《细胞生物学》教学大纲

1、细胞生物学课程教学大纲课程代码：BFMA2002课程类别：专业基础课程授课对象：生物功能材料开课学期：第5学期学 分：3学分指定教材：Gerald Karp, Cell and Molecular Biology: concepts and experiments, 2008, 5th edition.一、教学目的细胞生物学是生物科学领域发展迅速、引人注目的重要学科，有关细胞生物学研究是现代生命科学的重要支柱之一，因而它已成为当今生物科学类专业本科生必修的一门主干课程。通过细胞生物学（双语）课程的学习，要求学生达到如下目标： 1 掌握细胞生物学中的基础知识和基本理论。 2 熟悉细胞生物学的基本

2、研究手段和实验方法。 3 主动了解细胞生物学的最新研究进展和动态。 4 能将细胞生物学的基本理论融会到后续课程的学习中，从而领悟细胞生物学在整个生命科学中的重要地位。二、课程内容Chapter 01 Introduction to Cells and Cell Biology 2学时教学内容：1. The discovery of cells2. Cell theory3. Why the cells the basic units of life?4. Basic properties of cells5. The size of cells6. Prokaryotes and eukary

3、otes7. Model organisims8. Cell replacement therapy9. How to learn cell biology?教学要点：1. 细胞学说的内容2. 如何理解细胞是生命体的基本单位3. 如何理解细胞的全能性4. 细胞的基本特性5. 真核细胞与原核细胞的比较6. 模式生物的意义和主要种类7. 细胞替代疗法的意义和策略2. 如何理解细胞是生命的基本单位3. 如何理解细胞的全能性4. 细胞的基本特性5. 真核细胞与原核细胞的特征比较6. 主要的模式生物及其意义7. 细胞替代疗法的意义和策略Chapter 02 Chemical Basis of Life

4、2学时教学内容：1. Atoms 2. Chemical bonds3. Polar and nonpolar molecules4. The carbon atom5. Functional groups6. Organic molecules in cells biochemicals7. From atoms to the cells教学要点：细胞的主要化学元素和化学键类型细胞内分子的极性和亲水性特点Chapter 03 Membrane Structure 4学时教学内容：1. Typical plasma membrane Plasma membrane, Endomembrane

5、system, Biomembrane2. Plasma membrane structure3. Membrane lipidsPhospholipids, Three main types of membrane lipids4. Nature of the lipid bilayerMicelle, Lipid bilayer formation,Self-sealing property, Liposome, Fluidity of lipid bilayer, Lipid rafts5. Membrane proteinsIntegral proteins, Peripheral p

6、roteins, Lipid-anchored proteins6. Techniques for studying membrane proteinsFreeze-fracture replication, SDS, 2-D Gel Electrophoresis7. Membrane carbohydratesGlycolipids, Glycoproteins8. Characteristics of biomembraneMembrane fluidity and flexibility, Membrane asymmetry, Dynamic nature of membrane9.

7、 Red blood cell教学要点：1. 膜脂和膜蛋白的类型和特点2. 膜结构模型的要点3. 膜的主要特性及其意义4. 膜蛋白研究的主要技术Chapter 04 Membrane Transport and Membrane Potential 4学时教学内容：1. Movement of solutes across cell membrane2. Simple diffusionConcentration gradient and electrochemical gradientDiffusion of solutesDiffusion of waterDiffusion of ion

8、s3. Facilitated diffusion4. Active transportThree ways of driving active transportSodium-potassium pumpThree classes of ATP driven pumpsCotranport5. Membrane potentials and nerve impulsesResting potentialAction potentialPropagation of action potentialNeurotransmission教学要点：被动运输与主动运输的比较和类型简单扩散的影响因素水通道

9、的作用特点离子通道的类型KcsA通道和Kv通道的结构和作用特点比较易化扩散的特点和葡萄糖扩散的机制钠钾泵的作用机制和意义离子泵的类型和比较协同运输的机制和类型，葡萄糖吸收的机制静息电位和动作电位的产生原理动作电位传播的机制，神经肌连接的作用机制Chapter 05 Intracellular Compartments 4学时教学内容：1. Compartmentalization of eukaryotic cellsCytoplasmic matrix(cytosol)Endomembrane systemDynamic nature of the endomembrane system2.

10、 Approaches to the study of endomembranesAutoradiographySubcellular fractionationGFPCell-free systemGenetic mutants3. Endoplasmic reticulun(ER)Structure and functions of RER and SER4. Golgi complexThe polarity of GCThe functions of GC5. LysosomesCharacteristics of lysosomesThe functions of lysosomes

11、6. Cell nucleusNuclear envelope consists of two membranesThe nuclear laminaThe nuclear pore complex(NPC)教学要点：如何理解内膜系统的动态性研究内膜系统的主要方法内质网的结构特点和功能高尔基体的结构特点和功能溶酶体的结构特点和功能核膜的结构组成，核纤层和核孔复合体的特点Chapter 06 Protein Sorting 4学时教学内容：1. Road map of protein trafficProteins are imported into organelles by three me

12、chanismsSorting signalSignal sequence2. Transport between the nucleus and cytosolNuclear localization signal(NLS)Nuclear transport receptorsImport of proteins from cytoplasm into nucleusNuclear export works like nuclear import, but in reverse3. Transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplast

13、sThe protein translocators in the mitochondrial membranesTransport into matrix spaceTransport into the outer membraneTransport into the inner mitochondrial membrane and intermembrane spaceTwo signal sequences direct proteins to the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts4. Transport of proteins into pero

14、xisomes5. Transport of proteins from cytosol to ERCo-translational and post-translational importSignal hypothesis教学要点：蛋白质运输的三种途径蛋白质分选信号的类型和特点核输入和核输出的意义和机制蛋白质定位于线粒体不同部位的机制蛋白质合成和运输的两种不同途径新生肽如何输入内质网Chapter 07 Vesicular Transport 4学时教学内容：1. Coated vesiclesDifferent coats in vesicular transportClathrin-c

15、oated vesiclesCOP -coated vesiclesCOP -coated vesicles2. Rab proteins guide vesicle targeting3. SNAREs mediate membrane fusion4. EndocytosisPhagocytosisPinocytosis5. Exocytosis教学要点：膜泡定向运输的决定因素溶酶体酶是如何合成和运输的Rab蛋白在膜泡运输中的作用和机制SNARE在介导膜融合中的作用机制微管在膜泡运输中的作用如何理解高尔基体在蛋白质分选中的枢纽作用胞吞作用的意义和类型，LDL摄入的机制Chapter 08

16、Cytoskeleton 6学时教学内容：1. MicrotubulesStructure and compositionMAPs(microtubule-associated proteins)Dynamics of MT assemblyMTOCsDrugs affecting MT assemblyMotor proteinsCilia and flagella2. MicrofilamentsStructure and compositionMF assembly and disassemblyCytochalasin and phalloidinActin-binding peote

17、insMyosinsMuscle contractilityNonmuscle motility3. Intermediate filamentsStructure and compositionIF assembly and disassemblyFunctions of IF4. Nuclear matrix教学要点：细胞骨架的类型和主要功能微管的结构和组装特点MTOC的作用和中心体的结构特点马达蛋白的类型和与微管的相互作用纤毛和鞭毛的结构基础微丝的结构和组装特点不同的微丝结合蛋白和myosis与微丝的相互作用肌肉收缩的微丝作用机制微丝在细胞运动中的作用中等纤维的结构和组装特点中等纤维的不

18、同类型和功能Chapter 09 DNA and Chromosome 4学时教学内容：1. Components of chromatinComponent of chromatinDNAComponent of chromatinhistoneComponent of chromatinnonhistone2. Nucleosomestructural unit of chromatinSummary of nucleosome structure3. Higher levels of chromatin structure4. Euchromatin and heterochromati

19、n5. X-chromosome inactivationFeatures of X chromosome inactivationMechanism of X chromosome inactivation6. Structure of the mitotic chromosomeCentromere; Kinetochore; Telomere7. Giant chromosomes and Lampbrush chromosomes教学要点：1. 染色质和染色体的化学组成及关系2. 核小体的结构要点3. 染色体包装的主要模型4. 常染色质与异染色质的概念和意义5. X-染色体失活的意义、

20、特征和机制6. 染色体的主要结构7. 巨染色体与灯刷染色体的概念和意义Chapter 10 Cell Cycle 6学时教学内容：1. Cell cycleCell cycle phasesCell cycle lengthCategories of cells in vivo based on proliferative statesSynchronization of cellsMain biochemical events of cell cycle phases2. MitosisKey features during prophaseMetaphase Anaphase Teloph

21、ase Cytokinesis3. Meiosis4. MPFDiscovery of MPFRole of MPFRegulation of MPF activity5. Diversity of cyclin-CDK complexes6. Checkpoints in cell-cycle controlG1 checkpoint (START/ Restriction point)G2 checkpoint (unreplicated-DNA checkpoint)M checkpoint(spindle-assembly checkpoint)chromosome-segregati

22、on checkpointDNA-damage checkpoint教学要点：1. 细胞根据增殖状态的分类2. 细胞周期同步化的主要方法3. 间期的意义和各时相的主要特点4. 结合纺锤体组装分析有丝分裂M期各阶段动态5. 减数分裂的特点、联会和联会复合体6. MPF的本质、功能和活性调节7. 主要的检验点控制机制Chapter 11 Cell Differentiation 4学时教学内容：1. Differentiation potency of cellsConcept and essence of cell differentiationHouse-keeping gene and Lu

23、xury geneMechanism of differential gene expressionCell totipotencyChange of totipotency during embryonic developmentSignificance of DollyTransdifferentiation2. Individual development and cell differentiationCell differentiation and cell determinationKey mechanisms of cell differentiation3. Stem cell

24、Categories of stem cellsPatterns of stem-cell divisionEmbryonic stem cell (ES cell)Adult/tissue stem cellStem cells plasticity Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells4. Cancer cellBenign tumor and malignant tumorBasic properties of cancer cellsThe causes of cancerTumor-suppressor genes and oncogenesNew

25、 strategies for combating cancer教学要点：1. House-keeping gene和Luxury gene的概念及与细胞分化本质的关系2. 如何理解发育过程中的细胞全能性3. 细胞决定的机制及在分化中的意义4. 干细胞的基本特性和分类5. ES细胞的主要来源、形态和生化特征6. iPS细胞的概念和意义7. 癌细胞的主要形态和生理特征8. 原癌基因和抑癌基因的概念9. Rb和p53基因的意义和分子机制Chapter 12 Apoptosis 4学时教学内容：1. Cell aging/senescenceHayflick limitationLifespan o

26、f cells in vitro cultureCharacteristics of cell agingTheories of cell aging2. Cell apoptosis/Programmed cell deathSignificance of cell apoptosisCharacteristics of cell apoptosisTwo styles of the cell death3. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosisExtrinsic pathway of apoptosisreceptor-mediated pathway Int

27、rinsic pathway of apoptosismitochondria-mediated pathwayApoptosis is carried out by the caspase cascadeEvolutionarily conserved apoptotis pathway in C. elegans and vertebrates教学要点：1. Hayflick界限和体外培养细胞的寿命2. 细胞衰老的特征和主要理论3. 细胞凋亡的意义和特征4. 受体介导和线粒体介导的细胞凋亡途径以及caspase级联的机制5. 线虫凋亡的基因调控机制Chapter 13 Cell Signa

28、l Transduction 6学时教学内容：1. Overview of cell signal transductionSignal transduction Main types of cell communicationReceptors2. G-protein-linked receptor and secondary messengerG-protein-linked receptorG-protein and its mechanismSecond messengercAMP signaling pathwayDouble messenger system3. Enzyme-linked receptorReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)RTK-Ras signaling pathwayRTK-PIP2 pathwayRTK-PI3K pathwayJAK-S