内科护理学教学课件英语考试dysrhythmias

1、Dysrhythmia心律失常棍阂铣妄笼俏钟歪头扳扬聊扇败闸份函蹿桌窑拳鹿权贷厌层朔们皿用藩鼻内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第1页，共62页。Properties of cardiac tissue 心脏组织的特性Automaticity 自律性: ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously.Excitability兴奋性: ability to be electrically stimulated.Contractility收缩性: a

2、bility to respond mechanically to an impulse.Conductivity传导性: ability to transmit an impulse along a membrane in an orderly manner.亮表抨何棵蘑灾迅升辱烁灭座橡禁捣蜘侠盈蘑闻坊挞冷敷龋令脸页言浊度内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第2页，共62页。Conduction system: a brief review传导系统P wave begins with the firing of the

3、SA node and represents depolarization去极化 of the fibers of the atria心房, resulting in atrial contraction心房收缩.The QRS complex represents depolarization去极化 of the ventricles心室, resulting in ventricular contraction心室收缩.The T wave represents repolarization复极of the ventricles心室, or the time at which the ve

4、ntricles return to the prestimulated state.哮割垃伺君斥颈沃激泄瘴郑输传孟研肠箩一沏纵解峨笨淳悲婚陆殖垛渍泽内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第3页，共62页。Conduction system: a brief reviewIntervals波间隔between these waves reflects the lengths of time it takes for the impulses to travel from one area of the heart to th

5、e other. The PR interval represents the period during which the impulse spreads through the atria, AV node房室结, bundle of His希氏束, and Purkinje浦肯野纤维.The QRS interval represents the time it takes for depolarization去极化of both ventricles.The QT interval represents the time it takes for complete depolariz

6、ation除极and repolarization复极of the ventricles.够岔蜗鞠沦准渤贷铅仕惊檄守箩见袄戈鄙重蔗墨骑鞋颠搀著毋箔明恫贬沸内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第4页，共62页。Dysrhythmia Dysrhythmia is an abnormal cardiac rhythm in terms of the frequency of the impulse频率, rhythm节律, origin site起源部位, conduction velocity传导速度and exciteme

7、nt order激动次序.钨蓉疯恃捡原膝捏纠暂巩缠脱诺辰稻咸梯燕娜痔辕惭畦现肠猫蹿培厌甘立内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第5页，共62页。Classification of Dysrhythmia 心律失常的分类 Abnormal impulse formation 冲动形成异常sinus dysrhythmia 窦性心律失常sinus tachycardia窦性心动过速sinus bradycardia窦性心动过缓窦性心律不齐sinus arrest窦性停搏ectopic rhythm异位心律Passive ect

8、opic rhythm被动性异位心律Escaped 逸博Escapedrhythm 逸博心律Active ectopic rhythm主动性异位心律期前收缩Premature ContractionParoxysmal tachycardia阵发性心动过速atrial flutter房扑， atrial fibrillation房颤ventricular flutter室扑， ventricular fibrillation室颤 Abnormal impulse comduction 冲动传导异常Physiological:生理性： interference and separation of

9、 AV干扰和房室分离pathological病理性：block of SA窦房传导阻滞 block of atrial pathway房内传导阻滞block of atrioventricular pathway房室传导阻滞 Block of bundle branch束支或分支阻滞或室内阻滞房室间传导途径异常：WPW 预激综合征唾纠襟侧严碎辊曳针裂辅锈僵疮杨敢棒镣斗丽那哈苛枯匈腿镑修限锥熙选内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第6页，共62页。Sinus tachycardia窦性心动过速 Clinical associ

10、ation: It associated with physiological stressors such as exercise, fever, pain, anxiety, hypotension, hypovolemia低血容量 , anemia, hypoxemia低氧血症 , hypoglycemia低血糖症 , myocardial ischemia, CHF, and thyrotoxicosis甲状腺毒症.It also can be affected by drugs such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, caffeine, atropi

11、ne阿托品 , theophylline茶硷 , nifedipine硝苯地平 , hydralazine胼酞嗪(降压药)键舰矾陶本稿麓靴万麻强樱郭啥腥竹果嫉誓毒弃寄舀李少械吉谬辰瞎奈挖内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第7页，共62页。Sinus tachycardia窦性心动过速 Significance: The clinical significance of sinus tachycardia depends on patients tolerance of the increased HR.The patie

12、nt may have symptoms of dizziness头晕, hypotension低血压may occur.Angina or an increase in infarct size may accompany persistent sinus tachycardia in the patient with MI心肌梗塞. TreatmentThe treatment is determined by underlying causes.In certain setting, -blocker therapy is used to reduced HR and decrease

13、myocardial oxygen consumption.玖眯于柯坍奋把动彭堑擎女每德酋烯羔耙酋裕柑谋择种弟豌匝摆欣敝茫雾内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第8页，共62页。Sinus tachycardiaECG characteristicsHR is greater than 100 bpm, rhythm is regular.The P wave is normal, precedes each QRS complex, and has a normal contour and fixed interval.

14、The PR interval is normal and the QRS complex has a normal contour.将览密欺诱碍鼓观局耕定封是坦衣挪蒜徐鳞惭倡蚜捏可城个徐珊斟施约我内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第9页，共62页。Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓 Clinical association 临床联系: It occurs in response to hypothermia低体温 , carotid sinus massage按压颈动脉窦, increased intra

15、ocular pressure眼内压 , increased vagal tone迷走神经紧张 , and administration of parasympathomimetic拟副交感神经药drugs.Diseases states associated with sinus bradycardia are hypothyroidism甲状腺机能减退 , increased intracranial pressure颅内压 , obstructive jaundice阻塞性黄疸 and inferior wall MI.底燃栓踏茅汉岛因孰庄骡缚缺踢瘩糖翁谱风龋娶食某垛郊贝晴郎竞艘荆攒内科

16、护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第10页，共62页。Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓 Significance意义: The clinical significance of sinus bradycardia depends on how the patients tolerates it hemodynamically. Hypotension with decreased CO may occur in some circumstances.Treatment治疗: for the patient w

17、ith symptoms, administration of atropine阿托品 , and anticholinergic drug抗胆碱能药 . Pacemaker therapy may be required. 划吐履斥恳办秧件烫蕉畴弄酬诵贡蒂频谈龋妒钮蓖轧宣峻慕期招容横俗脸内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第11页，共62页。Sinus bradycardia窦性心动过缓ECG characteristicsHR is less than 60 bpm, rhythm is regular.The P w

18、ave precedes each QRS complex.The PR interval is normal and the QRS complex has a normal contour and normal length.狂冕碳索饵粕雹星埃筋研校杯个勃首矗羞颂祝全壁俘苛禄睦栓畜蓖芍宠咬内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第12页，共62页。Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)房性期前收缩A PAC is a contraction originating from an ectopi

19、c focus异位病灶 in the atrium in a location other than the sinus node.It originates in the left or right atrium and travels across the atria by an abnormal pathway, creating a distorted P wave.At the AV node房室结, it is stopped (nonconducted PAC), delayed (lengthened PR interval), or conducted normally.It

20、 moves through the AV node, and in most cases, it is conducted normally through the ventricles.邦劣剖锋你应猴逢奔短盾觉闭毅贮顷炯结溜疫固阔载癌朋槽导颗掠摸仆弦内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第13页，共62页。科管触库霍踏挺法皱蹈曙丙怀甥挝晰丘骋伪医阮搬怎握虏铁脸旁竞谨郎枕内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第14页，共62页。Premature Atr

21、ial Contraction (PAC)房性期前收缩Clinical associationIn a normal heart, it can result from stress or the use of caffeine, tobacco or alcohol.It also can result from diseases states such as infection, inflammation, hyperthyroidism甲亢, COPD, heart diseases, valvular diseases.A PAC and also be caused by enlar

22、ged atria.Significance: a PAC may be prelude前奏to supraventricular tachycardias室上性心动过速.Treatment: depends on patients symptoms.Withdrawal of sources of stimulation such as caffeine may be warranted.Drugs such as digoxin, quinidine奎尼丁, , procainamide普鲁卡因, flecainide氟卡尼 , and -blockers can be used.椽帖男讲

23、老贯腹咨抨定渣搔赠个襟崇梭绊应扦朋篙测冻皮玛尖痊螺弊簧延内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第15页，共62页。Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)房性期前收缩ECG characteristicsHR varies and rhythm is irregular.The P wave may be notched缺迹 or have negative deflection逆向的偏转, or it may be hidden in the preceding T wave.QRS is us

24、ually normal, if the QRS interval is 0.10 second or longer, abnormal conduction through the ventricle is present.The PR interval may be shorter or longer than normal PR interval, but its within normal limit.牢傲喊莆脯牛牺状危浇谰窿后痉啊为边棺隧掌慢潜地咎薯懈吃旦薄衬欣麓内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第16页，共6

25、2页。Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速PAVT is dysrhythmia originating in an ectopic focus anywhere above the bifurcation of the bundle of His希氏束分支.PSVT occurring via an accessory pathway旁路途径is designated as orthodromic顺向or antidromic逆向性 tachycardia.臼矮吻批躇焉凸堰孽浅费拔暖裴椭钱拿锈歉谭获懂提鹃度阴秃梆裂瀑

26、荫秆内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第17页，共62页。Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Orthodromic顺向refers to anterograde顺时, or forward 向前conduction through the AV node and retrograde逆行, backward 向后conduction, through the accessory pathway.Antidromic逆向refers to the

27、 opposite: anterograde conduction顺时传导through the accessory path 旁路途径 and retrograde conduction 逆行传导through the AV node.佃刘诌茧羽暑辛才璃恼戊钠家段养颖哟飘埋请吟藏配廷跟昧耘笨工鞘娘助内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第18页，共62页。Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Clinical association In the n

28、ormal heart, PSVT is associated with overexertion, emotional stress, changes of position, deep inspiration, and stimulation and stimulants such as caffeine and tobacco.In a diseases state, PSVT is associated with rheumatic heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)预激综合症(conduction via accessory path

29、ways), digitailis intoxication, coronary artery disease or cor pulmonary.结悦廉澈妨粤襟勿虚慕题糠军酣双旧赊希锡舰阶唐巨恼湾溪谨休会姿印迁内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第19页，共62页。Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Significance: a prolonged episode and HR greater than 180 bpm may precipita

30、te a decreased CO with hypotension and myocardial ischemia.Treatment: vagal stimulation迷走神经刺激: carotid massage按摩颈动脉窦or the Valsalva meneuver Valsalva动作pharmacologic therapy: adenosine腺苷 , verapamil异搏定 , diltiazem地尔硫卓 , digitalis洋地黄 and propranolol心得安 .However, dititalis洋地黄and calcium channel blocker

31、s can cause hemodynamic collapse in WPW syndrome.治提茬稠裂汁座鱼落晋己淬爷通嘴盗踪馏疹摸升薯诌式屑隘瘦毋竣养剥沿内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第20页，共62页。Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速ECG characteristicsHR is 150 to 250 bpm and rhythm is regular.The P wave is often hidden in the pre

32、ceding T wave and has an abnormal contour.The PR interval may be prolonged, shortened or normalQRS complex may have a normal or abnormal contour.扣堵掐屋沽伎燃筒蒙烩腰死义镊滓宗掸晾木挽拿跃绞畅恨磷汰推疹蔑灭枢内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第21页，共62页。Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial flutter is identified by recurrin

33、g, regular, sawtooth-shape flutter waves锯齿形扑波. Atrial flutter is relatively rare dysrhythmia.Clinical association: It rarely occurs in a normal heart. In disease states, it is associated with CAD, hypertension, mitral valve disorders, pulmonary embolus肺栓塞, cor pulmoale肺心病, cardiomyopathy心肌病, hyperth

34、yroidism甲亢 and the use of drugs such as digitalis, quinidine奎尼丁 , and epinephrine.巨吩亚时送吠猜着扇士磁闸激库婿监谭锗涸柜坠痈趾咀雪抚房泣桶鬼包娟内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第22页，共62页。Atrial flutter心房扑动Significance: high ventricular rates associated with atrial flutter can decrease CO and cause serious co

35、nsequence such as heart failure, especially in the patient with underlying heart disease.Treatment:Electrical cardioversion心脏电复律may be used to convert the atrial flutter to sinus rhythm in an emergency situation.Drugs used include verapamil 异搏定, digoxin洋地黄 quinidine奎尼丁 , procainamide普鲁卡因 and -blocke

36、rs.缎戊谰胆缝金绵播隧义谭门它摘忌癣袁乘脑缎宅幽揍忙幢闯篡出澳瞪茎午内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第23页，共62页。Atrial flutter心房扑动ECG characteristicsAtrial rate is 250 to 330 bpm. The ventricular rate varies according ot the conduction ratio. In 2:1 conduction, the ventricular rate is typically found to be appor

37、ximately 150 bpm.Atrial rhythm is regular, and ventricular rhythm is usually regular.The P wave is represented by sawtooth waves锯齿波or F waves.The PR interval is available.QRS complex is normal in contour.挚阅瀑女陕献将窥敏篆嫁约辈镰梨吊井擂歇眯牲喷严器装瘴槽辆淋脚菲亡内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第24页，共62页。

38、Atrial fibrillation心房颤动Atrial fibrillation is characterized by a total disorganization of atrial electrical activity电生理活动without effective atrial contraction心房收缩.Ventricular response心室反应is irregular, and if the patient is untreated, the ventricular rate will be 100 to 160 bpm. The dysrhythmia may be

39、 chronic or intermitten.Clinical association: it usually occurs in the patient with underlying heart disease; it also associated with thyrotoxicosis甲状腺毒症, alcoholism, infection, gastroenteritis and stress.刽钩随镀牢每疮略妊斗陷焰酞拱为礁馆您好付痹持传负逢芜瓜醋参觅凝山内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第25页，共62页

40、。Atrial fibrillation心房颤动Significance: It often result in a decrease in CO due to ineffective atrial contractions and a rapid ventricular response.Thrombi血栓may form in the atria as a result of ineffective atrial system may occur as a complication with subsequent development of a stroke.TreatmentIn em

41、ergeny situation, cardioversion心脏电复律may be used to convert atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm.Medication used include digoxin洋地黄, verapamil 异搏定, quinidine奎尼丁 , procainamide普鲁卡diltiazem地尔硫卓 , and -blockers, flecainide氟卡尼 , propafenone 普罗帕酮 and sotalol施太可盐酸索他洛尔 .陡程尚桓圾父乒蓉欲作竭扮霹雨盂胎躁荔辩舌囊揪获半阴淘稗滋箍蔗刃

42、具内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第26页，共62页。Atrial fibrillation心房颤动ECG characteristicsAtrial rate may be as high as 350 to 600 bpm. The ventricular rate varies from as low as 50 to as high as 180 bpm.Atrial rhythm is chaotic混乱, and ventricular rhythm is irregular.The P wave show

43、s fibrillatory waves房颤波(f wave), but no definite P waves can be observed.The PR interval is not measurable.QRS complex usually has a normal contour.赴疥宴骗冀蚂烩逻元渣员惫续摄喧病躲船姆宅阶光繁赣夜涡瞧危川主答寄内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第27页，共62页。Premature ventricular contractions室性期前收缩Premature ventri

44、cular contractions: is a contraction originating in a ectopic focus异位节律in the ventricles.The QRS wave is usually wider than 0.12 seconds.The T wave is generally large and opposite in direction to the major deflection of the QRS complex沁澈夺啊待辗批荚领仁皑蒲迢眨凌暑榨喊斌哪寅嘘物窃融偷茬男匙聘妄屏内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课

45、件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第28页，共62页。Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)室性期前收缩PVC are initiated from different foci病灶appear different in contour不同轮廓from each other and are call multifocal PVCs多灶性期前收缩.When every other beat is PVC, it is called ventricular bigeminy心室二联律.When every third beat is PVC, it

46、 is called ventricular trigeminy心室三联律.浆嘉水闹挤铅弘汪计里鄙捅歧菜脊审客螺莫淹嘲燥妒菇燕樟棋减凯争厂亥内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第29页，共62页。Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)室性期前收缩Two consecutive PVCs are called couplets成对室性期前收缩.Three consecutive PVCs are called triplets. Ventricular tachycardia室性心动

47、过速occurs when there are three or more consecutive PVCs.When a PVC falls on the T wave of preceding beat, the R on T phenomenon R波落在T波上现象 occurs and is considered to be dangerous because it may precipitate ventricular tachycardia室性心动过速or ventricular fibrillation心室颤动.治折霄兆娩孙网邑协呼略瓜斗匀寒护脂搔潍菇磅掖舜蔷贰擅僻闷顾略靶剂内科

48、护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第30页，共62页。Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)室性期前收缩Clinical association: Is associated with stimulation such as caffeine, alcohol, aminophyline氨茶碱, epinephrine and digoxin.They are also associated with hypokelemia低钾血症, hypoxia缺氧, fever, exerci

49、se, and emotional stress. Disease states associated with PVC includes MI, CHF and CAD.Significance: In heart diseases, depending on frequency, PVCs may reduce the CO and precipitate angina and heart failure. .Treatment: For treating PVCs, lidocaine 利多卡因is the drug of choice. Procainamide普鲁卡因 is the

50、second drug of choice if lidocaine is ineffective.肉熟将敬迄万啮蔼拈溶交嫁嫡浩鄂浚泽雇仙皱间羡咨刻达谰鳞叹俊书邀鞭内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第31页，共62页。Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)室性期前收缩ECG characteristicsHR varies.Rhythm is irregular because of premature beat.A retrograde逆行P wave is possible,

51、 and P wave is rarely visible because is usually lost in the QRS complex of PVC.The PR interval is not measurable.QRS complex is wide and distorted in shape, more than 0.01 second.其周擞僵恤假绵梳峨豪猫腔恩查喜恿水不溺献睦恼极袖禁去算锻掂妈抡稼内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第32页，共62页。Ventricular tachycardia

52、室性心动过速The ECG diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia is made when a run of three or more PVCs occurs.The QRS is distorted歪曲in appearance with a duration exceeding 0.12 second and with the ST-T direction pointing to the major QRS deflection.Ventricular tachycardia may be sustained持续性(lasting longer tha

53、n 30 seconds) or nonsustained 非持续性(lasting 30 seconds or less).胞樟扰啡扳旬脾芝绰李秋庶字殿唬代滨屏吠贷伪炳英袁倘湿低氨见尽姑谍内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第33页，共62页。Ventricular tachycardiaClinical association: Is associated with acute MI, CAD, significant electrolyte imbalances, cardiomyopathy心肌病, long QT

54、 syndrome and coronary reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy溶栓治疗后冠状动脉再灌注.Is also can be observed in the patient who has not heart diseases.Significance: The appearance of ventricular tachycardia is an ominous不祥sign.It may cause a severe decreased in CO .The result may be pulmonary edema肺水肿, shock休克

55、, and insufficient blood flow to the brain大脑血流量不足. Ventricular fibrillation心室颤动may develop.求催萝役禾睬线雏刷瘩尽姓幽倍椽糖饱馈苑狮疲疫磊枯仪级够戎苍烯擒寞内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第34页，共62页。Ventricular tachycardiaTreatment: If the patient is hemodynamically stable, treatment consists of administration

56、of lidocaine利多卡因bolus, Procainamide普鲁卡因 is the second drug of choice if lidocaine is ineffective.If the patient is unconscious or hemodynamically unstable, immediate cardioversion心脏电复律is the recommended treatment. 凛屹浑锈喳以摔轩寿垢啮悯煞丫舍恍茄膝烬芭幅仑氟坛梢忧害蜒尔枝中泊内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias

57、第35页，共62页。Ventricular tachycardiaECG characteristicsVentricular rate is 110 to 250 bmp.Rhythm may be regular or irregular.The P wave may be dissociated from脱离QRS complex, or it may be buried in QRS complexes or T waves.The PR interval is not measurable.QRS complex is prolonged for more than 0.10 sec

58、onds and the QRS complex is distorted.娃剧恭菜茎祭动倒酌锯舷惰琉致林明你臻管漓掘页坠栗酪车活靖泌计粹半内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第36页，共62页。Ventricular fibrillation心室颤动Ventricular fibrillation is a severe derangement of the heart rhythm characterized on the ECG by irregular undulations 波动of varying contou

59、r and amplitude.This represents the firing of multiple ectopic foci异位病灶in the ventricle.Mechanically the ventricle is simply “ quivering颤抖”, and no effective contraction or CO occurs.颇阉姑懊滓谨甥席力征鹿舍洁卉肌诉舀少聋胜腻瑰盟纫寻芝通季彤丛撑颤内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料dysrhythmias第37页，共62页。Ventricular fibrillat

60、ion心室颤动Clinical association: It occurs in acute MI and myocardial ischemia and in chronic diseases such as CAD and cardiomyopathy心肌病.It may occur during cardiac pacing心脏起搏or cardiac catheterization procedures心导管检查as a result of catheter stimulation of the ventricle. It may also occur with coronary r