《汽车实用英语》电子教案2

1、 汽车实用英语高等职业院校国家技能型紧缺人才培训工程规划教材 汽车运用与维修专业 教学参考资料 主 编 粟利萍 副主编 黄秋平 参 编 杨晋平 苏四清 电子工业出版社内 容 提 要本资料是高等职业院校国家技能型紧缺人才培训工程规划教材汽车运用与维修专业汽车实用英语的配套教学参考资料包。 主要内容包括汽车实用英语教学指南、课文的重点词汇/句型/语法、练习参考答案以及自测题等四部分内容。主要用于学生自学和教师备课参考。汽车实用英语教学指南 一、课程的性质与任务高职高专汽车实用英语教学是以教育部两年制高等职业教育汽车检测与维修技术专业领域技能型紧缺人才培养指导方案为依据，根据学生就业岗位的要求，培养

2、掌握大学专科英语基础知识和专业知识，具有分析问题和解决实际问题能力的高等技术应用型专门人才。汽车实用英语教学的任务是：指导学生较系统地学习汽车专业英语知识，阅读和翻译汽车英语使用说明书和有关技术手册，运用因特网查询有关专业英语资料，达到能与外籍客户用英语进行一般交流的水平。二、教学时间汽车实用英语教学时间为半年（一个学期）。每周两学时，有效教学时间不少于34学时。每两学时完成课文和实用文体的教学。三、教学要求与教学内容 1词汇（1）注意区分常用词语和专业词语。专业词语又可分为“术语”和“行业语”。熟练掌握2，000个左右的专业英语词汇。（2）了解科技英语词汇的来源。熟记部分希腊语和拉丁语的词根

3、。（3）了解科技英语词汇的造词规则。注意比较英国英语和美国英语拼法的差异。2读、译、写的技能（1）了解英美主要报刊杂志和一般印刷品的格式。（2）能借助专业词典并利用目录、索引、附录、文献等来阅读、翻译汽车各主要系统的构造和工作原理、故障检修、常规保养和新技术应用等文章。特别应注重英文原版文章的阅读。 （3）能模拟套写商务信函、电子邮件、传真、业务单证、合同、广告、产品说明书、文章摘要等各种实用文体。 （完）ContentUnit OneText Structure of AutomobileReading Material Introduction of Automobile Industry

4、Written Expressions Layout of English LetterUnit Two Text Four-stage-engine OperationReading Material Clever Cars Can Read Road SignsWritten Expressions E-mail and Fax Unit Three Text The Power Mechanism of the EngineReading Material Engine Classifications and Engine PerformanceWritten Expressions R

5、sumUnit FourText Valves and Valve TrainReading Material Engine Analyzer科技英语知识1 科技英语词汇的来源和分析Unit FiveText Engine Fuel SystemReading Material The Carburetor of a Gasoline EngineWritten Expressions Letter of Credit Unit SixText Engine Cooling SystemReading Material Vehicle Refrigeration Air Conditionin

6、gWritten Expressions PolicyUnit SevenText Engine Lubrication SystemReading Material Factors Influencing the Stability and Control of VehicleWritten Expressions Bill of ExchangeUnit EightText Engine Ignition SystemReading Material Electronic Ignition System科技英语知识2 美国英语和英国英语在词汇上的差异Unit NineText Engine

7、 Starting SystemReading Material Annual Testing of Goods VehiclesWritten Expressions AdvertisementUnit TenText Exhaust SystemReading Material Emission ControlWritten Expressions Advertisement of EmploymentUnit ElevenText ClutchReading Material Automotive Chassis Written Expressions Directions for Us

8、e Unit TwelveText TransmissionReading Material Transmission Service and Maintenance科技英语知识3 翻译技巧Unit ThirteenText Automobile Suspension SystemReading Material Electronic Control Suspension SystemWritten Expressions Sales ContractUnit FourteenText Automobile Steering SystemReading Material Four-wheel

9、SteeringWritten Expressions Contract Of Employment Unit FifteenText Automobile Braking SystemReading Material Anti-lock Brake System Written Expressions Invitation to Bid / TenderUnit SixteenText Instrument ClusterReading Material SRS Airbag科技英语知识4 翻译的标准 Appendix I Glossary 词汇总表II Answer 练习答案 Transl

10、ation 参考译文Unit OneText Structure of Automobile一、教学要求与建议1。本课简述汽车的构造。要求了解汽车的基本组成，熟记发动机、底盘、电气设备和车身及附属设备的名称。2。书信(Letter)一般可分为事务信件或公函(Business Letter or Offical Correspondence)以及私人信件。本课应用写作要求掌握英文书信格式和书信写作的五项基本原则，即：体贴、简明、清晰、礼貌、正确（consideration, conciseness, clarity, courtesy, correctness） 并模拟写作。3。课文练习目的在于

11、巩固所学词汇和短语；熟悉常用的汽车专业缩写词，扩大词汇量。4。重点词汇、短语 ：engine chassis body electrical system fuel lubricating cooling ignition cylinderstarting system transmission system suspension system steering system brake system clutch gearbox drive shaft final drive differential leaf spring coil spring torsion bar steering

12、wheel steering shaft worm gear sector pitman arm drag link steering knuckle arm king pin steering arm tie rod front axle steering knuckle kinetic energy brake drum brake shoe brake lining wheel brake mechanism parking brake mechanism hood fender roof panel instrument panel bumper luggage compartment

13、 air-fuel mixture combustion chamber battery generator horn 二、课文教学提示 1. It is well-known thateg. 1 It is well-known that the electrical properties of semiconductors depend very much on their purity. 半导体电的性能完全取决于本身的纯度，这是众所周知的。 2 It is well-known that the atom is made of still smaller particles. 众所周知，

14、原子由更小的微粒组成。2. provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth eg. 1 We provide everything for our customers. 我们供应顾客各样东西。 2 The school provides all the books we need for us. 学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。 3 The school provides us with all the materials we need. 学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。 4 We are provided with everything we need fo

15、r work. 我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。3. fall into eg. 1 His lecture falls into three parts. 他的演讲分为三部分。 2 This period of history falls into two phases.这一段历史分为两个阶段。三、Key to the exercises练习参考答案Check Your Understanding. Choose the correct word to match the sentence1. chassis 2. lubricating 3. ignition 4. combustion 5

16、. cylinder 6. transmission 7. suspension 8. friction 9. crankshaft 10. axle. Fill in the table below English Chineseelectrical system 电器系统expanding force 膨胀力auto component 汽车部件final drive 后桥，主减速器gear sector 扇形齿轮pitman arm 转向摇臂drag link 直拉杆tie rod 转向横拉杆king pin 主销brake shoe 制动蹄片Build Up Your Vocabula

17、ry. Write down the words that the important abbreviation stands for 1. auxiliary air control valve2. average annual daily traffic3. American Automobile Labeling Act4. advanced automotive power systems5. active anti-theft system6. anti afterburn valve7. automobile backward automatic ranging system8.

18、air bleed control valve. Look at the picture and label it correctly using the words given below 1. Frame 2. Wheels 3. Radiator 4. Engine 5. Clutch and gearbox 6. propeller shaft 7. Universal joint 8. Differential, Rear Axle 9. Fuel tank 10. Front axle 11. Steering 12. Road springs 13. Exhaust/silenc

19、er四、Written Expressions Layout of English Letter英文书信格式. Put Chinese into English I am fascinated with my pearl necklace-it is wonderful. You have chosen just what I want. I look graceful when I am wearing it and standing before the looking glass. Thank you so much.Put the Underlined words into Chine

20、se 敬请贵公司惠寄我们一册永久牌自行车的目录和最新价目单。倘若贵公司的自行车质量另人满意并且价格有竞争性，我们将经常大量定货。早复为盼。Unit TwoText Four-stage-engine Operation一、教学要求与建议1。发动机是将化学能转化为机械能的机器，它的转化过程实际上就是工作循环的过程，简单来说就是通过燃烧气缸内的燃料，产生动能，驱动发动机气缸内的活塞往复的运动，由此带动连在活塞上的连杆和与连杆相连的曲柄，围绕曲轴中心作往复的圆周运动，而输出动力的。本课要求掌握一个工作循环包括有四个活塞行程（所谓活塞行程就是指活塞由上止点到下止点之间的距离的过程）：进气行程、压缩行程

21、、膨胀行程（作功行程）和排气行程。 2。本课 应用写作要求掌握电子邮件的格式并模拟写作。一个完整的电子邮件主要由三部分组成:：邮件头、邮件正文及签名。邮件头是一个电子邮件的前几行，它反映邮件的重要统计信息，主要包括时间(Date)、收件人的地址(To)、寄件人的地址(From)、主题(Subject)、能得到邮件副本的人的地址(Cc)。 主题行应该用简短的文字详细而准确地反映电子邮件的主要内容，因为绝大多数网络居民在决定是否阅读信箱中满满一叠电子邮件时，仅仅通过扫描一下Subject这一行。邮件签名一般与正文空开一行，附在邮件最后，内容一般是寄件人姓名、工作单位及地址、联系电话等，签名虽然是可

22、有可无的，但加上签名可以在双方交流中增进友谊。签名不应超过四行，否则会给人一种喧宾夺主的感觉。3。课文练习目的在于巩固所学词汇和短语；熟悉常用的汽车专业缩写词，扩大词汇量。4。重点词汇、短语 ： electric motor steam engine internal combustion engine gasoline engine kerosene engine diesel enginepiston top dead center bottom dead centerintake stroke compression stroke power stroke exhaust stroke

23、crankshaft revolution connecting rod volume intake valve exhaust valvespark plug crankpin port 二、课文教学提示 1. each time （that）clause-eg. 1 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城都要到我们学校来看看。 2 Each time he came to Shanghai he would stay with me for a few days.他每次来上海，总要和我呆上几天。2. As clau

24、se-adverbial of mannereg. 1 Just as an accelerator pedal controls the speed of a cars engine, the steel rods control the rate of the fission reaction. 正如汽车的加速杆控制发动机的速度一样，（反应堆中的）钢杆控制核裂变的速率。 2 The heavier air crowds the lighter gas upward as a piece of wood is forced to the surface of water. 比重较大的空气将比

25、重较小的气体挤向上方，就象木块浮向水面一样。三、Key to the exercises练习参考答案. Choose the correct word to match the sentence1. energy 2. gasoline 3. impulse 4. expand 5. stage 6. piston 7. mixture 8. plug 9. valve 10. spark. Fill in the table below English Chinesediesel engines 柴油机top dead center 上止点bottom dead center 下止点comp

26、ression stroke 压缩冲程exhaust valve 排气门spark plug 火花塞air-fuel mixture 可燃混合气intake valve 进气门connecting rod 连杆kerosene engines 煤油机Build Up Your Vocabulary. Write down the words that the important abbreviation stands for 1. alcohol blender gasoline2. alternating-current generator3. air cleaner housing4. a

27、utomatic car identification5. automotive crash injury research6. acoustic control induction system7. automatic checkout test equipment8. actual servo position. Look at the picture and label it correctly using the words given below1. Intake stroke 2. No compression 3. Compression stroke 4. Expansion

28、stroke 5. Exhaust stroke 6. Inlet valve 7. Exhaust valve 8. Piston 9. Connection rod 10. Crankshaft四、Written Expressions E-mail and Fax 电子邮件和传真. Put Chinese into EnglishA: 1. that I have made a new friend in Japan. 2. in my leisure hours 3. playing the violinB: 1. a copy of your catalogue and pricel

29、ist 2. copies of any descriptive leaflets 3. An early reply would be appreciated. Put English into Chinese1. 本公司专门从事东南亚贸易，但尚未与贵国发展业务往来。特函探询，能否发展有利于你 我双方的合作关系。2. 冒昧自荐，我们是本国最大的机械进口商之一，希望与贵公司建立贸易伙伴关系。3. 从怀特先生处得知，贵公司是你们地区最主要的电子产品进口商之一，随函附上我方产品插图目录及价目表。4. 承蒙日本东京工商业协会告知贵公司名称，并获悉贵公司生产纺织品、布品以及其它一般性商品，同时兼做进出

30、口生意。5. 我们是伦敦的一家进出口公司，主要经营各种机械设备，已有大约40年的商贸历史。6.公司是中国最大的食品贸易公司，在中国各主要城镇都有分公司及门市部。7.很高兴回复您对三轮车资料的询函。8. 兹回复贵公司2月15日来函，随函附上本公司最新价目表，以资参考。9.请惠告商品详情，包括产品尺寸、颜色、价格，并附上不同质地材料的样本。10. 随函附上公司概况、业务范围和其它方面的小册子一本，以资参考。Unit ThreeText The Power Mechanism of the Engine一、教学要求与提示1。曲轴连杆机构包括活塞、连杆、曲柄、带有飞轮的曲轴等，是发动机借以产生动力，并

31、将活塞的直线往复运动转变为曲柄的旋转运动而输出动力的机构。在作功行程中，活塞承受燃气压力在气缸内作直线运动，通过连杆转换成曲轴的旋转运动，并从曲轴对外输出动力。而在进气、压缩和排气行程中，飞轮释放能量又把曲轴的旋转运动转化成活塞的直线运动。本课要求掌握组成曲轴连杆机构的三个部分：气缸体曲轴箱组、活塞连杆组以及曲轴飞轮组。2。简历的内容有很强的目的性。如果是求职，重点应放在学历、专业特长、能力业绩上；如果是晋升职称，重点应放在任现职以来所取得的科研水平、工作实绩能力上，突出个人贡献、展示取得的成果，写出特色。本课应用写作要求掌握个人简历的格式并模拟写作。 3。课文练习目的在于巩固所学词汇和短语；

32、熟悉常用的汽车专业缩写词，扩大词汇量。4。重点词汇、短语 ： crankshaft and connecting rod assembly crankcase cylinder block piston flywheel thermal energy mechanical energy alloy ironpiston head piston ring piston land piston skirt piston pin hole flat concave convex turbulencering groove compression ring oil-control ringconnec

33、ting rod small end connecting rod big end connecting rod shank connecting rod cap connecting rod bearing half shell I-cross section bushing main bearing journal rod journal crank arm bearing counter-balanced weight flywheel end二、课文教学提示1. adj. + enough to do sth.eg. 1 He is old enough to go to school

34、. 他到了上学的年纪。 2This book is small enough to go in my pocket. 这本书很小，足以放进我的口袋。2. prep. + which clause-attributive clauseeg. 1 Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other. 语言是人们互相交流思想的工具。 2 At the center of an atom is a nucleus, around which electrons revolve. 原子的中心是原子核，

35、电子绕原子核旋转。3. thereforeeg. 1 Since you do not know, therefore I shall have to tell you. 因为你不知道，所以我不得不告诉你。2 The word is an uncountable noun and is used in a general sense, therefore it takes no article. 这个词是不可数名词，又是用于一般意义，所以不要加冠词。三、Key to the exercises练习参考答案Check Your Understanding. Choose the correct

36、word to match the sentence1. piston 2. block 3. cylinder 4.crankshaft 5. flywheel 6. crankcase 7. pin 8. turbulence. Fill in the table belowEnglish Chinesepower mechanism 动力装置thermal energy 热能kinetic energy 动能piston head 活塞顶部mechanical energy 机械能connecting rod 连杆heat dam 绝热槽power stroke 做功行程inertia

37、forces 惯性力piston ring 活塞环Build Up Your Vocabulary. Write down the words that the important abbreviation stands for 1.digital analog converter2.drive axle ratio3.drawbar horse power4.dual diaphragm distributor 5.direct fire unit6.distributor ignition7.double-overhead-camshaft (engine)8.diagnostic tro

38、uble code. Look at the picture and label it correctly using the words given ake stroke 2. compression stroke 3. power stroke 4. exhaust stroke 5. combustible mixture 6. intake valve 7. spark plug 8. exhaust valve 9. exhaust gas四、Written Expressions Rsum简历Read carefully the information give

39、n below and write a rsum for Kang Nali who is applying to study abroad.Rsum.Personal Data: .Education:1. Name: Kang Nali 9. 19992001 Xian Jiaotong University2. Address: 404 Building 23 Major in gas dynamics Xianjiaotong University M.S. degree China 10.19921996 Xian Jiaotong University3. Birthdate: A

40、ug.11 1970 Major in internal combustion engine B.S. degree （to be continued） .Experience:4. Bitheplace: Xian 11. 2003present Associate professor the Department of PME,XJU 19972003 Lecturer the Department of PME,XJU 19961997 Teaching assistant the Department of PME,XJU5. Nationality: Chinese 12. 1986

41、1992 Worker Xian Railway Construction Company6. Maritial Status: Married with a child .Special Training:7. Sex: male 13. 1997 one-year course in computers8.Interests: Football 14. 1991 3-month training class Arts to learn to make fans Classical musicUnit FourText Valves and valve Train1。配气机构的功用是按照发动

42、机每一气缸内所进行的工作循环和发火次序的要求，定时开启和关闭各气缸的进、排气门，使新鲜充量得以及时进入气缸，废气得以及时从气缸排出；在压缩与膨胀行程中，保证燃烧室的密封。新鲜充量对于汽油机而言是汽油和空气的棍合气，对于柴油机而言是纯空气。本课要求掌握气门组所包括的气门、气门导管、气门座、弹簧座、气门弹簧、锁片等零件和由摇臂、摇臂轴、推杆、挺柱、凸轮轴和正时齿轮组成的气门传动组。2。科学和技术是新词汇的主要供应者，每当某一门科学发展到一个新阶段的时候，就有相当大一批新词涌现。在这些新词当中，很多是该门科学的专用词汇，鲜为外行人所知晓，只有专科字典及词典才有收藏；但是，其中也有不少常被应用和引用，

43、结果成了一般人所喜闻乐道的用语。科技英语知识1要求了解科技英语词汇的来源，记住部分希腊和拉丁词素，最终掌握新出现的科技词汇。3。课文练习目的在于巩固所学词汇和短语；熟悉常用的汽车专业缩写词，扩大词汇量。4。重点词汇、短语 ： intake port exhaust port cylinder head intake manifold exhaust manifold valve gear timing gear camshaft tappet valve spring with fastener valve guide eccentric wheel drive gear gallerycyl

44、indrical bore push rod rocker armrubber ring rubber cap washervalve stem valve seat二、课文教学提示1. so that + clause-adverbial of purpose eg. 1 Stir the solution so that the compound may dissolve more quickly.搅一下溶液，使化合物溶解快些。 2 They worked hard so that they could overfulfil their task.他们努力工作，以便超额完成任务。2. be

45、 made of be made from eg. 1 The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of.导线的电阻也取决于制成的材料。2 This dress is made of nylon, isnt it?这件衣服的料子是尼龙的，是不是？3 Steel is made from iron.钢是由铁炼成的。4 Wine can be made from grapes.酒可以由葡萄酿成。3. consist of be composed of be made up ofeg. 1 A sentenc

46、e consists mainly of the subject and predicate.一个句子主要由主语和谓语组成。2 Coke consists mainly of carbon.焦炭的主要成分是碳3 Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.水由氧和氢组成。4 The army was composed entirely of mercenary troops.全军为雇佣兵所组成。5 The mobile medical team is made up of ten doctors.流动医疗队由十名医生组成。6 The majority of

47、 the population of our country is made up of workers、farmers and soldiers.工农兵占我国人口的大多数。三、Key to the exercises练习参考答案Check your Understanding . Choose the correct word to match the sentence1. camshaft2. rocker3. valve4. manifold 5. bore6. tappet7. eccentric 8. clearance. Fill in the table below Englis

48、h Chinesevalve gear 配气机构fresh charge 新鲜充气coil spring 螺旋弹簧valve stem 气门杆valve guide 气门导管push rod 推杆rocker arm shaft 摇臂轴cylinder head 气缸盖timing gear 正时齿轮valve clearance 气门间隙Build Up Your Vocabulary. Write down the words that the important abbreviation stands for 1.electronic (idle) air control valve 2

49、.electronic secondary air injection3.electronic air suspension4.electronic control advance5.engine control module6.engine coolant temperature7.electronic diagnostic monitor 8.evaporative emission control system. Look at the picture and label it correctly using the words given below1.camshaft 2. camf

50、ollower 3. push rod 4. adjuster 5. rocker shaft 6. rocker arm7. valve spring 8. valve 9. valve port 10. combustion chamber科技英语知识1. Put the following words into plural 1.appendices/appendixes 2.bacteria3.curricula/curriculums 4. data5.foci/focuses 6.formulae/formulas7.indices/indexes 8. media/mediums

51、9.nuclei/nucleuses 10. radii/radiuses11.stimuli 12. analyses13. bases 14. criteria15. hypotheses 16. phenomena17. axes 18. crises19. theses 20. abaci/abacuses . Write out noun form by adding the suffix to the following wordsexplosion exposure leader kindnesspreference width performance divisionobser

52、ver argument encouragement carelessnessintensity liberation possibility education. Write out verb form by adding the suffix to the following wordsmodernize centralize strengthen purifybroaden simplify weaken prettifyrealize industrialize normalize revolutionizeshorten deepen soften intensify. Write

53、out adjective form by adding the suffix to the following wordschildish drinkable hopeless naturalnorthward sunny wooden troublesomeheroic poisonous glorious passionatecustomary costly foolish beneficialUnit FiveText Engine Fuel System一、教学要求与建议1。汽油在汽油泵的作用下，自汽油箱流经汽油滤清器，滤去杂质后，进入汽油泵再压送到化油器中。空气则经空气滤清器滤去所

54、含灰尘后，流人化油器。汽油与空气在化油器中混合形成可燃混合气，经进气管分配到各个气缸。混合气在气缸内燃烧生成的废气，经排气管、消声器排到大气中。为检查油箱中的汽油量，还装有汽油油面指示表。本课要求掌握汽油机燃料供给系统。2。信用证主要内容(1)对信用证本身的说明。如其种类、性质、有效期及到期地点。(2)对货物的要求。根据合同进行描述。(3)对运输的要求。(4)对单据的要求，即货物单据、运输单据、保险单据及其它有关单证。(5)特殊要求。(6)开证行对受益人及汇票持有人保证付款的责任文句。(7)国外来证大多数均加注：“除另有规定外，本证根据国际商会跟单信用证统一惯例(1993年修订)即国际商会50

55、0号出版物 （UCP500）办理。”(8)银行间电汇索偿条款(TT Reimbursement Clause)。本课应用写作要求掌握信用证的格式并模拟写作。 3。课文练习目的在于巩固所学词汇和短语；熟悉常用的汽车专业缩写词，扩大词汇量。4。重点词汇、短语 ：fuel tank fuel supply line fuel pump fuel filter carburetor injector air-fuel ratio fuel feed pipe fuel nozzle baffle hinged float dashboard gaugeeccentric lobe diaphragm

56、armature magnetic coil pressure relief valve pressure regulatorthrottle plate二、课文教学提示1. instead of eg. 1 A lot of suitcases and purses are made of plastic instead of leather. 很多手提箱和钱包是塑料制成的，而不是皮制的。 2 You should be out instead of in on such a fine day. 天气这样好，你应该出去，不要呆在里面。2. rather than eg. 1 He shoul

57、d be rewarded rather than punished. 他应受奖励而不应受惩罚。 2 He was bolting his food rather than eating it. 他是在囫囵吞食物而不是吃。三、Key to the exercises练习参考答案Check your Understanding . Choose the correct word to match the sentence1. venturi 2. armature3. pump4. diaphragm 5. filter 6. float7. carburetor 8. discharge. F

58、ill in the table below English Chinesefuel injector pump 喷油泵air-fuel ratio 空燃比throttle plate 节气门fuel filter 燃油滤清器fuel pump 燃油泵magnetic coil 磁性线圈secondary filter 次级滤清器gasoline engines 汽油机diesel engines 柴油机intake valve 进气门Build Up Your Vocabulary. Write down the words that the important abbreviation s

59、tands for 1. electronic (idle) air control valve 2. electronic secondary air injection 3. electronic air suspension 4. electronic control advance 5. engine control module 6. engine coolant temperature 7. electronic diagnostic monitor 8. evaporative emission control system. Look at the picture and la

60、bel it correctly using the words given below 1. fuel tank2. overflow valve3. fuel filter 4. feed pipe5. hand primer6. fuel feed pump7. injection pump8. return pipe9. pressure pipe10. combustion chamber11. Injector 12. exhaust pipe13. exhaust valve14. return pipe15. air cleaner 16. intake pipe四、Writt