2013中考英语时态总复习new1

1、凯阅教育英语中考总复习英语的动词时态英语语法上讲的时间，通常有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来时态（tense)通常包含两个意思： 1.动作（状态）发生在什么时间 2. 动作（状态）发生以后是什么状态动作、时间和状态 动作 时间一般完成进行完成进行现在一般现在时I do 现在完成时I have done现在进行时I am doing现在完成进行时I have been doing过去一般过去时I did过去完成时I had done过去进行时I was doing过去完成进行时I had been doing将来一般将来时I shall/will do将来完成时I shall/will hav

2、e done将来进行时I shall/will be doing将来完成进行时I shall/will have been doing过去将来一般过去将来时I should/would do过去将来完成时I should/would have done过去将来进行时I should/would be doing过去将来完成进行时I should/would have been doing16 Different Tenses (动词的16种时态)动词原形第三人称单数现在分词动名词过去式过去分词needneedsneedingneedingneededneededgogoesgoinggoing

3、wentgonewritewriteswritingwritingwrotewritten动词的基本形式动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，动词用原型；一般时单数三人称，动词加“s” 。一般过去时，动词加“ed”。I work.He works.I worked.现在进行时,进行时例句：I am working.过去进行时,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。例句：I was working.将来时一般将来时，would加原型。过去将来时，will加原型。I will work.I would work.完成时现在完成时，have/has加过分。I have worked.过去

4、完成时，had 加过分。I had worked.一、一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如:always,usually,often, sometimes, never, every day/week /month/year等,at, on Sunday等。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east o

5、f China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the c

6、up. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可表将来。主要用于表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情计划。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

7、When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. The sports meeting will be cancelled

8、if it rains tomorrow.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month, the other day,

9、 in 1982, in the past；just now=a moment ago等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用过去时表示现

10、在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could, would，例如：Could you lend me your bike? Would you like something to drink?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If

11、I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.三、一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to do表将来。What are you going to do tomorrow?Look at the dar

12、k clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情,常与now,Look! Listen! 等词连用。例如：We are waitin

13、g for you now. listen! My son is singing with his friends.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warme

14、r. 4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, cost, owe, weigh, continue等 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, remember

15、, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等 I accept your advice.4) 系动词。如：seem, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等 You seem a little tired.五、过去进行时1）

16、概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用时间状语有：at that time, this time yesterday,this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, as, when, while等，例如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when t

17、hey left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB

18、. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 present(now)futurepast 现在完成时( present perfect tense)do my homework 六、现在完成时1现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词注：ha

19、s 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。 2现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before, 等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. She has ever been to Beijin? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost m

20、y science book. 有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。presentpastI have bought an apple.One minute agonowI bought an apple.I have an apple.（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。常与for+时间段，since+时间点或句子，so far(till now/up to now), recently, today, this week(month, year) ，in the past/last +时间段等。 I havent seen her these days

21、. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 presentpastI have lived here for two years2 years agonowI lived here.I never move.I still live here.（3）经验性

22、用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often, always, every week, twice等连用，例如： I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说.He has rung me up five times today. 他今天都给我打了五次电话了（4）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homew

23、ork. 我一做完作业就去你家。 If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park. 如果早上雪停了，我们就去公园。can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 1. Bill has gone to London , he will come back tomorrow. 2. A: Where are the twins? B: They have gone to the cinema. 3. I have been t

24、o Paris twice. He has never been there. 4. A: Have you ever been to America ? B: No , never . 5. A: How long have you been in China ? B: For one year. 6. He left for England two days ago. He has been there for two days. can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever,

25、 never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 Her sister _ Australia.She left this morning.has gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: Where is Bob ?B: He _ Japan with his sister. h

26、as gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: I havent seen you for a long time. Where _ you _? B: I _ the United States. have been to have been can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gon

27、e to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: How long _ you _ China? B: I _ here for 3 years. have been have been in can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A

28、: _ you ever _ the city ? B: No , never .Have been to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 We _ Germany many times in the past 3 years. have been to 1.where is Jim? He Wuhan.2. My parents the Great Wa

29、ll twice. They like there very much. you ever the Happy valley?How long Peter the West Hill farm?My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours.She Shanghai. She isnt here.She Shanghai. Now she is back.She Shanghai for two yearshas gone to have been to Have been to hasbeen in has gone to has gone

30、 to has been to has been in 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already,

31、 recently，lately等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always等不确定的时间状语。请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw a film yesterday. （强调看电影这个动作） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已知） She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了，强调

32、行罚。） He has been in the League for three years. (团员的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. （三年前入团，强调行为） Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (已不再住在肯塔基州) Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (现还住肯塔基州， 也有可能指刚离去)注意：句中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错）T

33、om has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 典型例题：1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案B ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2. Im sorry to keep you waiting.

34、 Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别：延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2) 用于till / until 从句的差异： 延续动词用

35、于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：begin/startbe ongo therebe thereleave/movebe awayget homebe homediebe deadopenbe openjoinbe in / be a member ofclosebe closedget to kno

36、wknowget marriedbe marriedborrowkeepcome herebe herebuyhaveget upbe upbecomebefall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/sick/asleepreturn comme/go backbe backarrive/reachbeen there/incatch a coldhave a coldfinish/complete/endbe overwake/wake upbe awakeput onwear/be onbegin/start to study studygo to schoolbe at sch

37、oolbegin/start to dodolosebe lost/gonecome to work work1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.They got to

38、know 10 years ago.10.I borrowed the book a week ago.11.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.They_ _since 1

39、0 years ago. I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave knownhave kepthave had现在完成进行时的结构： have(has) been +动词的现在分词现在完成进行时表示的是：某个动作在过去的某个时刻发生以后，一直进行到目前此刻，这个动作也可能刚刚终止，也可能继续下去，通常和since + 时间点、for+时间段这

40、类表持续性的时间状语配搭使用。 七、现在完成进行时例：I have been waiting for you for two hours此句中，谓语动词have been waiting既不表示“等”这个动作的起点A，也不表示这个动作到目前此刻O点，而是表示这个动作经历了一段时间AO. AO=两小时，在这两小时内，“等”这个动作一直不断地进行。现在完成进行时AQOPwaitedHave been waiting1. 肯定句：“主语+have(has) been+动词的现在分词+其他.”如：I have been sitting here all the afternoon.我在这儿坐了一下午。

41、He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.自十岁起他就开始收集各式各样的邮票。2. 否定句：“主语+have(has) not been+动词的现在分词+其他.如：They havent been meeting each other for five years. 他们有五年没见面了。He hasnt been teaching here these years. 这些年他并没有一直在这儿教书。3. 一般疑问句：“Have(Has) + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词？”其肯定回答：“Y

42、es, 主语 + have(has).”否定回答：“No, 主语 + havent (hasnt).” 现在完成进行时句型结构1、在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。 I have read the book. 我读过这本书。 I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。 The students have been preparing for the exam. （还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。 The students have prepared for the exam. （已经结束）学生们为考试

43、作了准备。 【注】有少数动词（如work, study, live, teach, stay等）在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多（只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性）。（如下面两个例子）How long have you worked been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了？Ive lived been living here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如： I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。

44、（陈述事实） I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时 (等得好辛苦）3.有些表示状态、感情、感觉的静态动词，如：have, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词或不能用于现在进行时行一些动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如： Ive only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。 Theyve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。 The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间

45、。4. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如： The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在 过去的过去的动作。 They had got married when he came back. got married came back现在过去过去的过去我来晚了！没希望了！终于结婚了！好幸福呀！现在完成时1、概念：表示过去的过去。 | 过去以前 过去 现在 其结构是：had + 过去分词2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句

46、中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most

47、of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. （2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. （3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.（4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police a

48、rrived, the thieves had run away.（5）表示虚拟语气： If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.时间现在过去那时所预见的情况八、一般过去将来时一、基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack an

49、y more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 二、基本形式： wouldshould动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。例如： They were sure they would win the final victory他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他没想到我们都在那里。 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和 should（would）be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure

50、 和 didnt expect 相对应。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式： 1wasweregoing to动词原形 He said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。 2waswereto动词原形 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3waswere about动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。 4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come

51、， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。 四、用法注意点： 1在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如： He said he would come to see you when he had time 他说他有时间就来看望你。 2“would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，都可用would。 When he was a child he would get up early 他年幼时，总是很早起床。 1.T

52、he English professor arrived here about a week ago The English professor _ _ here for about a week .2.Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago . Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here . The French musician _ _

53、 _ China for a month .4.He joined the army in 1985 . He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago . He has been a League _ _ half a year . 改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。has beenhas workedhas been in has been in sincemember for 6.The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _ already _ _ for five

54、 minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in September . The girl _ _ the school bag since September .8. The shop closed last winter . The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago . The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago . The dog _ _ _ for two days .

55、 11. The meeting ended last month . The meeting _ _ _ for a month . has been away has hadhas been closed has been on has been deadhas been over 用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here

56、you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _ Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.has gone toHave been tohave been tohave beenhave been tohas gone tohas gone to选择been , gone填空.1.Jim is on holiday . He has _ to Italy .

57、2. Hello ! I have just _ to the shops . I have bought lots of things .3.Alice is not here at the moment . She has _ to the shop to get a newspaper .4.Tom has _ out . He will be back in about an hour .5.“ Are you going to the bank ?” “No , I have already _ there .”gonebeengonegonebeen根据情景用动词的适当形式填空A：

58、 I _(not see) George since he_ (leave) this school a year ago . _ you ever _(see) him again ?B： Yes, I have. I _(meet) him a few days ago .A： Where _ you _ (meet) him ?B： I _ (meet) him in the museum . He was looking at some paintings when I _ (see) him . We _ (say) hello to each other . havent seen

59、 lefthaveseenmetdid meetmetsawsaid1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ f

60、or a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadDThe shop has been _ for an hour. A. close B. closing C. closed2. How long have you _ the book? A. borrowed B. kept C. bought3. They _ Guangzhou for