管理信息系统课件及电子讲稿session5

1、HUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversitySession 5: Organization Management and Information systems The relationship between Organization and information systemsSalient features of organizationsHow organizations affect information systemsHow information systems affect organizationsHUANG Lihu

2、aSchool of Management, Fudan University2.3Management管理的定义不严格地说就是通过其他人来完成某种任务或达到某个目标的一切活动。这些活动总体上包括计划、组织、领导和控制。管理者的主要任务是利用已有的和可以争取到的各种资源，包括人、财、物、设备、技术等，以最少的投入去获取最大的产出。管理者在实现其目标的过程中所应用的一切思想、理论和方法就构成了管理的主要内容。HUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityA Company SystemINPUTof raw materials/informat

3、ionOUTPUT of finished products/serviceManufacturing/operationPROCESSControl byManagementControl signalsControl signalsFeedback signalsFeedback signalsSystem BoundaryEnvironmentOperational ProcessManagement ProcessHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityWhat is an organization?Technical defi

4、nitionBehavioral definition: a collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that are delicately balanced over time through conflict and conflict resolution.HUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSMEDIATING FACTORS: Environment Cult

5、ureStructure Standard Procedures Politics Management Decisions ChanceORGANIZATIONSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYThe Two-Way Relationship Between Organizations and Information TechnologyHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSOrganization:Stable, formal structure

6、Takes resources from environment and processes them to produce outputsHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSBehavioral definition of Organization:Collection of rights, privileges, obligations, responsibilitiesDelicately balancedConflict resolutionHUANG

7、 LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSCommon Features of OrganizationsOrganizations are bureaucracies that have certain structural featuresClear division of laborHierarchyExplicit rules and proceduresImpartial judgmentsTechnical qualificationsMaximum organi

8、zational efficiencyStandard Operating Procedures:Precise rules, procedures, and practicesEnable organizations to cope with all expected situationsHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSCommon Features of OrganizationsOrganizational Politics:Divergent vi

9、ewpoints leads to political struggle, competition, and conflictHamper organizational changeOrganizational Culture: a set of fundamental assumptions about:What products the organization should produceHow and where it should produce themFor whom they should be producedHUANG LihuaSchool of Management,

10、Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION SYSTEMSUnique Features of OrganizationsStructures/Organizational types Goals ConstituenciesLeadership Styles, TasksSurrounding EnvironmentHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION SYSTEMSOrganizational Structures Entrepre

11、neurial: Start up businessMachine bureaucracy: Midsize manufacturing firmDivisionalized bureaucracy: Fortune 500Professional bureaucracy: Law firms, hospitals, school systemsAdhocracy: Consulting firmHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityTHE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZ

12、ATIONSInformation Technology Infrastructure and Information Technology ServicesInformation systems department:Formal organizational unitResponsible for information systems in the organizationHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityTHE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONSInf

13、ormation Technology ServicesHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityThe Systems Analyst as a facilitatorSystem AnalystSteering committeeIT VendorsApplications programmersDatabaseadministratorInterface design expertMgt/system ownerNetworkadministratorUser 1User 2User NHUANG LihuaSchool of Ma

14、nagement, Fudan UniversityHow Information Systems Affect OrganizationsEconomic theoriesInformation technology is a factor of production, like capital and laborTransaction cost theory: Firms can conduct marketplace transactions internally more cheaply to grow largerAgency theory: Firm is nexus of con

15、tracts among self-interested parties requiring supervisionBehavioral theories: Information technology could change hierarchy of decision makingLower cost of information acquisitionBroadens the distribution of informationHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityImplement ChangeSource: Leavitt

16、, Handbook of Organization (1965)TasksPeopleTechnologyStructureResistant相互调整MUTUAL ADJUSTMENTHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan UniversityMANAGERS, DECISION MAKING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSThe Role of Managers in OrganizationsClassical model of management:Traditional description of managementFocu

17、ses on formal functions: plan, organize, coordinate, decide, controlBehavioral model of management:Describes management based on observations of managers on the jobManagerial rolesExpectation of activities that managers should perform in an organizationHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan Universi

18、tyMANAGERS, DECISION MAKING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSManagers and Decision Making Process of Decision MakingStrategic Decision Making: Determines long-term objectives, resources, and policies Management Control: Monitors effective or efficient usage of resources and performance of operational unitsOp

19、erational control: Determines how to perform specific tasks set by strategic and middle-management decision makersKnowledge-level decision making: Evaluates new ideas for products, services, ways to communicate new knowledge, ways to distribute informationHUANG LihuaSchool of Management, Fudan Unive

20、rsityMANAGERS, DECISION MAKING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEMSDecisions are classified as:Unstructured: Non routine, decision maker provides judgment, evaluation, and insights into problem definition, no agreed-upon procedure for decision makingStructured: Repetitive, routine, handled using a definite procedu