财经英语语法构词法

1、构词法 (Word Formation) 英语主要有三种构词法: 1.派生(Derivation): 2.合成(Compounding): 3.转化(Conversion) 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy- unhappy (加前缀) - happiness (加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. wood(木)+ cut(刻)-woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water (n.)水 - water (v.)浇水1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化 前 缀 例 词 a- 构成形容词副词 as

2、leep, abroad, alone dis- disappear, disagree en enlarge, enable in- (il-, im- ,ir)invisible, illegal inter-international, inter-school mis- mistake, misunderstand re- return, remarry tele-telephone, telescope un- ; non-unfit, unfair, unknown non-payment(不支付)(否定)(使可能)(相互,之间)（误）(重复,再)(远程)（不）(不,非) 后 缀

3、例 词名词 -er . 者runner , swimmer -ese.地方的人Chinese, Japanese -ian 精通的人, 地方人musician, Russian -ist 专业人员artist, pianist -ment 性质,状态government, movement - ness 性质, 状态business, happiness - or .者visitor , professor -tion 表示动作,过程,结果 pollution , suggestion形容词:- al ; an ; ern; -ful ; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; - less

4、 表示具有的性质, 或与有关 e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, active, native, rainy, careless动词: -fy (使化) ; -ize (使成为) e.g. simplify(简化) , satisfy , realize , organize 副词: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ,badly ,truly-ward (s) 表示方向 :towards, forward, outward 数词:- teen 十 fourteen, eighteen-ty整十位数 forty ,fifty

5、 -th序数词 fifth 名词+动名词 machine-building (机械制造)2.合成词1）合成名词名词(代词) +名词 spaceship, she-wolf名词+及物动词+er(or) pain-killer (止痛药)形容词+名词 highway 及物动词+名词 breakfast 动词+副词 turn-off合成形容词形容词(数词)+名词+ ed cold-blooded名词+名词 +ed potato-shaped 马铃薯形式的 名词(代词)+分词 hand-made, self-educated名词(代词)+形容词 color-blind 色盲的形容词(数词)+名词/分词

6、 left-hand , good-looking副词+分词/形容词 hard-working ,ever-green tree动词+副词 see-through 介词+名词 downhill 下坡的(3) 合成动词副词+动词 ill-treat 虐待名词(代词)+动词 mass-produce 大规模生产形容词+动词 safe-guard 保卫.合成副词副词+副词 however代词+副词 anywhere 副词+名词 downstairs形容词+名词 anyway (无论如何).合成代词 some ,any, no, 可以与-thing, -one, -body 合成代词. 如: anyb

7、ody , something 3.转化: 是由一词类转化为另一词类动词转化为名词 E.g. We paid a visit to the park yesterday.注意: 英语中常用 give, take, have, make 等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作. 如: give a shout , give a kick; take a seat, take a bath; have a swim, have a smoke; make a bet, make a decision2.名词转化为动词e.g The hall can seat two thousand people They have booked their plane ticket.3.形容词转化为动词 e.g. The car slowed down to half its speed. The room gradually quieted down.4. 形容词转化为副词E.g. How long is the line? (adj) How long have you lived in China?