2017年二期死磕营句法30天讲义解析版天后复习用

1、内容说明：精选句型进行详细讲解和对照；一共 30 天内容，每天 5 句句型；所有从中选择的句子都备注来源。课程适用对象：适用于完成死磕营一期和句型语法基础 100 句的同学突破本课程也是后面翻译课程的基础。英语句型语法;句型来源：英语和四六级等死磕方法： 1.准备工作：务必学习完英语语法趣味图解和英语句法基础课程；2.任务：日复习：查看作业：每天在完成当天 5 句的前一日作业汉翻英参考版进行对比复习；英翻汉（只需翻译加下划线的句子，其他内容作为背景信息帮助理解句子），最晚 24 点前拍照上传；上课：请务必在完成每天作业后，再打开每天的和配套课开始学习，认真看每个句子的语法点梳理，同时校对自己的

2、作业，找出错误信内容下面留言“已阅”；总结。完成总结后，在微周复习：每周一次总结复习，配有录播课，对前六天的作业的重难点进行汇总。注意：“词汇”在 5 月份期间发布英语搭配系列内容。1前言虽然没法重来，但也不会经常回想，自己要是当初这么不会今天的水平更高（NIUBI）？，会不会效果好一些？要是个方法学习，会最近有两件事对我触动比较大。第一件事是在辅导一个高中生时，惊奇现在的高中生的语法底子远比很多学生高。在整理介词方面的知识体系时，把所有的主流语法资料（的英语教学的藏书还是比较全的）拿来做参考，结果发现在中国，语法考的最细也是最体系的是高考。英语的长难句固然难，但是从语法内容的体系性来看，还是

3、需要的参考高考的考点设计。而单纯从长难句的难度来看，目前所有类型中，依然是 GRE 的长难句独步武林。在比较写作的考点时，发现目前国内雅思托福的写作课程更为体系，更有含金量。我也一直在追求更加完美的课程体系，回想自己几年前的理解，忽然觉得随着眼界的提高，发现英语的体系中有很多东西是空白，需要深度研究。所以发自内心的感慨，专业性？一定来自于专注。在过去的一个月，除了上课，我把所有的什么外出社会交往，闲聊扯淡全推了，重新审视自己的死磕营课程体系。也提前预告下，明年的死磕营内容已经有调整了，而且名字都想好了：英语新概念。最后我决定把去年的句型语法的讲义推倒重来（合作的小伙伴估计也很郁闷，不断的更新）

4、，当然不是说自己对原来的内容没有信心，就是觉得不满意。而且对市面上所有的课程内容都有不太满意的方面：或枯燥无味，或不够体系，或哗众取宠，或切合要求不高，或老师水平有瑕疵（英语老师分成科班和江湖派，互不买账，但却各有市场）。也正是这样的自虐精神，导致自己无比痛苦，觉得时间不够，懊悔当初怎么不更加努力点，都觉得还可以更好一点。知道这种焦虑是不对的，虽然还写过好几篇如果不要焦虑的口水文。我也怕情绪会传染给那些更焦虑的同学。第二件事，让我坚定了未来。的一个刷屏了。58 岁的前两天被，用一种音乐诗人的文字述自己“一生涓滴意念，不知疲倦的翻越，每一个山丘”。最后有一句话，也是这个的句：人生没有的路，每一步

5、都算数。我珍重的写下：每一次的重来都不会白费。不死磕2不青春！DAY 1（简单句基本类型）1. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards; by thetime they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for joberviews, election ballotprs, lists of conferenpeakers and att

6、endees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients loseerest as they plough through them. (2004, text 2, para. 5)译文屈辱仍继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABCs（指名字开始字母）自豪地获得他们的奖项; 当到达 Zysmans时，大多数人都已经在 ZZZ 了。工作面试，母顺序排列，他们的收件人在努力阅读时失去分析：主谓句型，最简单的基本句型。选票，会议发言人。和与会者：所有都倾向于按字2. Everybody loves a fat pay rise.

7、Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learnt a colleague has been givena bigger one., if he has a repuion for slacking, you might even be outraged. (2005, text 1, para. 1)译文每个人都喜欢丰富的加薪。 然而，如果你知道一个同事被给了一个更大的（加薪），自己的会。确实，如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。分析：主谓宾句型，出现频率最高的句型。3. The framers of the Constitution

8、 envied law as having authority apart from politics. They gave justipermanentitions so they would be free to upset those iner and have no need to cultivate political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely tied. (2012，完型,para. 4)译文的建

9、构者设想法律远离政治，拥威。他们给了终生职位，这样他们（指，注）就可以位高权重之人而不受限制，也没有必要培养政治扶持。的体系如此设置是为了把法律和政治分开，就是因为这两者关系太紧密。分析：主谓双宾。双宾分别是直接宾语（permanentitions）和间接宾语（justi）。4. Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxingo theunconscious comfort omiliar routine. Not choice, bubi

10、t rules the unreflecting herd, William Wordsworthsaidhe 19th century.he ever-changing 21st century, even the word habit carries a negativeimplication.(2009, text 1, para. 1)译文是一件有趣的事情。不加思索地按照做事，让大脑处于自动驾驶状态，无意识之中放松自己进入熟悉的路线中，感到舒服惬意。19 世纪，曾：“不是选择，而是控制着不思考的群体。”在不断变化的 21 世纪，“”这个词甚至带有了的含义。分析：主谓主补，也称为主系表。

11、补语是句子主干成分，不能删除。系动词不能独立做谓语，需要和后面表语一起完成对主语的说明，所以也可以和表语一起看成谓语部分。补充和比较Is there any chancet Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistites hadchanged long before his death, andtmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prosein which he spe1, p

12、ara. 5)lized. Moreover, the amateur traditionusic criticism has been in headlong retreat.(2010, text译文Cardus 的批评有没有机会复兴？ 前景似乎很渺茫。早在他改变，而且后现代的读者们很少阅读他所擅长的那种辞藻华丽的以前，业的品味就已经发生了爱华德时期的散文。此外，业余不死磕3不青春！者关注音乐评论的传统正在快速。Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the

13、 economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. (2004, text 3, para. 2）译文消费者似乎只关心，而不是。许多人说，他们仍然对经济的长期前景持乐观态度，即使他们采取适度紧缩（原文是勒紧带子，注）。分析：remain 是半系动词。注意，大多数的半系动词没有进行时态和语态的变化。5. The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen s.t kind of electron

14、icspying has been going on for decades.he past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to awhole industry of po-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-sourceing increasingly influential. (2003, text 1, para. 2)elligence,” and as the Net grows, it is分析最近的这次性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件。这种电

15、子活动已经持续了几十年。在过去的三至四年里，网已经诞生了一个点击方式的行业行为。们把它称为“公开来源”，并且随着网络的发展，它变得越来越有。分析：主谓宾+宾补。注意，这种结构和主谓双宾的区别在于，宾补是修饰宾语的，而双宾语都是做谓语的宾语部分，之间没有互相的修饰关系。不死磕4不青春！Day 2（动词的时态）6. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving dependeits weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost cert

16、ain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.(2000, text 2, para. 1)译文五十年前，婴儿（尤其是男婴）存活的几率取决于他的体重。一公斤太轻或太重都意味着几乎必死无疑。（而）今天这几乎没有区别。由于许多变异是由于导致的，进化的另一个（agent 这里可以意译为）已经了。分析：一般现在时补充和比较Last year Japan experienced 2,125 i

17、ncidents of school para. 3), including 929 assaults on teachers. (2000, text 1,译文去年发生了 2125 起校园事件，其中包括 929 起教师事件。分析：一般过去时7. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexibleevi companies are going to be able to compete in such a richand hotly-contested market. This alone demonstratest theevibusiness is no

18、t an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by sisticst showt out of eighty Europeanevinetworks, no lessn 50% took aloss in 1989.(2005, translation, para. 2)译文显然，只有规模最大、最具弹性的才能在如此富足、竞争激烈的市场中生存。仅凭这一点就可以证明，电视业并不是一个容易生存的世界。一个由统计数据强调的事实表明，在八十家欧洲电视网中，有不少于 50%家的公司在分析：将来时亏损了。8. When Liam McGee departed

19、 asof Bof America in August, his explanation warprisinglystraight up. Rathern cloaking his exithe usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “topursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very muy deci,” McGee says.Withwoks, he was talking for the time wi

20、th th of Hartford Finanl Servi Group, whichnamed him CEO and chairman on September 29.(2011, text 2, para. 1)译文当 Liam McGee 八月份辞去一职时,他给出的解释出乎意料的真实直率。他没有用通常的模糊的借口来掩盖自己的退出, 他直接说他离开的原因是为了追求自己的目标经营公司。公开宣传自己的理想是“很大程度上是的决定”。McGee 在辞职后两周内，和哈特福德金融服务公司第一次进行面谈。该公司于 9 月 29 日任命他为首席执行官和公司分析：过去进行时。9. The ethical

21、judgments of the Supreme Court justi havee an important ie recently. The court cannotmaain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justibehave like politins. Yet, in several instan,justiacted in wayst weakened the courts repuion for being independent and impartial.(2012, use ofEnglish, pa

22、ra. 1）译文的道德判断已成为一个重要。然而，在一些情况下，。当像政客一样行事时，不能其作为的守护者的采取的方式削弱了应该独立和公正的声誉。不死磕5不青春！分析：完成时。10. In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingo supersystems, causing heightenedconcerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of th

23、e totalton-moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.（2003, text3, para. 1）译文近年来，铁路公司一直在相互联合，合并成超大型，引起人们对的极大关注。截至 1995年，前四大铁路公司占铁路总量的百分之 70 以下。第二年，在完成一系列兼并后，这四家铁路公司就将控制超过百分之

24、90 的铁路货运量。分析：完成进行时。补充和比较The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens.t kind of electronicspying has been going on for decades.he past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to awhole industry of po-and-click spying. (2003, text 1, para. 2)译文最近的这次性的改

25、变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件。这种电子行业行为。活动已经持续了几十年。在过去的三至四年里，分析：完成进行时。网已经诞生了一个点击方式的时态注意内容：英文的谓语动词都是有时态的；时态是用来比较谓语动词和时间状语（可能是暗含的时间状语）；3.未来说的各种非谓现象也能结合时态；在翻译时，时态往往要翻译出来;将来时态的表示形式：will, shall, be going to, be about to, be to等时态简表：不死磕6不青春！态时一般进行完成完成进行现在do;doesbe+nghavehasehavehas beenng过去didwaswere+nghadehad been将来w

26、ill dowill bengwill haveewill have beenng过去将来would dowould bengwould haveewould have beenngDay 3（情态动词）11. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compasate, understandable way - in humanterms, nothe language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection betn animal

27、researchand a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even(2003, text 2, para. 3)ts shots.译文科学家必须以一种富不是分子生物学的语言。的，可理解的方式向公众传达他们的信息,用普通人的语言，而需明动物实验与的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥手术，一个婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射之间的关系。12. Although sadness also precedes tears, evidenuggestst emotions can

28、flow from muscular responses.-Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.(2011,use of English, para. 4)译文虽然悲伤也先于眼泪，但也表明情绪可以来自肌肉反应。同样，笑的身体行为可以改善情绪。13. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act oflaughing probably does pro

29、duce other types of physical feedback,(2011, Use of English, para. 3)t improve an individuals emotional se.译文这种身体反应可能会帮助缓解心理压力的影响。无论如何，笑的行为可能会产生其它类型的身体反馈，提高个人的情绪状态。14. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a the. For the rest of us, the brain hasits ways of working through

30、 bad feelings. Sleep -or rather dream- on it and youll feel bettertext 3, para. 5)he morning.(2005,译文那些始终噩梦困扰的人应该寻求治疗师的帮助。对于其他人来说，大脑有它的方法来处理坏情绪。睡眠，或者更确切地说是做梦，会让你在早上感觉好一些。15. It turns outt peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have led to misleadingreion ofwhappened. (2010, Use of English

31、, para. 4)译文结果是，进行实验的奇特方式可能已经导致了对发生的事情的误导性的解释。补充和比较When prehistoric man arrived in nerts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. Theysuddenly became extinct. Smaller speciervived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and werequicklyted to extinction. Now something s

32、imilar could be happening译文he oceans.(2006, text 3, para. 1)当史前人类到达世界的新地方时，一些大型动物身上发生了奇怪的事。它们突然了。较小的物种存活。而大型、生长缓慢的动物很容易杀（game 在这里是猎物的意思，熟词生义现象，所以大家一定要把老“词汇”发布的系列熟词生义下来），很快被猎杀到。现在类似的事情也可不死磕7不青春！能正发生在海洋中。情态动词总结：1.2.3.4.表示各种语气：意愿，命令，建议等，特别需要注意可以表示推测的可能性；功能上比照助动词（想想疑问句和否定），所以后面要辅助一个实义动词； 情态有时态变化，也能结合语态；

33、常见情态动词汇总：can, could, be able to; may, might; shall, should, ought to; will, would; need; must, have to; dare;注意：had better, would rather 也可以比照情态动词的用法。不死磕8不青春！Day 4（动词的语态）16. Beethovens importanceusic has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his comitions.He freed music from hither

34、to prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works awill to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as(2014, translation, para. 2)he last piano sonata.译文在音乐中的重要性主要是由他的作品的性质所决定的。他将音乐从当时盛行的和声和结构传统中解放出来。有时我觉得他在后期作品中有打破所有连续性的迹象。如

35、他的最后钢琴奏鸣曲一样，音乐非常突然，似乎不连续。分析:语态和完成时的结合。17. The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basicellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has ite a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in suc

36、h institutions as the spel preserve of lawyers, rathern anesary part of theellectual equipment of an educated. (2007, translation, para. 1)译文数个世纪以来，法律研究已经成为欧洲大学的一门基础知识学科。然而，仅仅在最近几年，它已经成为大学本科课程的一个特色。传统上，法律学直被视为这些学校的行业的特殊保留课程，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识的必备部分。18. An old saying has itlf of all advertising budgets ar

37、e wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. Inheory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click ontheernet age,eastand say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.(2013, text 2, para. 1)译文正如老话说的，一半的在理论上，这个部分（指浪费的部分，都浪费了，麻烦的是，没有人

38、知道哪一半。在互联网时代，至少加注）可以大大减少。通过观察人们搜索，点击和的人身上。，公司可以把“行为”瞄准在那些最有可能分析：情态动词加上语态。19. This seems mostly effectivelye by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goalsbut ofsible consequencehe future.(1996, translation)译文通过支持一定数量的与直接目标无关，但与未来可能的事。有关研究，似乎能最有效地完成这件分析:记 seem 是半系动词，可以理解为 b

39、e。后面的 related 的过去分词也表示的意思。20. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it knownt much of his collection is to be left to the nation.(CET-4, 1996)译文78 岁的分析: 动词不定式中的爵士，已经向世人宣布他的大部分收藏将留给国家。语态。注意：语态的翻译，首先把状语提前；其次可以不使用“被”字；甚至可以处理成主动。不死磕9不青春！Day 5 (名词性结构)21. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a

40、 bodily exercise precious to health.” But-despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. (2011, Use of English,para. 1)把笑声视为“对健康有益的身体锻炼”。但是，尽管有一些相反的说法，译文古希腊哲学家笑可能对身体健康影响甚微。分析：laughing 这里是动名词，做主语。22. Broadcasting his ambition was “very muy deci,” McGe

41、e says. Withwoks, he was talking forthetime with thof Hartford Finanl ServiGroup, which named him CEO and chairman onSeptember 29. (2011, text 2, para. 1)译文广而告之他的野心是“很大程度上的决定”。 在两个内，他第一次与哈特福德金融服务董事会，他于 9 月 29 日被任命为首席执行官和董事长。分析：broadcasting his ambition 在这里是名词性结构，做主语，broadcasting 是动名词。23. All of this

42、 caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity franted. They began tobevet their way ofng business was failing, andt theires would therefore shortly bego fall aswell. (2000, text 1, para. 3)译文所有这些都造成了信心。人不再把繁荣当成理所当然的。 他们开始相信他们做生意的方式是失败的，因此他们的收入也将很快开始下降。分析：taking prosperity frant

43、ed 是名词性结构，在这里做 stop 的宾语。24. It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, but we haveeast drawnnear the poof admittingt birds should continue as a matter ofrinsic right, regardless of the presence orabsence of economic advantage to us.(2010, Translation, para. 3)

44、译文在今天，读这些拐弯抹角的说法是痛苦的。还没有土地，但是至少接近了承认鸟类有自己的权利，应该继续生存，不管它们是否对人类来说存在经济价值。分析：to read these round about accounts today 是名词性结构，to+v 的动词不定式；另外在这里 to read 的结构是实质主语，it 这里做形式主语。25.We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someoneelses. The brain finds it best

45、 to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signalch as thesmell of smoke, whiight indicate the danger of fire.(2005, Use of English, para. 3)译文不知道自己房子的常见气味，但当别人的房子时，会注意到新的气味。 大脑发现最好保持气味官（就是指鼻子，。注）接收不熟悉和紧急的信号，例如烟雾的气味。这些气味可能表示有火灾的分析： 这里 to keep smell receptors-smoke 是名词性结构，动词不定式这里

46、做实质宾语，find 后面的 it做形式宾语。注意：说的名词性结构包括，名词性短语，动名词结构和动词不定式结构；不死磕10不青春！Day 6 (形容词和副词)26. The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg isrceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of manypublic-healthns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize perere for healthy habits, and they demonstrate aseriously flawed unde

47、rstanding of psychology. (2012, text 1, para. 3)译文这个想法似乎很有希望，也是一个敏锐（正常翻译为有感知，翻译时调整了。注）的观察者。 她对许多公共卫生计划运动的缺陷的批评是准确的：他们（指那些公共卫生计划，注）没有动员坚持健康的同伴压力，对心理学充满严重缺陷的理解。分析：形容词可以做表语和定语。27. We should not fet, however,t most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen orfarmers, let alone dependen

48、ts and servants, left literary comitions to beyzed, it is obvioust their viewswere less fully译文然而，ellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. (2009, text 4, para. 4)不应该忘记，大多数新英格兰人的教育水平较低。虽然很少有工匠或农民，留下可以被分析的文学作品，更不用说家属和佣人。很明显，他们的想法不够完全知识化。他们的思维往往有一种传统的色彩。分析：形容词做定语时，修饰

49、名词时可以叠加。28. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showingt thereually a lottcan bee. It turns outt the brain needs exerciseuch the same way our muscles do, and the right mentalworkouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially

50、a pros of makingconnectionshe brain. (2014, Use of English, para. 2)译文神经科学家，也就是研究神经系统的，他们越来越多地表明，实际上有很多事情可以做。事实证明，大脑需要以与的肌肉相同的方式锻炼，正确的心理锻炼可以显著地改善的基本认知功能。思维本质上是在大脑中建立连接的过程。分析：副词做状语，首先是修饰动词。29.Iftheppens, pasate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the repuion ofcompany

51、at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, andthe learning curve has been steep. (2011, text 3, para. 4)译文如果发生这种情况，热情的消费者会试图说服他人种情况下，公司的反应可能不够快或周到，并且学习曲线陡峭。分析：副词还可以修饰形容词甚至副词本身。产品，使目标公司的声誉受到。在这30. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to diseg

52、rate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We allunderstandsome level, yet as medical consumers we treat deas a problem to be solved. Shielded bythird-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everythingt cansibly bee for us, even if itsuseless. The most obvious exle is late-stage cancer

53、care.(2003, text 4, para. 2)上，即使在理想的条件下，就是设定了要分解和译文是正常的;o都明白，在某种程度上，作为医疗消费者，视为一个需要解决。由第付款人支付的护理费用，要求一切可能的医疗治疗，即使它是徒劳的。最明显的例子是晚期治疗。分析：形容词和副词都有自己的和变化。不死磕11不青春！Day 7（介词和介词短语）31. Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific entrise. In someways, this qu

54、est for commonalities defines science. Newtons laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind ahost of different phenomenao a single explicatory frame work.(2012, translation, para. 1)译文自从求定义了科学。的时代以来，寻求普遍原则就是科学事业的特征。在某些方面，这种对共性的追运动定律和进化定律将大量不同的现象用一系列简单的框架来解释。分析：介词可以连接名词，变成名词性短语，做主语，宾语等；32. Bers h

55、ave been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been takingaim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the bs, have forced them to reportenormous losses, and its just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price

56、 a third party wouldpay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.(2010, text4, para. 1)译文家一直在公共场合抱怨自己的烦恼。在幕后，他们一直瞄准别人：会计准则制定者。抱怨，他们的规则，迫使他们巨大的损失，而这。这些规则说，他们必须以第支付的价格来估价一些资产，而不是管理者希望的价格。分析：介词和后面成分一起做状语，定语；介词和动词一起动介搭配，甚至和形容词一起做谓语33. The suped importance of influentials derives f

57、rom a plausible sounding but largely untested theory calledthe two step flow of communication: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them toeveryone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggestst if they can just find andinfluence the influentials, those

58、 selected people will do most of the work for them. (2010, text 3, para. 2)译文有的人的重要性来源于一个似乎的，但大部分测试的理论，称为“两级”：信息从流向影响者，从他们流向其他人。已经接受了二级的说法，因为它表明，如果他们能够找到并影响那些有分析：from-to-的介词短语的人，那些选定的人将为他们完成大部分工作（指，注）。34. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving., they can shut things down witho

59、ut sufferingmuchhe way of consequen. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americaspublic-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominapara. 2)eft-of-centre politics.(2012,text 4,译文公共部门工会蓬勃发展的原因有三个。首先，他们可以停工，而不会承受什么痛苦的o 第二，有大他们大多是聪明和受过良好教育的。四分之一的学学位。第三，他们现在

60、主导中间偏左的政治。公共部门（类似于部门，注）从业分析：shut down, without,面的词语连接he way of 三个介词部分，可以看出介词的复杂性，关键是看和前面还是后35. The former has been put down to sol effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter wasseen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggestst theelligence and diseases areim