NET框架2.0新特性综述

1、.NET框架2.0新特性综述卢斌Software Development EngineerMicrosoft CorporationBCL 新功能Serial portCompressionStrongly typed resourcesConsole supportThreadingDiagnosticsNetworking。Strongly Typed Resources 演 示public class List private object elements; private int count; public void Add(object element) if (count = e

2、lements.Length) Resize(count * 2); elementscount+ = element; public object thisint index get return elementsindex; set elementsindex = value; public int Count get return count; Generics “泛型” public class List private T elements; private int count; public void Add(T element) if (count = elements.Leng

3、th) Resize(count * 2); elementscount+ = element; public T thisint index get return elementsindex; set elementsindex = value; public int Count get return count; List intList = new List();intList.Add(1);intList.Add(2);intList.Add(“3);int i = (int)intList0;List intList = new List();intList.Add(1); / Ar

4、gument is boxedintList.Add(2); / Argument is boxedintList.Add(“3); / Should be an errorint i = (int)intList0; / Cast requiredList intList = new List();intList.Add(1); / No boxingintList.Add(2); / No boxingintList.Add(“3); / Compile-time errorint i = intList0; / No cast requiredC#Generics “泛型” 为什么要Ge

5、nerics?编译时类型验证高性能 (不用装箱box, 不用转换downcasts)减少代码累赘 (typed collections)VB, C#, MC+ 编写和运用 genericsGenerics国际标准化Generics in VBPublic Class List(Of ItemType) Private elements() As ItemType Private elementcount As Integer Public Sub Add(ByVal element As ItemType) If elementcount = elements.Length ThenResiz

6、e(elementcount * 2) elements(elementcount) = element count += 1 End Sub Public Default Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As ItemType Get Return elements(index) End Get Set (ByVal Value As ItemType) elements(index) = Value End Set End Property Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer Get Return

7、elementcount End Get End PropertyEnd ClassDim intList As New List(Of Integer) intList.Add(1) No boxing intList.Add(2) No boxing intList.Add(“3) Compile-time error Dim i As Integer = intList(0) No cast requiredVBGenerics in C+genericpublic ref class List array elements; int count;public: void Add(T e

8、lement) if (count = elements-Length) Resize(count * 2); elementscount+ = element; property T default int index T get() return elementsindex; void set(T value) elementsindex = value; property int Count int get() return count; ;List intList = gcnew List();intList-Add(1); / No boxingintList-Add(2); / N

9、o boxingintList-Add(“3); / Compile-time errorint i = intList0; / No cast requiredC+基础类库泛类 (Generics in BCL)System.Collections.Generic classesListDictionaryStackQueueSystem.Collections.Generic interfacesIListIDictionaryIDictionaryICollectionIEnumerableIEnumeratorIComparableIComparerNullable(Of T)Even

10、tHandlerDim intVal as Nullable(Of Integer) = 5If intVal.HasValue Then checks for a valuedelegate void EventHandler(Object sender, T e) where T : EventArgs;提高 CLR 性能长远目标: CLR性能指标与非托管本机代码一致减少多个托管进程的marginal cost减少托管应用程序起动时间和工作集NGEN将 IL 编译成本机代码, 然后存盘好处: 无需反复将 IL 编译成本机代码, 类的布局也已定型, 起动时间更短 CLR 2.0:显著地减少了

11、private, non-shareable工作集ngen install, ngen update, ngen /queue使.NET框架成为更快的编程平台提高现有API的性能降低应用程序域(AppDomain)开销,应用程序域之间的方法调用 (加快 1.1倍-50倍)委托(delegate)创建 (10倍) 和调用 (2倍)UTF8Encoding: translation (2.5倍)新的高性能 API更快的资源查找APILightweight CodeGen: 只生成关键代码 (与 Reflect Emit 对比)TryParse 演 示走向 64 位64 位 Windows 服务器和

12、工作站支持 IA64 和 X64 (AMD64)Windows Server 2003 SP1和未来的64 位 Windows Client支持 WoW6432位应用程序可在 64位机上运行CLR1.0 和1.1应用程序在 WoW64上运行VS: 作为32位应用程序运行可以开发, 调试和部署32位和64位应用程序新的CLR 64位实时编译, 垃圾回收和程序调试服务64bitNONOWOW64YESPE32+ILONLY32BITREQUIREDYESNOYESC# Compiler /platform: : ILONLY, NOT 32BITREQUIRED : 32BITREQUIRED o

13、r : PE32+Space Invaders 演 示CLR安全功能支持新的加密服务(cryptography)支持 PKI and PKCS7支持 XML 加密更好地支持 X509 certificatesDPAPI (Data Protection API)支持托管ACL提高应用程序安全Permission 计算器 (PermCalc)Debug-In-ZoneSecureString 演 示RAD程序调试编辑继续能力 (Edit and Continue)允许的编辑: (例子)给类加新的private字段给类加新的private非虚拟方法改写方法内的代码不允许的编辑: (例子)除去字段或

14、方法编辑泛类 (generics)序列化(Serialization)不认知新的字段Display Attributes 控制调试器显示SQL Server 集成将开发工具 Visual Studio 与数据管理平台 SQL Server 集成在一起将中间层的.NET框架编程模式和开发技能应用到数据层用托管代码写 Stored Procedures, Triggers, data types CLR安全系统(类型安全和代码访问安全)VS .NET 项目文件集: geo.dllVB, C#, BuildSQL ServerSQL 数据: create assembly create functi

15、on create procedure create trigger create type SQL Queries: SELECT name FROM Supplier WHERE Location:Distance ( point ) 3SQL Server承载 CLRSQL CLR 功能 定义 Location.Distance()Sql 编程模式 分割字符串 (Splitting a string)老方法 (T-SQL). declare str varchar(200)select Str = Microsoft Corporation|SQL Server|2003|SQL-CLR

16、|2002-08-20|11:32:00|Document|3.b.3SELECTsubstring(Str + |, 0 + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, 0 + 1) - 0 - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) +

17、 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str +

18、|, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, chari

19、ndex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, c

20、harindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charind

21、ex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|,

22、 Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(

23、|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|

24、, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ) T-SQLdeclare str v

25、archar(200)select Str = Microsoft Corporation|SQL Server|2003|SQL-CLR|2002-08-20|11:32:00|Document|3.b.3SELECTsubstring(Str + |, 0 + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, 0 + 1) - 0 - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |) - 1 ),

26、substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1)

27、 + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |)

28、+ 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |

29、, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, char

30、index(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - 1 ),substring(Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1, charindex

31、(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) - charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |, charindex(|, Str + |) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1) -