现在完成时延续性动词

1、，但其结果却和现在（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态 TOC o 1-5 h z 有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在I have spent all of my money.（现在我没有钱花了.）Jane has laid the table.（现在桌子已经摆好了.）Michael has been ill.（现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad.（现在已在止匕地 ）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be动词表示）常与 for （+时间段）,since

2、（+时间点或过去时 的句子）连用.for+时段为。时间since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+ 时段 +agosince+从句（过去时）It is+ 时段 +since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.for since 连用。要改注：瞬间动词 （buy,die,join,lose ）不能直接与 变动词come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe outfinishbe overopen-be opendiebe deadBuy-haveF

3、all ill-be illCome back-be backPut on -be on/wearWorry-be worriedCatch a cold-have a cold1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had（不能用 has bought） this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept（不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been

4、 a teacher?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put onb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词、be + married 代 marry 2 、be + ill 代 fall (get) ill、be + dead 代 die 4 、be + asleep 代 fall (get) asleep、be + awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be+ gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave、be + open 代

5、open 8、be closed 代 close/shut、be + missing(gone,lost) 代 losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词“be+on”代 start,begin“be+up”代 get up“be+back(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back tobe here (there) “ 代 come(arrive,reach,get) here或 go(arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词“be in/at + 地点” 代替go to /come to用 be in the ar

6、my 代替 join the army“be in/at + 地点”代替move to编辑本段常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表常用瞬间动词变延续性动词 表：have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.f have been in sw./at 相应的介词have come/gone back/returned f have been backhave come/gone out fhave been outhave become f have beenhave closed / opened f have been

7、closed/openedhave got up f have been up ;have died f have been dead ;have left sw. f have been away from sw.have fallen asleep/got to sleep f have been asleep ;have finished/ended/completed f have been over ；havemarried f have been ma rried ;have started/begun to do sth. f have done sth.；have begun

8、f have been onhave borrowed/boughtfhave kept/hadhave lost f haven t hadhave put on fhave wornhave caught /get a cold f have had a cold ;have got to know f have knownhave/has gone to f have been inhave joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyf have been a member of/ have been in/have b

9、een the Party s member/the league member/the soldier 编辑本段用法注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语)如 yesterday(morning 、 afternoon),last(morning 、 afternoon) 等，除非与 for,since 连用.在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already (肯定)，yet (否定，疑问)，just, before, recently,still, lately 等：He has already obtained a scholarship.I h

10、avent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three

11、 times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如 now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等：Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nu

12、cleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动We have had four texts this semester.在完

13、成时的“完成用法现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）现在完成时完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already , yet , before , recently 等）、频度时间状语（如：never , ever , once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning / month /year. , today 等）连用。例如

14、： Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在， 或可能还要继续下去。 TOC o 1-5 h z 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于 5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语

15、（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now , so far） 等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：（1）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come, go, arrive , leave , join , become ,die 等。段时间 +has passed+since 从句意思是从过去在完成时常和短语 up to now /till now, so far(至今他已读过好多故事书。至今我已到

16、纽约去过三次。的区别某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)Up to/till now hes read many story books.Ive been to New York three times so far.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)gone:去了没回been to : 去过been in :呆了很久不能与when连用 编辑本段般过去时和现在完成时（1 ）、一般过去时 的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+ have/ has + 动词（V.）的过去分词“。过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动

17、作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的 影响，强调的是影响。（2）、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week ,two years ago ,just now ,in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never等副词和 these days ,this week ,since,for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用。试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：A:Have you seen the film ?B:Did you see the film ?分析：你看过这部电影吗？ （ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧

18、情是否了解；（ B ） 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。A:How has he done it ?B:How did he do it ?分析：他是怎么做的这件事？ （ A ）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生 了某种影响；（B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .分析：他在北京住了8年。（A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在已经不在北京了。（3）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现 在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。比：I have washed the car.I washed the car a moment ago.我洗过了车。（看上去很漂