主题翻译中国历史文化

1、主题翻译 （中国历史文化）1.筷子说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单， 只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，搅拌或者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。参考译文When we refer to the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a

2、history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also

3、 unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.2.长城长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没有去看看埃菲尔铁塔（Eiffel），或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部

4、分都是在明代修建的。参考译文The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings. If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach t

5、he Great Wall is not a true man. In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shan haiguan Pass in the east to Jia yunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built

6、 during the Ming Dynasty.3. 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。 剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。参考译文Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese pa

7、per cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors，windows and room

8、s in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.4. 中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。因为

9、中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。 这是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。参考译文Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. Chinese medicine now is more and more popular

10、 in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed for a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balanced body system of people. It is s

11、aid that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.5. 中国人的姓名通常姓(family name)在前，名(given name)在后。中国有10多亿个名字，所以人们即便在随意场合也可能会连名带姓地介绍自己，这是很寻常的。历史上，人名的受欢迎稈度会随着时事而变化。例如，文化大革命(Cultural Rcvolution)期间，“红”颇受欢迎，因其代表“革命”。20世纪80年代改革

12、开放时期，“致富”成为一个名字，因其意为“变得富有”。参考译文：In China the family name is usually in front of the given name. It isnt unusual for a man to introduce himself by his family name with given name even in casual situations because there are more than a billion given names. The Chinese given name has a history of chang

13、ing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance, during the Cultural Revolution Hong (the color red) was very popular as it represents revolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name as it means “getting rich”.6. 自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Dou

14、ble Seventh Festival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。 这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for Skills Festival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。参考译文：The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentines Day since the late 1990s. The festival c

15、an be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls. Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”. Today some traditional customs have been weakened. N

16、ow the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentines day, particularly among young people.7. 孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰， 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底(Socrates)。Confucius was a thinker, political figu

17、re, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung Youlan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese h

18、istory with that of Socrates in the West.8. 光棍节(SinglesDay)-11月11日是在20世纪90年代开始流行的。单身青年互相请客吃饭或送礼物给心上人，以告别单身。赠送礼物的传统使光棍节成为购物节，因为所有销售商，从卖珠宝的到卖电视的，甚至到卖汽车的，都看到了这个营销机会，并推出了光棍节促销活动。这是美国“网络星期一(Cyber Monday)”感恩节周末后的第一天的翻版，这天圣诞采购开始，是商人售卖最忙碌的一天。【参考译文】Singles Day Nov.11 began to gain its popularity in the 1990s

19、. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to the person he/she loves to end their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn Singles Day into a shopping festival as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs，even to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Sing

20、les Day sales. It is similar to Cyber Monday in the United Statesthe day after Thanksgiving weekend，when online Christmas shopping begins and merchants have their busiest sales day.9. 火药(gunpowder)是最早出现的化学炸药和推进剂(propellant)。在火药发明之前，人们使用过许多燃烧弹(incendiary bomb)和燃烧设备。人们通常把火药的发明归因于中国的炼金术(alchemy)。众所周知，火药被列为中国的