ength is the distance between the point of initial contact of one foot and the point of initial contact of the opposite foot. In normal gait, right and left step lengths are similar.Stride length is the distance between successive points of initial contact of the same foot. Right and left stride len

13、gths are normally equal.Cadence or walking rate is calculated in steps per minute.Walking base is the sum of the perpendicular distances from the points of initial contact of the right and left feet to the line of forward progression.Foot angle or toe out describes an angle between the line of progression and a line drawn between the midpoints of the calcaneus and the second metatarsal head.第22页，共24页。/watch?NR=1&v=IuEeKzqsfmk&feature=endscreenTrendelenburg Sign Vs Trendelenburg Gait第23页，共24页。Final