中国农业大学博士入学考试英语试题

1、PartIListeningComprehension(30questions,20points)SectionA(20questions,10points)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearshortconversationsbetweentwopeople.Aftereachconversation,youwillhearaquestionabouttheconversation.Theconversationandquestionswillnotberepeated.Afteryouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleansw

2、ersinyourtestbookandchoosethebestanswer.Then,onyouranswersheet,findthenumberofthequestionanddrawalinecrossingtheletterthatcorrespondstotheletteroftheansweryouhavechosen.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)2hours3hours4hours5hoursA)Hewillbeinthelineforalongtime.Hehashadexperiencecomingtoalineandwaiting

3、foralongtime.Hewillnotlineupandwait.Hedoesntmindgettingupearlybecauselinesdontbotherhim.A)Sheisntknowledgeableaboutwherethingsareoncampus.Thepeopleoutsideareverygoodtoask.Themanshouldnotasktheregistrationoffice.Theregistrationisoutsideofthebuilding.A)Doabetterjobofguessingwhatsheisexpecting.Gotalkto

4、theprofessorandfindoutwhatherexpectationsare.Keeptryingtoworkharder.ComplaintothedeanaboutprofessorMerringtonsstrictmarking.A)Hedidntpayforitasexpected.HeboughtaHorizon.Hepaidalotforit.Hedidntpaythatmuchalthoughyoumightthinkhehad.A)Cometothecafeteriaearlytogetaplace.Startcookinginsteadofeatingout.Mo

5、veoutofthecampushousing.Stopcomplaining.A)Sheisagreatoutdoortype.Itisunusualforhertogomountainclimbing.Shaniaprefersmountainclimbing.Shaniadoesntreallyliketheoutdoor.A)Goinacoupleofweekslater.Comeassoonashefinishedhiscase.Notgoandworkonhisassignment.Comeassoonasheisnotsofarbehind.A)Whoisbeggingthepr

6、ofessorformoney.Whatisbotheringtheprofessor.Whytheprofessorissoupset.Whoisgivingtheprofessortrouble.A)Shedoesntwanttoplayhere.Heshoulddecidewheretoplay.Heshouldcallsomeoneelse.Shewouldhavetobetheretodecide.A)Sheislateforsomething.Shewasbored.Shethinkstheyshouldntwait.Shethinksmoreshouldbeachieved.A)

7、Heistoobusytogo.Heislateforherassignment.Hewouldliketogobutisafraidshecannotplaywell.Hewillgoassoonastheassignmentisfinished.A)Shethinksthereisnochanceofithappening.ShethinksitsquitepossibleunderthecircumstancesSheisambivalent.Shewouldratherjusthelpnurses.A)Themanshandwillgetcold.Themanneedstoweargl

8、oves.Themanshouldholdtheskishimself.Themanshouldwearthinnergloves.A)Margesproofreadingcostsalot.ItwilltakeonedayforMargetogetback.Margecoulddoitbutitwillmeanmoredelay.Margemayormaynotdoit.A)Hethinksthewomanshouldpracticemore.Hethinksshehasntpracticedenough.Hethinksthewomanisnowperfectatthenewprogram

9、.Hethinksshepracticedalotsoitsnowpayingoff.A)Lookafterifsheispaid.CallMaggietolookafterthedog.Notlookafterthedog.Lookafterthedog.A)Thelocationofthecomputer.Thenewschedule.Howtofindanewhome.Theaddressofthewebsite.A)Shecangoanyday,butFridayisthebesttime.Shecantgoanyday.ShecanonlygoonFriday.Shecangoany

10、dayexceptFriday.A)GototheReedsHotelpool.ArrangeforapartyatReedsHotel.Remindhertogetthingsreadyquickly.ConfirmbookingsatReedsHotel.A)Billsemailisontheinternet.Billsnumberislistedontheinternet.Billsnumbermightbeonthelistingontheinternet.Billmayhavemoved.SectionB(10questions,10points)Directions:Inthiss

11、ection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglel

12、inethroughthecenter.Passage1Questions21to23arebasedonthepassageyouvejustheard.A)InancientChina.InancientEgypt.InancientGreece.InancientRome.A)InancientEgyptonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtouseumbrellas.Bythelate16thcenturytheEnglishpeoplebegantouseumbrellas.Theumbrellachangedmuchinstyleinthe1

13、8thcentury.Theumbrellawasinitiallyusedasasunshade.A)Whenandhowtheumbrellawasinvented.Themakingoftheumbrella.Thehistoryoftheuseoftheumbrella.Thedifferentusesoftheumbrella.Passage2Questions24to27arebasedonthepassageyouvejustheard.A)Boththeplayersandthespectatorsareprotected.Theplayershavetocatchbeetle

14、sintheircars.Theballisextremelybig.Theplayershavetocatchtheballwhiledriving.A)Dangerous.Excitingbutdangerous.Protective.Popular.A)Hethinksthegamewillbeaspopularasfootball.Hethinksthegamewillbemorepopularthanfootball.Hedoesntthinkthegamewillbemorepopularthanfootball.Hedoesntthinkthegamewillbepopulara

15、tall.A)Americansareonlyinterestedinnewthings.ThegameispopularbothinAmericaandEurope.FootballisnolongerverypopularinAmerica.Thegamecanbedangerousforboththeplayersandthespectators.Passage3Questions28to30arebasedonthepassageyouvejustheard.A)Scientistsandcomets.Theoriginofcomets.Placeofcometsinthesolars

16、ystem.Mansstudyofcomets.A)In1760B.C.In1770B.C.In1780B.C.In1750B.C.A)Theword?cometcomesformGreek.Peopleusedtothinkthatcometsbroughtbadnewsaswellasgoodnews.EdwardHalleydiedin1758.HalleysCometwillreappearin2062.PartII.Vocabulary(25questions,25points)SectionADirections:There15incompletesentencesinthisse

17、ction.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterintheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Thefirstthingtodoinseekingapositionistodetermineexactlywhatyouwanttodo,notavagueobjectivebutwithadefinitegoal.inanytermB)inte

18、rmsofC)inhightermsD)insettermsEnergyshortage,soaringinflation,rampantunemploymentandthreatofwarhavemadeadultsAmericansnervous,andthatsenseofpervasiveworryhasbeenthenationsyouth.wentontoD)keepupwithC)passedontoD)holdontoTheideaoftryingtocheattheincometaxauthoritieshisprinciples,hehadastrongsenseofciv

19、icresponsibility.wentagainstB)foughtagainstC)leanedagainstD)overagainstIfanyonecanthinkofabettercourseofaction,Isuggestions.wouldliketoB)amdelightedtoC)aminopenD)amopentoWithtechnologicaldevelopments,somelabor-intensiveindustrieshavehigh-techindustries.givenupB)steppedasideC)stoodalongD)yieldedtoYou

20、arelookingbitthismorning;youmusthavehadtoomuchalcohollastnight.blankB)fragileC)blueD)dizzyAssheistoeggs,shecannoteatonewithoutbreakingintoarash.partialB)accustomedC)allergicD)relevantShestilllooksweakthoughherfeveraftershetooksomemedicine.A)educedB)caughtC)gotoffD)camedownRelationsbetweenthetwocount

21、riesbegantoin1965.A)deteriorateB)ceaseC)accelerateD)stimulateEconomicactivityhasbeenorganizedontheofcheapandabundantoilfromthebeginningofthe20thcenturyuntilearlythe21stcentury.A)gistB)notionC)rationaleD)premiseOwingtoa/anlackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghou

22、singissue.A)acuteB)stressfulC)demandingD)urgentTheideathatmachinescouldbemadetoflyseemedtwohundredyearsago.A)originalB)eccentricC)terrificD)splendidThepolicyitnecessaryforthetownssafetytoarrestmostspeeders.narratedB)elaboratedC)deemedD)commendedIfyoudosomethingon,youdoitbecauseyousuddenlywantto,alth

23、oughyouhaventplannedto.impulseB)pulseC)impromptuD)imminenceIfnumbersprovideanyproof,Americasuniversitiesandcollegesaretheenvyoftheworld,fortheUnitedStates3,500institutionswerefloodedwith407,530studentsfrom193differentcountrieslastyear.A)definiteB)strongC)fundamentalD)sheerSectionBDirections:Chooseth

24、eonewordorphrasethatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedwordorphrase.Shortageoflandandfundingareblamedforthecitysinadequategreenspace.A)complainedaboutB)areliableforC)accusedofD)aredamnedasThehostessdidntknowwhattodo,asshehadntgotenoughfoodtogoroundsomanypeople.A)giveser

25、vicetoB)caterforC)beenoughforD)sateoneselfwithThegovernmentstressedthathighproductionrateshouldnotbeachievedattheexpenseofworkquality.A)atanyexpenseB)atthecostofC)atanycostD)totheextensionofTheideathatwecannotleaveeverythingtofreemarketforcesseemstogaingroundA)beacknowledgedB)beacceptedC)standstillD

26、)getthegroundofItisreportedthatthecountrysnationaldebtamountsinaggregatetofourthousandmilliondollars.A)asawholeB)onthewholeC)totaltoD)sumupAtitslastmeeting,theCouncilendorsedchangesintendedtomodernizethebuilding.A)modifiedB)approvedC)signedD)donatedTheUnitedStatescommittedabreachofinternationalpract

27、ice.A)violationB)concessionC)offenceD)compromiseFromthestart,theplanwasdoomedtofailure,soallhiseffortwasinvain.A)expectedB)supposedC)condemnedD)promisedInfeudalsocietywherethereexistedarigidhierarchyofpower,thepoorhadnochanceofadvancementexceptthattheycouldpassmanydifferentlevelsofexaminations.A)cri

28、teriaB)layerC)degreeD)rankYoushouldnthavecriticizedhersoharshly.Youhavehurtherego.A)selfesteemB)selfimageC)imageD)esteem.PartIII.ReadingComprehension(20questions,40points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthemultiple-choicequestionsaftereachpassage.Passage1TooManySciencePh.D.s?Somethingisw

29、rongwhenalotofyoungscientists,afterachievingPh.D.s.arefeelinglikelosers.Itsagiventhatthejobmarketforsciencepositionsinacademeisbleak.Adoctorateissupposedtobeatickettoadreamjob,butmanyPh.D.sarentevenlandingtheirthirdorfourthchoices.Butwithreliablestatisticshardtocomeby,thescientificcommunityisatoddso

30、verwhetheritisproducingtoomanyPh.D.s.Somescientistsbelievethatdoctoralprogramsshouldbepracticingbirthcontrol,cuttingbackthenumberofgraduatestudentstheyadmit.Most.,however,saytheanswerliesinchangingdoctoraleducationwhichtheysayhasbeentoofocusedonproducinguniversityscientists.Itsreallydestructivetothe

31、professiontohavethesensethatPh.D.sarentvalued,saysRonaldBreslow,achemistatColumbiaUniversityandpresidentoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.Youngscientistsinthepost-ColdWareraarefacingtwomajordifficulties:manyhavehadtoworkinpostdoctoralortemporaryresearchpositionsforfouryearsorlonger,becausetheycantfindjob

32、s.Others,likeKathrynS.Jones,havefoundjobsbutcantfindfinancingfortheirresearch.Ms.Jones,aretrovirologist,gotanon-tenure-trackpositionasaresearchassistantprofessorattheUniversityofMarylandatBaltimore,butisabouttolosethejobbecauseshehasntlandedamajorgrant.IhaveaPh.D.,saysMs.Jones,whoearneditattheAlbert

33、EinsteinCollegeofMedicine,Ivegivenmydataatinternationalmeetings.Butbecauseofthesmallpercentageofsuccessinthisfield,Iwalkaroundfeelinglikeafailure.Bytheendofthismonth,thestart-upmoneythatMs.Jonesreceivedthreeyearsago,whenshewashiredbytheuniversityandtheVeteransAdministrationmedicalCenteronthecampus,w

34、illbegone.Shecankeepherlaboratoryandhertitlesforuptoayear,andcouldbebackinbusinessifshegetsagrant.Butshesnothopeful.Infact,shesthinkingaboutgettingcertifiedtoteachhigh-schoolbiology.IhavetowonderifIwanttobethelastratleavingasinkingship,|shesays.Areportpublishedlastspring,calledReshapingtheGraduateEd

35、ucationofScientistsandEngineershassparkedanationaldebateaboutdoctoraleducation.Writtenbyscholarsandpolicymakers,itwassponsoredbytheNationalAcademyofSciences,theNationalAcademyofEngineering,andtheInstituteofMedicine.Accordingtothereport,theproportionofscienceandengineeringPh.D.semployedbyacademefellt

36、o43percentin1991.themostrecentyearforwhichstatisticswereavailable,from5Ipercentin1977.The1993unemploymentratewasonly2percentforrecentPh.D.recipientsand1.6percentforallscientistsandengineers,itsaid.Thosefiguresseemlow,buttheyincludePh.D.sintemporaryorpost-doctoralpositions.Thereisanoversupplyofrecent

37、graduatesforresearchpositionsinacademiclaboratoriesandfederalandindustriallabs,saysPhillipA.Griffiths,directoroftheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,N.J.,andchairmanofthepanelthatwrotethereport.Beyondthat,itbecomesquiteabitmoremurky.Therecertainlyisanoversupplyofunmetexpectations.Sincethejobmarke

38、tvariesbyfield,thereportsaiditwouldbeunwisetosetacross-the-boardlimitsongraduateenrollment.Instead,itsuggestedbroadeningPh.D.programsforstudentswhoarentplanningstandardacademiccareers.Scientificsocietiesprovideamoreup-to-datepictureofthejob-market,anditisgrim.InDecember,theJointPolicyBoardforMathema

39、ticsannouncedanunemploymentrateof14.7percentforthe1,226Ph.D.sawardedinthefieldin19941995thehighestrateeverreported.Anadditional4.2percentofthePh.D.swereinpart-timejobs,andofthoseemployedinacademe,61percentwerenotinpositionseligiblefortenure.AnneC.Petersen,deputydirectoroftheNationalScienceFoundation

40、,acknowledgesthattheN.S.F.waslateinrecognizingthejob-marketwoes.Theanxietysomeyoungpeoplehaveisreallyobvious,|shesays.Foundationofficialsareuncertainwhatexactlyishappening,shesays,becauseofgapsinthedatacollectedonPh.Ds.ButtheN.S.F.iscommittedtoimprovingitsdatacollection,sothatbetterinformationonwher

41、ePh.D.sendupisavailable.Inthenextfewyears,shesays,thefoundationwillalsodirectmoneytonewmodelsofdoctoraleducation,otherthanthestandardonepresumingthataPh.D.willbecomeaprofessor.ThePh.D.shouldbeconstruedinoursocietymorelikethelawdegree,shesays.Alotofpeoplegotolawschoolwithnoplanstopracticelaw.ButMarkS

42、Wrighton,presidentofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louisandanotedchemist,believesthatthePh.D.experienceshouldcontinuetoberesearch-intensive.Hesaysmorefederalmoneyshouldbeputdirectlyintothehandsofgraduatestudents,allowingthemtoworkontheirownresearchideasandtomakethemselvesmoreremarkableandlessgiventotheres

43、earchprojectsofprofessorswhohiregraduatestudentsasresearchassistants.AfterachievingPh.Ds,alotofyoungscientistsarefeelinglikelosers,because.theyhavenofaithintheacademetheycanonlychoosefromthreeorfourpositionsitisverydifficultforthemtofindadesirablejobitisimpossibleforthemtocarryoutscientificworkAswea

44、llknow,thejobmarketforsciencepositioninacademeis.tightB)challengingC)smallD)exclusiveWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothearticle?A)Somescientistsbelievethattherearetoomanydoctoralprograms.B)ReliablestatisticssuggestthattherearenotenoughPh.Dsforsciencepositions.C)Mostscientistsarguethatdoctoraledu

45、cationshouldproducemorecompetentPh.Ds.D)ScholarshopethatthejobmarketwillbeopentomorePh.Ds.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexperienceofMs.Jones?Thestart-upmoneycanlastthreeyears.EveryPh.Dhasfinancialproblems.Postdoctoralpositionisagoodchoice.Grant,jobs,andtitleareinterrelated.InordertoreshapetheGraduateEducatio

46、nofScientistsandEngineers,whichofthefollowingsuggestionsismentioned?Tosetlimitsongraduateenrollmentinallfields.Todirectmoneytonewmodelsofdoctoraleducation.TobroadenPh.Dprogramsforstudentswhoaretobeprofessors.Tohiregraduatestudentsasresearchassistants.PassageTwoOurLove-HateAffairwithTechnologyTheente

47、rtainmentweenjoyisameasureofwhoweare.TworecentmovieslastsummersStarWarsandNovembersCloseEncountersoftheThirdKindsuggestthatAmericansarebothfascinatedwithandhorrifiedbythetechnologicalworldwehaveshaped.Neithermoviepretendstogreatseriousness.StarWarsisalightconfectionaboutanothergalaxyanderaandayoungm

48、annamedLukeSkywalkerwho,thankstoanimprobableseriesofcoincidences,isdrawnintoadeathbattleagainstthegalaxyswickedemperor.Enroutetovictory,heencountersafairprincessandwinsherheart,ifnotherhand.(Thisistheageofliberation.)CloseEncountersoftheThirdKindconcernsRoyNeary,anordinaryAmericanwhohasanencounterwi

49、thaUFOandbecomesobsessedwithhissearchforanexplanation.HismissionisimpededbythosewhodonotbelieveintheexistenceofUFOs;bythosewhowouldprefertowishtheperplexingUFOsoutofexistence;andbythoseinpowerwho,topreventpanic,denytheexistenceofUFOs.LukeSkywalkerandeveryadventurer-herosinceOdysseus,Nearyfindsanavai

50、lableprettygirltoaccompanyhimonhislonelymission.Inthelastframe,though,heachievesagoalmoreloftythanmarriagehestridesintoaUFOand,theultimateAmericanpioneer,fliesawaywiththestrangeVisitorstodestinationsunknown.FromthepopularityofStarWars,thelikelysuccessofCloseEncounters,andtheincreasingrespectabilityo

51、fthewholegenreofsciencefiction,itisclearthatourage,morethanitspredecessors,needswhateverconsolationorreassurancesciencefictionaffords.Ifallartistosomeextentescapist,onemightaskwhatitisthatweareescapingfrom.Ananswer,Ithink,ishiddeninthefilmsimagery.InStarWars,LukeSkywalkerekesoutalivingasamoisturefar

52、mer(whateverthatmaybe)inableakdesertontheremoteplanetofTatooine.Apparently,thereasonhelivesinsuchanunfruitfulplaceratherthaningalacticPalmSpringsisthatthereisnogalacticPalmSprings:Eviltechnologyhasreducedtheuniversetowindandsand.Ifthetechnocrats(技术专家治国论者)werenotsoviciousandself-serving,thelandwouldb

53、emorefruitful.LukesmissionistoreplacetheBadtechnocratswiththeGood,whichhedoes.InaclosingceremonydisturbinglyreminiscentofNurembergNazirallies,Lukeisrewardedwithamedal(andawink)bytheprincess,whorepresentsthenew,benevolentrulingclass.Similarly,inCloseEncounters,theworldinwhichRoyNearylivesiscorruptedb

54、ybadtechnology.DirectorStephenSpielbergfocuseshiscameracriticallyonallthemechanicalparaphernalia(器材)toytrains,hairdryers,TVswithwhichwesurroundourselves.ThewaytheVisitorsfromtheotherplanetmaketheirpresenceknownisbywreakinghavocontechnology;turningontoys,stereos.TVs,inthedeadofnight;turningoffthetele

55、phonesandtheelectricity;andbewilderingtheairtrafficscanners.ThevisionthatobsessesRoyNeary,though,isnotoneofaThoreauviancabininthewoods,whereeviltechnologymaynevertrespass,butratheroneofatechnologicallyperfectworld,whereallthecircuitsenhancemanshappiness.LikeNearyandSkywalke,Americansareperplexedbyth

56、efailureoftechnologytosupplyuswithameaningfullifeoradecentenvironmenttolivein.Foreverywonderfulachievement,technologyseemstodealusanequivalentkickintheshins.Travelhasbecomemoreefficientandlesscivilized.Televisionhashelpedtoraiseagenerationofunprecedentedlyeducatedsix-year-oldsandincreasinglyillitera

57、tehighschoolseniors.Wecanenjoycompletelyenclosedandcomfortableenvironmentshundredsoffeetabovethesidewalkuntil,aswitnesstheNewYorkCityblackoutlastsummer,someonepullstheplugandtheenvironmentsbecomeinaccessibleanduninhabitable.Onlythemostnaivebelievewecanescapeourincreasinglytechnologicalenvironment.Re

58、cognizingthatthetechnologizingtrendisirreversible,wefantasize,withSkywalkerandNeary,aboutaworldwhereallthemachinesworkwithus,ratherthanagainstus,wherethecomputerdoesnotobstinatelymis-bill,andwherejetsdisgorge(卸下)ourluggageintactatcorrectdestinations.Regrettably,asboththesefilmsimply,theperfecttechno

59、cracyisoneoverwhichordinarymortalscanexercisenoinfluence.Theenormityandcomplexityofthesystemprecludenonexpertinvolvement.Ouronlyoptionsinsuchaworldwouldbetoreplacethebadtechnocrats,asSkywalkerdoes,evadethem,asNearydoes,ortrustthatintheirloving-kindnesstheywillmakethemachinesproducewhatwedesire.Ourde

60、mocraticmethodsoftryingtocontrolourexplodingtechnologymaybelessthanperfect,buttheydoleavemansomeroominwhichtomanagehisdestiny.WhatisRoyNearysmission?Tofindaprettygirl.TolookforanexplanationaboutUFOs.Toflyawaytodestinationsunknown.TobeamemberoftheworldofUFOs.Whatcanwelearnfromtheincreasingpopularityo