英语语言学填空题

1、Chapter oneLinguistics is generally defined as the.The study of language as a whole is often called .The study of_ used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of phonetics.The study of is known as semantics.Psycholinguistics relates the study of languagejo.The study of is generally kno

2、wn as applied linguistics.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzethe languagepeople actually use, it is said to be.The description of a languageat some point of time in is asynchronic study the description of a language as it through time is a diachronic.From the point of view of linguist

3、ic evolution, speech is towriting.refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the member of a speech community, and refers to the realization of langue in actual use.Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammer is .Modern linguistic regardsthe languageas primary, not the written.Ma

4、ny of the rules of traditional grammer apply only to thelanguage.When the study of meaning is,not in isdation ,but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics.Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different of linguistic study.答案：scientific st

5、udy of languagegeneral linguisticssoundsmeaningpsychologyapplicationsdescriptivehistory; changespriorangue; paroleprescriptive12.spoken13.written14.conducted 15.typesChapter TwoPhonetics is defined as the study of the of language;if is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world s language

6、The three branches of phonetics are , auditory phonetics andacousfic phonetics respectively.English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _and the other is in terms of .Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspectof language-.The different throes which can r

7、epresent a phoneme in different phonetics envronments are called the of that phoneme.The assimulation rulesssimilates one sound to another by“ copying ”feature of a; thus making the two phones similate.The assimulation rule also accounts for the of the alvedarnasal in some sound combinations.The del

8、etion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although itis.Language is first through its sounds.The letter P in terms of place of articulation in terms of mannerof articulation is.not phonetic identity is the ctciterion with which we operate the phonological analysis of languageThe greatestsour

9、ceof modification of the air stream is founding the .Corresponding to the distinction of long and short vowels is the distinction of andvowels .A phoneme is further analyzable because it consists of a set of.Similar alteration of stress also occurs between a and a phraseconsisting of the same elemen

10、ts.答案 :phonic mediumlabeled articulation phoneticsmanner of articulation; place of articulationthe speech soundsallo phonessequential phonemevarying pronunciationorthographically representedperceivedbilabial; stopsphonetic similarityoral cavity.tense; lox.simultaneous distinctive pound nounChapter T

11、hreeLinguists define the word as the smallest found in language.Morpheme is the that carries information aboutmeaning or function.The root consistutes the of the word and carries the majorcomponents of its meaning .Morpheme are usually : there is no nature connection betweentheir sound and meaning.W

12、hen are conjoined to other morpheme( or words) , a newwords are derived , or formed.Derivation is an that form a word with meaning and categorydistinct from that of its bases.Unlike phonemes and syllables which are the elements of sound , words.are the foundation building blocks of a language .Lingu

13、ists use the term morphology to refer to the part of the grammer that is concerned with and .The content words of language , such as ,and adverbs,are sometimes called open class words.Affixes belong to a lexical category and are always boundmorpheme.Bound morphemes which are for the most part purely

14、 grammatical makers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case arecalled., and free morphemes combine are the major ways toproduce new words.The ways word are formed are called .When two words are in the same , the compound will be inthis category.答案：free formsmallest unit of languagecorearbit

15、raryderivational morphemesaffixational processcarry meaningwordsword formation; word structurenouns; verbs; adjectivesdo not12.inflectional morphemes.derivation; compounds.morphological rules.grammatical categoryChapter four.To determine a words category, three criteria are usually employed： , , . T

16、he XP rule is.Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that .The S rule is.The first, formed by the in accordance with thesubcategorization properties, is called deep structure.questions begin with a wh- word are called.Corresponding to the final syntactic form of sentence which resu

17、lts from appropriate transformations , is called.f the head is a verb, then the specifier is.Word level categories are divided into two kinds: and.Syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called. The structures which formed by joining two or more elementsof the some type wit

18、h the help of a conjunction are.The information about is included in the head andtermed subcategorization.The element which specifiesoptionally expressibleproperties of hand is.A specialtype of rule that can move an element from one position to another is.The construction in which the complement phr

19、asesis embedded is called.答案meaning inflection, distributionX (specifier)X(complement)govern the formation of sentencesS NP VPXP rule , head squestionssuffice structurequalifiermajor lexical categories , minor lexical categoriesphrasescoordinate structuresa word s complementmodifiers4.transformation

20、matrix clauseChapter five.According to the naming theory , words are just or labeis for things .Though t/ReferenceSymbol/Form t).Two kinds of context are recognized :the situational context and the.In the English vocabulary there are two category of words: and.Synonyms can be divided into the, styli

21、stic synonyms,and collocational synonyms.When two words are identical in,they are.When two words are identical in,they are homographs.swperordinate is more general in meaning, but hyponyms is more.three kinds of antonymy are recognizedGradable antonymys, and.There are four certain relations between sentences,theyare：,and preswpposes.There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning_and meaning .In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is true ,if X is