2013考研英语完型强化讲义

1、一、完型一、完型填空命题形式分选项中选出最佳选项（T），使补全后的文章结二、完型二、完型填空测试点分考查考生对原文阅读理解基础上的先对已知信息进行把握和理未知信一、完型填空命题形式分2000变文章长度150-180字，10个填空2001开文章长度240-280字，20个填空阅读量增加 + 阅读难度增加（复杂句明显增多二、完型填空二、完型填空测试点分1、语考2、词10大逻辑关系、6大从二、完型填空测试点分1.对文章整体的把握（文章主旨+文章结构）阅读 2.对上下文(句)逻辑关系把握（10大逻辑关系）能力 3.对句子三、完型填三、完型填空“难度”分阅读量不技不懂完型的规角阅读难度不不掌握好的方不难

2、词、偏词不一步走错、满盘皆完型恰恰英语中最有规律可循的题型二、完型填空测试点分2、词考考查范思运词汇搭配运用、 心高频选项词能侧重深方法一、完方法一、完型如何“猜依靠选项的分布概率来“猜ABCD四、完型填空的规律方完型的填空题可以进一（大）部分靠“猜”+ 一（小）部分靠“做*任何人完型的最低分值在4分！-达方法一、完型如何“猜比如：会做5选项分布为AABBC；等于这部最低分值：会做两道（1分最高可能分值：会做10道且仍存在未出现选项（5分猜中5道（2.5分）4分猜中5道（2.5分）8完型“十二类”占2分左右的高难度很强的词汇运用功底（完型“十二类”占2分左右的高难度很强的词汇运用功底（题形容词

3、、副词、名词9-方法二、完型如何“做完型的填空题可以进行4812完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位、并列关、列举关、递进关、对比关、因果关、时间关、转折关、条件关、让步关、举例关完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位完型中最基本的考题，考生必须保证做对的题方法说明：定位分析填空前后原文信息，判断之间的辑关系，选择表达该逻辑关系的标志词为。完型“十二类”完完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位递进关系& 部分常用标志also, then, besides（与except区分）, additionally,inaddition,furthermore

4、,moreover, what is more;完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位并列关系& 部分常用标志and, and also, or, neithernor, eitheror, notonlybutalso,likewise,similarly,equally, he same way,t is（to say）, as well as,完型“十二类”完完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位转折关系& 部分常用标志but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunayinfactinre

5、alityactually on the other hand(完型“十二类”因果关系& 部分常用标志because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so.t, such.t, in order果和目的的因果关系）, consequently, accordingly, due to,nks to, in response to, on account of, because of, consideringt, seeinghat, nowt,lest,asaresult,forthis 完型“十二类”完完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻

6、辑关系定位列举（顺序）关系 & 部分常用标志secondlast of all,secondplacefinally,tobeginwithtocontinue,then,ononehandontheotherhand, for one thingfor another, oneanother, someothersstill others;完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位让步关系& 部分常用标志although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of

7、; anywayanyhow（常用于口语中表让步，出现在完型“十二类”对比关系(三完型“十二类”对比关系(三个特殊的标志词n,insteadof,not.例：I want go to Beijing rather n/insteadofShanghai I want to play rather n studyIwanttoplayinsteadof存在语法差Iamanotstudent完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位对比关系 & 部分常用标志词和短while, as, whereas( 表达对比不正式且语气弱), rather ninsteadofnot.but（不但表示对比完型“

8、十二类”完完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位时间关系& 部分常用标志when,whenever（时间关系/条件关系）,before, after, since, as (时间关系/因果关系), until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile,he me,at the same time;完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位条件关系& 部分常用标志if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, supt, supt, providingt, , with

9、，, 完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑完型“十二类”完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位、并列关、列举关、递进关、对比关、因果关、时间关、转折关、条件关、让步关、举例关完型“十二类”举例关系& 部分常用标志such as, for exle,forinstance(语法上为状语性短语), of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an exle, more specifically speaking,完型标准题型一：完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:1

10、998完型第47题转折关Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 the long run industrialization gre y raised the standard of living for 42 man. when England was still a 46 agricultural country, riod of great abundance and prosperity.Thisview, 47 ,is generally th

11、ought to be C)therefore 完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题：1994完型填空46题递进关Too often, carele se of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions he listener 45 erfere with his comprehen ; hence, the transmis -reception system breaks down . 46 , i

12、naccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him.A.Moreover B.However C.Preliminarily D.完型标准题型一：完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2004完型的第34题因果关More famisconsistofoneparenthouseholdsor two working parents, (34), children are likely to have le

13、sat homeAcontrarily Bconsequently CD完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:1999完型的第47题列举关sful safety programs may 45 grehe emphasis placedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreat emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work by _46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker.

14、 But, there are certain basic ideast must be used in every progr8m ifresults are to be obtained.ASomeBManyCEven完型标准题型一完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题: 1997年完型的第48题 对比逻辑关系 The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment ru

15、les, healthcare costs and pen 完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题: 1997年完型的第42题 对比逻辑关系 42 industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Maner, basedWisconsin, is booming.完型标准题型一：逻辑关系完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2001完型的第48题对比逻辑关39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caus

16、ed a of mediawhenhesaidtheofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropean legislation would be left to judges to 完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2000完型的第41题对比逻辑关If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap bet n his consumption and his production. He must store a largety of grain 41 consuming all his grain i

17、mmedia y.Aother n BaswellCinsteadof Dmore 完型标准题型一：完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2001完型的第31题举例关The ernment is to ban payments to witnesses bynewsp rsseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary AastoBforinstanceCinDsuch完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题大纲样题第20theywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscience and

18、technology, 20 the benefit.ABCD完型标准题型一：逻辑完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2003完型的第28题举例关itwouldbe 27 toplanactivitiesinwhichthere are more winners n losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (displaying) student artwork, and sponsoring book discus clubs.A.ineffect B.asaresult C.for

19、ex D.ina完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题: 2005年完型的第20题 举例关系 The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors for unfamiliarandemergencysignals 20 the smell of smoke, whiight indicate the danger of fire.AsimilarBsuchCalongDaside完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2010完型的第15题举例关It turns out t particular way of conducting the experiments

20、 may have led to 14 re ion of wha ppened. 15 , lighting was always changed onSunday.Whenworkstarted again on Monday, 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday 17_toriseforthenextcoupleofAInBForex CInconsequence DAs完型标准题型一：逻完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:1996完型的第50题让步关48 enough vitamins is essential to life, alt

21、hough the body has no nutritional use for （exvitamins. Many people, 50 , beveinbeingonthe safe side and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body s vitamin needs.(B)(C)(D)“用功只是出现与“用功”应考好的相反预期结完型标准题型一：完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2005完型的第1题 转折关Humans are thought to b

22、e insensitive smellers compared wi nimals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means t our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfa .ABCD例题:1996完型的第50题让步关sive（过量维生素）nouse没用正常预期“不吃额外维生素让awell-balanceddie

23、twillusuallymeetallbody s vitamin needs.（平衡的食谱满足身体 所有的维生素需求）不需要吃extra额外维生素特别说明：转折与让步首特别说明：转折与让步首先同属于一种大逻辑关例题:2004All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) adirectcausal relationship has not yet been established.ABCD完型标准题型一：逻辑关系定位例题:2006完型的第11题让步

24、关 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 t will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.AB CD学会逻辑关系定位 “一招”就可定乾坤 2011年完型学会逻辑关系定位 “一招”就可定乾坤 2011年完型：只做逻辑关系加“猜”题方法的得分“做”的“猜”的1. C （让步）6.B（转折13.D（因果）20.C（并列其他的16道题均填A

25、 选项从未出现猜中5道得分：2得分：2.5总得分：5学会逻辑关系定位一招”就可定乾坤只做逻辑关系+ 其余均使用“猜”题方法“做”的“猜”的12类完型标准题型中只做逻辑关系其他题均“猜所占分值13猜中5道题（最好情况）得分：1分 3得分：2.5完型总得分：4-6标准题型四、复现结构标准题型五、总分结构对照法 4812完型文完型文章采用总分对照结完型文章有明确的中心主中主导向性或作者态度的倾向性完型文章-“黑社会组织的文章分析：2001年完型文章的布局结首段：The分析：2001年完型文章的布局结首段：The ernment is to ban payments to witnesses by n

26、ewsp rs seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. 总述文章探向证人主 钱Buy线 文章的导对向证付”持对的负态度证第一步：重点读段的首句第三步：扫读述，定位重点意（句），与首（句）对照分填填总述 首段（句（主线分析：2000年完型文章的布局结If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide分析：2000年完型文章的布局结If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must

27、try to keep a wide gap bet n his consumption and his 消文章基本导向：农民想要成功, 生产必须大于消费生分析：2001年完型文章的布局结一个主线- 主线控制全对向证人付钱”负态度In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will roduce a 33 bill t will pro e making payments to witnesses and will strictly control the amo

28、unt of 35 t can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.loansborrowmoney分述loansborrowmoney分述二:支持生产消总述: If no surplus is available, can not be self 分述sellsomeofhissomeofhis分述一:从正面支持生产消HemuststoreatyofHecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily He must use thihree waysHemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigatio

29、n and improve his farm in other ways总述：直接概括出文章主线: 农民想要成功, 生产 消He must store a largety of grain 41 consuming all his grain immedia y. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produ a surplus. He must use this surplus hree ways: as seed for sowing, as an 43 the unpredictable effects of

30、bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 (self-sufficient) . He

31、must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of erest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown he communicationProper selection will eliminate one source of

32、42 breakdown he communication cycle. Too often, carelese of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. he listener erfere with his hence,thetransmis -receptionsystembreaksdown46 , inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is be

33、ing transmitted to him. The speaker who does no ve specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50tcanbeunderstoodbyhis分析：1994年完型文章的布局结文章首（两）and smallest unittcanbediscussedinrelation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importa

34、nce（ FOUCS）：有关“用词”问主线 文章导向(作者态度倾向)：如何选词分析：2003年完型文章的布局结文章首（两）句分析：2003年完型文章的布局结文章首（两）句 总Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, ellectual, and physical changes t young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes.A.strengthen modate C.stimulateD

35、. 22 (动词)概括文章主线导变young青少分述二: 从seofwords unfavorableerferewith breaksinaccurateorindefinite 43:A. encouragesB.C.destroy D.44:A.passB.takeC.backup D. stir分述一: 从正面支Proper selection -（正确的选词会产生好处总述：直接概括出文章主线: “选词”总述-主线导向分述:teenagers are lly self-conscious and need 总述-主线导向分述:teenagers are lly self-conscio

36、us and need t comes from achieving sucs and knowingt their plishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competitiontit would be to plan activities in which there are more nA.assistanceB.C.confidence D.A.B.C. D.A. B. C.D. Growing bodies need movem

37、ent and 23, but not just in ways t emphasize competition. 24they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of newellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are espelly self-conscious and need the 25t comes from achieving sucs and knowingplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical t

38、eenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition t it would be 27to plan activities in which there are more n losers, , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29student artwork, and sponsoring book discusclubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities

39、for leadership, as well as for practice in sful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremelyimportanttoteenagers,分析：2007年完型文章分析：2007年完型文章的布局结文章首(两)句By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad eindependentnations.Theroughly20million of these nations looked 2_totheAconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly Dlo

40、oked2_概括文章主线导the未分析：2006年完型文章的布局结文章首句：ThehomelessmakeupapercentageofAmericaspopulation总述概括（FOUCS）：“Thehomeless”问题文章导向(作者态度倾向)：growingAsearching BstrollingCcrowding Dwandering 15 AlifeBexistence Csurvival文章分The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of ev

41、erything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery he areas he liberated. By 1854文章分The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery h

42、e areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except 17 colonies. Early promises to end n tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears t the mass

43、of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.文章分hecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism, many of the leaders of the independence the ideals of represenernment, careers 4_ _ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5_ _ to private property, and a behe individual as the basis of society.

44、6_ _ there was a bet the new nations should be sovereign and independent slarge enough to be economically viable andby a 7_ _ set of laws.完型文章布局结构总完型文章布局结构总以下的外在规律紧标准题型2（无关词排除法内在一致 标准题型3（同现结构标准题型4（复现结构总分对照 标准题型5（总分结构对照法Aconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly DIdeals、freedom、 economicallyviable、 egalitari

45、an, equalityabolishslaveryliberated puzzledhostile pessimistic unprepared总述：新独立国家人民looked 2_tothe无关词排除法（与无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法）- 应用例2001年完型 的34、35首段：The ernment is to ban payments to witnesses by newsp rs seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. 总述文章Buy文章的导对负态度证完

46、型标准填空题型无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的 和主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章 和主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确 之外。无关词排除法无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法）- 应用例文章首句：ThehomelessmakeupapercentageofAmericaspopulation总述概括（FOUCS）：“Thehomeless”问题文章导向(作者态度倾向)：growingAsearching BstrollingCcrowding Dwandering 15 AlifeBexistence Csurvival无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法）- 应

47、用例2001年完型 的34、35文章分In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will roduce a 33 bill t will pro e making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 t can be given to a case 36atrial34 A. illogical B. illegal C. improbable D. improp

48、er 35A.publicityB.penalty C.popularity D.1995年1995年完型 43“Sle s divided o periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by ra eye movements and dreaming, and long eriods of non-REM sleep.（41 Neither）kind of sle s at all wel derstood , but REM sle s 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain.

49、The pur e of non-REM sle s even more 43 43.(A)subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious 文章 （FOUCS）REM和non-REMsleep两种睡眠主线导向(作者态度倾向)：两种睡眠都不被很好地了解完型标准填空题型同现结构法（与主旨导向一致解题法同现结构法应用实例 - 2003同现结构法应用实例 - 2003年完25、26、27总述(主线导向): And they also need to give serious 21tohowthey can be best 22 (modate) such changes.分述:teen

50、agers are lly self-conscious and need t comes from achieving sucs and knowingt their plishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competitiontit would be to plan activities in which there are more nA.assistanceB.C.confidence D.A.B.C. D. A. B. C.D

51、. 标准题型3: 同现结构法应用实例 -1998年完型46“Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 t he long run industrialization gre y raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted t its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespre overty and

52、 misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw he preceding dred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.”41.A)admitted B)be ved C)claimed 46.A)broadly B)thoroughly C)generally D)comple 分述二: 从seof分述二:

53、从seofwords unfavorableerferewith breaksinaccurateorindefinite 43:A. encouragesB.C.destroy D.44:A.passB.takeC.backup D. stir分述一: 从正面支Proper selection -（正确的选词会产生好处总述：直接概括出文章主线: “选词”同现结构法应用实例1994年完型 43、44The and smallest unit t can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choi

54、ce of words is 41 the utmost importance Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown he communication cycle. Too often, carele se of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions he listener 45 erfere with his co

55、mprehen ; hence, the transmis -reception system breaks down .46 , inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand.Aconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly DIdealsAconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly DIdealsfreedom、 同 be f、sovereign、 倾 independent、 向 economicallyviable词 eg

56、alitarianequalityabolish slaveryself-rule、同填空puzzledhostile pessimistic unprepared总述：新独立国家人民looked 2_tothe同现结构法应用实例-2007年完20文章主线导向(总述By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad eindependentnations.Theroughly20millionofthesenationslooked2（hopefully）tothefuture.分述：Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemp

57、eredby t the mass of the population was 20_ _ self- rule and democracy.ApuzzledBhostileCpessimisticDunprepared复现例子：2001复现例子：2001年完“The ernment is to ban payments to witnesses by newsp rs seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal c

58、ontrols over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will roduce 33 bill t will pro e making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 t can be given to a case 36 a trial In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvin

59、e said he 37 with a committee report this year which said t self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.”完型标准填空题型三: 复现结构说明：复现是完型文章中词汇的一种衔接 ，即对同一事物/概念的重复描述. 。完型文章存在复现结构根本原因主线控制全文的文章一复现结构法应用复现结构法应用实例(原词复现)：1995年完型 .Thepur eofnon-REMsle s evenmore43 new experiments, such as these 44 for the time at a

60、 recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non- REM sleep .For ex le, i s long been known t total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet ,47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look comple y normal. A researcher has now 48 the