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1、大家网会计英语论坛/index_111.html阿会计报表中英文半对照稗Account阿ing扮1. Fina芭ncial r碍eportin败g版(财务报告) 扮include袄s not o氨nly fin鞍ancial 拌stateme啊nts but盎 also o挨ther me肮ans of 隘communi熬cating 扮informa袄tion th八at rela安tes, di盎rectly 昂or indi霸rectly,瓣 to the唉 inform案ation p敖rovided安 by a b坝usiness佰 enterp蔼rise拔捌s accou背ntin
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18、柏tion, m碍easurem伴ent and搬 report捌ing in 般accorda阿nce wit伴h the e摆conomic扒 substa稗nce rat艾her tha暗n the l叭egal fo岸rm of a胺n event扳 or tra袄nsactio百n.阿(6) Mat矮erialit爱y 重要性扳Informa般tion is俺 mater安ial if 拌its omi袄ssion o扳r misst败atement跋 could 俺influen巴ce the 瓣resourc班e alloc隘ation d颁ecision唉s that 搬use
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20、 ju坝dgment 半and pro鞍fession佰al expe敖rtise.板(7) Con巴servati柏sm 氨谨慎性挨Conserv颁atism d拜ictates般 that w靶hen in 碍doubt, 半choose 坝the met碍hod tha班t will 袄be leas颁t likel坝y to ov邦erstate巴 assets叭 and in艾come, a佰nd unde耙rstate 背liabili百ties an皑d expen熬ses.懊(8) Tim艾eliness般 及时性埃Timelin凹ess mea瓣ns havi跋ng info
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22、ng e笆lements吧 基本会计要素挨(1) Ass跋et 资产懊An asse艾t is a 芭resourc颁e that 绊is owne颁d or co熬ntrolle凹d by an哎 enterp瓣rise as傲 a resu岸lt of p袄ast tra肮nsactio板ns or e吧vents a吧nd is e挨xpected扒 to gen邦erate e白conomic吧 benefi俺ts to t柏he ente哀rprise.皑(2) Lia绊bility 按负债唉A liabi挨lity is爸 a pres八ent obl傲igation跋 arisi
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28、a扒t the a翱mount o鞍f cash 暗or cash百 equiva岸lents p扒aid or 罢the fai罢r value拌 of the敖 consid拌eration安 given 板to acqu敖ire the熬m at th翱e time 耙of thei板r acqui鞍sition.笆 Liabil敖ities a俺re reco般rded at百 the am芭ount of案 procee埃ds or a胺ssets r蔼eceived班 in exc把hange f拜or the 般present佰 obliga办tion, o澳r the a颁mo
29、unt p艾ayable 版under c俺ontract凹 for as岸suming 罢the pre捌sent ob吧ligatio吧n, or a靶t the a百mount o爱f cash 罢or cash斑 equiva般lents e扒xpected俺 to be 安paid to盎 satisf霸y the l癌iabilit板y in th碍e norma百l cours阿e of bu半siness.巴(2) Cur扳rent re奥placeme佰nt cost捌 现时重置成本哀Assets 疤are car哎ried at奥 the am柏ount of爸 cash
30、o拜r cash 跋equival拔ents th扒at woul扳d have 盎to be p澳aid if 佰a same 案or simi唉lar ass敖et was 澳acquire隘d curre拔ntly. L安iabilit埃ies are背 carrie拌d at th拔e amoun跋t of ca伴sh or c癌ash equ颁ivalent按s that 办would b盎e curre般ntly re哎quired 芭to sett捌le the 佰obligat碍ion.胺(3) Net爸 realiz搬able va澳lue 可实现熬净值坝Assets 阿ar
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32、d at扮 the pr鞍esent d哀iscount爱ed valu把e of th按e futur般e net c扮ash inf把lows th盎at the 吧item is把 expect绊ed to g氨enerate办 from i罢ts cont柏inuing 靶use and昂 ultima扮te disp搬osal. L柏iabilit啊ies are版 carrie瓣d at th隘e prese拜nt disc翱ounted 伴value o袄f the f伴uture n吧et cash绊 outflo疤ws that俺 are ex伴pected 斑to be r
33、八equired熬 to set吧tle the岸 liabil俺ities w拔ithin t隘he expe癌cted se板ttlemen盎t perio笆d.绊(5) Fai瓣r value皑 公允价值哀Assets 皑and lia俺bilitie俺s are c矮arried 蔼at the 版amount 百for whi邦ch an a败sset co蔼uld be 矮exchang隘ed, or 吧a liabi耙lity se扒ttled, 肮between摆 knowle瓣dgeable跋, willi班ng part白ies in 傲an arm矮挨s lengt扳h
34、trans矮action.捌8. Fina罢ncial s翱tatemen扳ts 财务报表安(1) Bal吧ance sh邦eet 资产负邦债表爱A balan啊ce shee捌t is an俺 accoun板ting st安atement靶 that r啊eflects扒 the fi班nancial邦 positi疤on of a哎n enter翱prise a傲t a spe颁cific d敖ate.百(2) Inc半ome sta敖tement 稗损益表吧An inco捌me stat白ement i佰s an ac疤countin哎g state笆ment th熬at refl柏ec
35、ts th懊e opera癌ting re敖sults o案f an en版terpris笆e for a隘 certai肮n accou扮nting p版eriod.碍(3) Sta柏tement 伴of cash摆 flows 拜现金流量表版A cash 暗flow st笆atement鞍 is an 拜account笆ing sta罢tement 耙that re盎flects 岸the inf哎lows an笆d outfl霸ows of 疤cash an败d cash 皑equival拜ents of柏 an ent傲erprise八 for a 败certain懊 accoun肮t
36、ing pe伴riod.靶(4) Sta把tement 扮of chan熬ges in 巴owners白挨equity 巴所有者权益变动背表凹A state案ment of案 change艾s in ow胺ners哀癌 equity绊 report颁s the c斑hanges 靶in owne班rs蔼班 equity鞍 for a 暗specifi澳c perio颁d of ti败me.扒(5) Not摆es to f癌inancia隘l state巴ments 财爸务报表附注捌Notes t般o the a耙ccounti坝ng stat捌ements 蔼are fur版ther ex颁p
37、lanati坝ons of 澳items p败resente阿d in th八e accou把nting s芭tatemen扮ts, and暗 explan板ations 把of item版s not p跋resente哀d in th芭e accou吧nting s阿tatemen挨ts, etc搬.爱9. Acco瓣unting 班entry 会伴计分录袄Debit: 暗Cash哀Credit:矮 Common百 Stock爸10. Bas般ic acco伴unting 熬equatio氨n 基本会计等坝式蔼Assets 班= Liabi俺lities 扒+ owner癌s昂半 equit
38、y艾11. Lis胺t of pr白esent a胺nd pote班ntial u哀sers of皑 financ八ial inf扮ormatio傲n 财务信息的凹使用者伴investo佰rs, cre捌ditors,八 employ扒ees, su奥ppliers熬, custo班mers, a凹nd gove芭rnmenta氨l agenc吧ies.爱Definit挨ions of唉 Four C哎ategori案es of F扮inancia傲l Asset奥s癌A fin半ancial 隘asset o暗r liabi扳lity he艾ld for 扮trading翱 is one俺
39、that w案as acqu碍ired or伴 incurr罢ed prin吧cipally氨 for th熬e purpo岸se of g氨enerati敖ng a pr摆ofit fr奥om shor奥t-term 版fluctua傲tions i安n price巴 or dea哎lers ma拜rgin. A盎 financ邦ial ass稗et shou摆ld be c肮lassifi哀ed as h敖eld for氨 tradin靶g if, r拔egardle胺ss of w熬hy it w袄as acqu扒ired, i稗t is pa捌rt of a安 portfo哎lio f
40、or熬 which 安there i搬s evide傲nce of 挨a recen哀t actua耙l patte摆rn of s叭hort-te捌rm prof碍it-taki斑ng. Der般ivative癌 financ笆ial ass案ets and版 deriva啊tive fi拜nancial翱 liabil绊ities a挨re alwa佰ys deem阿ed held斑 for tr肮ading u胺nless t背hey are芭 design伴ated an拌d effec埃tive he鞍dging i唉nstrume爸nts. 拔Held-哎to-matu安rity
41、in背vestmen疤ts are 蔼financi胺al asse蔼ts with癌 fixed 俺or dete翱rminabl扮e payme巴nts and熬 fixed 颁maturit傲y that 爸an ente吧rprise 奥has the蔼 positi哎ve inte班nt and 版ability耙 to hol埃d to ma坝turity 败other t阿han loa把ns and 跋receiva翱bles or隘iginate佰d by th爸e enter扮prise.吧四类金融资产颁的定义伴为交易而持皑有的金融资产或碍金融负债,指主八要为了从价格或敖交
42、易商保证金的哎短期波动中获利埃而购置的金融资爸产或承担的金融跋负债。一项金融版资产不论因何种唉原因购置,如果岸它属于投资组合爱的组成部分,且蔼有证据说明最近昂该组合可实际获搬得短期收益,则昂该金融资产应归阿类为为交易而持背有的金融资产。暗对于衍生金融资半产和衍生金融负办债,除非它们被办指定且是有效的败套期工具,否则矮应认为是为交易安而持有的金融资盎产和金融负债.扮持有至到期白日的投资指具有凹固定或可确定金哀额和固定期限,颁且企业明确打算盎并能够持有至到碍期日的金融资产肮。企业源生的贷氨款和应收款项不拌包括在内。芭企业源生的肮贷款和应收款项啊,指企业直接向肮债务人提供资金瓣、商品或劳务所俺形成的金融资产办。但打算立即或佰在短期内就转让拌的贷款和应收款版项不包括在内,办而应归类为为交佰易而持有的金融扒资产。在本准则拔中,企业源生的袄贷款和应收款项奥不应包括在持有颁至到期日的投资啊内,而应另行归安类。肮可供出售的唉金融资产,指不啊属于以下三类的爸金融资产:(1哎)企业源生的贷凹款和应收款项;靶(2)持有至到搬期日的投资;(扳3)为交易而持班有的金融资产。叭开发阶段吧只有当企业叭可证明以下
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