系统工程管理

1、系统工程管理OutlineSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessSystem DefinitionHardwareSoftwareEquipmentFacilitiesTechnical DataPersonnelAn integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to a

2、ccomplish a single purpose or mission. (NSA/CSS)A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by elements alone. (NASA)A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime. (Northrop Grumman)CommandCont

3、rol &CommunicationsArchitectureSpace SystemSpaceMissionConceptSubjectSpaceSegment(P/L+S/C)Orbit andConstellationLaunchSegmentGroundSegmentMissionOperationsSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessWhat is the Systems Engineering ? (I)The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and .

4、What is the Systems Engineering ? (II)Systems engineering is the art and science of developing an operable system capable of meeting requirements within often opposed constraints.Systems engineering is a holistic, integrative discipline to produce a coherent whole that is not dominated by the perspe

5、ctive off a single discipline.Systems Engineering (Basic Concept)Mission(A Large Problem)#1#2#3#NTO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCEANOPTIMIZED SOLUTIONSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS(TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)Relationships between System Engineering and Project

6、 ControlSYSTEMS EMGINEERING Requirement Definition Requirement Definition Technical Solution Definition Product Realization Design Realization Evaluation Product Transition Technical Management Technical Planning Technical Control Technical Assessment Technical Decision Analysis Planning Risk Manage

7、ment Configuration Management Data Management Assessment Decision AnalysisPROJECT MANAGEMENTPROJECT CONTROLManagement PlanningIntegrated AssessmentSchedule ManagementCost Management Resource ManagementAcquisition managementProject Life-Cycle Phases (NASA)Pre-Phase A :Concept StudiesPhase A :Concept

8、& TechnologyDevelopmentPhase B :Preliminary Design & Technology Completion Phase C :Final Design & FabricationPhase D :System Assembly Integration & Test LaunchPhase E :Operation &SustainmentPhase F :CloseoutFeasible ConceptTop-Level ArchitectureFunctional BaselineAllocated BaselineProductBaselineAs

9、-DeployedBaselinePhase Configuration OutputFeasible SystemConcepts in the form of Simulations,Analysis, Study Reports, Models, and Mockups SystemConceptsDefinitionin the form of Simulations,Analysis, Engineering Models, Mockups,Trade StudyDefinition End Productsin the form of Mockups,Trade Study Res

10、ults,Specifications,Interface Documents, andPrototypesEnd ProductsDetailed Designs,End Product,ComponentFabrication,And SoftwareDevelopmentOperations-Ready System End ProductWith Supporting Related EnablingProductsProduct CloseoutDesired SystemSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engi

11、neering ProcessSystems Engineering EngineRequirements Flow Down From Level AboveRealized Products to Level AboveRequirements Flow Down to Level BelowRealized Products From Level AboveSYSTEM DESIGN PROCESSRequirements Definition Processes Stakeholder Expectations Definition2. Technical Requirements D

12、efinitionTechnical Solution Definition Processes3. Logical Decomposition4. Design Solution DefinitionTECHNICAL MANAGEMENT PROCESSTechnical Planning Processes10. Technical PlanningTechnical Control Processes11. Requirements Management12. Interface Management13. Technical Risk Management14. Configurat

13、ion Management15. Technical Data ManagementTechnical Assessment Processes16. Technical AssessmentTechnical Decision Analysis Processes17. Decision AnalysisProduction TransitionProcesses9. Product TransitionEvaluation Processes7. Product Verification8. Product ValidationDesign Realization Processes5.

14、 Product Implementation6. Product IntegrationPRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESSInterrelationships among the Systems Design ProcessesMission Objectives &ConstraintsMission AuthorityStakeholder ExpectationsOperationalObjectivesMission SuccessCriteriaHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional andLogicalDecompositionDes

15、ign andProduct BreakdownStructureConOpsHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional &PerformanceAnalysisSufficientDepthWork ?Safe & Reliable ?Affordable ?Select BaselineBaselineRequirements ?StartTrade Studies and Iterative Design LoopNoYesNoYesYesNoStakeholder Expectation DefinitionTechnical Requirement Defini

16、tionLogical DecompositionDesign Solution DefinitionDecision AnalysisPurpose of Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process The main purpose is to identify who the stakeholders are and how they intend to use the product.The early task is to understand the objectives of the mission.OperationalObjectiv

17、esSuccessCriteriaDesign DriversMission AuthorityMission ObjectivesAgency strategic plansAnnouncements of opportunityRoad maps Science Technology demonstration Technology development ProgrammaticOperation Driver Integration and test Transportation Science data distribution . What measurements ? How w

18、ell ? Operation duration Environment .Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process Initial CustomerExpectationsValidatedStakeholderExpectationsOther StakeholderExpectationsCustomerFlowdownRequirementsConcept of OperationsEnabling ProductSupportStrategiesMeasure of EffectivenessEstablish List of Stake

19、holdersElicit Stakeholders ExpectationsEstablish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesDefine Stakeholder Expectations in Acceptable StatementsAnalyze Expectation Statements For Measures of EffectivenessValidate That Defined Expectation Statements Reflect Bidirectional TraceabilityObtain Stakehol

20、der Commitments to the Validated Set of ExpectationsBaseline Stakeholder ExpectationsOperation ArchitectureTechnical Requirements Definition Process BaselinedStakeholderExpectationsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsBaselined ConceptOf OperationsMeasures of EffectivenessMeasures ofPerformanceTechnical Pe

21、rformanceMeasuresAnalyze Scope of ProblemDefine Design andProduct ConstraintsDefine Functional and Behavioral Expectation in Technical TermsDefine PerformanceRequirements for EachDefined Functional and Behavior ExpectationDefine TechnicalRequirements in Acceptable “Shall StatementsValidate Technical

22、RequirementsDefine Measure of Performance for Each Measure of EffectivenessEstablish TechnicalRequirements BaselineDefine TechnicalPerformance MeasuresBaselined Enabling SupportsStrategiesCharacteristics of Requirements Technical Requirements Allocation Hierarchically to PBSFunctional RequirementsPe

23、rformance RequirementsInterface RequirementsOperational Requirements Drive functional RequirementsMission Timeline SequenceMission ConfigurationsCommon and Telemetry StrategyReliability Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Mission Timeline Sequence Mission Configurations Common and T

24、elemetry StrategySafety Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Toxic Substances Pressurized Vessels Radio Frequency EnergySpecialty Requirements Project Standards Drive Product Design Producibility Maintainability Asset ProtectionFlowdown Requirements Mission ObjectivesMission Requirem

25、entsSystem Functional RequirementsCostScheduleConstraintsSystem Performance RequirementsEnvironmental and other Design RequirementsSubsystem ASubsystem BSubsystem CSubsystem DAllocated RequirementsDerivedRequirementsAllocated RequirementsAllocated RequirementsAssumptionNEEDSSYSTEMSUBSYSTEMLogical De

26、composition Process BaselinedTechnicalRequirementsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsMeasures of PerformanceLogical DecompositionmodelsLogical DecompositionWok ProductsDefine One or More Logical Decomposition modelsAllocate Technical Requirements to Logical Decomposition Models to FormA Set of Derived Te

27、chnical RequirementsResolve Derived TechnicalRequirements ConflictsValidate the Resulting Set of Derived Technical RequirementsEstablish the Derived Technical Requirements BaselineProduct Breakdown StructureSpacecraftSystemSystemStructureandMechanismThermalControlAttitudeDetermination& ControlReacti

28、onControlTelemetryTracking &Comm.EnergyPowerCommand &DataHandlingStructure ElementDeploy MechanismSolar PanelRadiatorHeat PipeHeaterMLI (multi-layer insulator) GyrosStar TrackerMomentum WheelsMagnetic TorquersControl ElectronicsThrusterTanksValves AntennasReceiversMultiplexersGPS ReceiverTWTAsSolar

29、ArraysBatteryRegulatorPower ControlOn Board ComputerSolid State RecorderRemote I/O UnitsSubsystemComponentTraveling-wave tubeFunctional Breakdown Block DiagramN2 ChartGABCDEFM M, SS M, E, SS M, E, SS M, E, SSM : Mechanical E : ElectricalSS : Supplied Services : InterfaceDesign Solution Definition Pr

30、ocess BaselinedLogical DecompositionmodelsSystemSpecifiedRequirementsBaselined DerivedTechnicalRequirementsSubsystem SpecificationProduct Verificationand ValidationPlanDefine Alternative Design SolutionAnalyze Each Alternative Design Solution Establish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesSelect

31、 Best Design Solution AlternativeGeneral Full Design Description of the Selected SolutionBaseline Design Solution Specified Requirements and Design DescriptionInitiate Development ofEnabling ProductsEnablingProduct ExistNeed lowerLevelProduct?NoNoYesYesInitiate Development ofNext lower level Product

32、sEnd Product-SpecifiedRequirementsEnablingProducts RequirementsSingle Mission OperationsSystem Level Trades and BaselineGROUNDMissionPAYLOADIR SensorSARVIS + NIRHSIORBITLow InclinationSun-Synchh=564 kmh=891 kmi=97.650i=98.990ExistingTT&CTDRSReceiving StationNewNCUUpgrade RGSCOM ARCHImaging DataX-Ban

33、dS-BandTT&CX-BandS-BandScience DataX-BandS-BandMISSION OPSMuti-Mission OperationsS/C STABILIZ.Three- axisSpin(or Dual Spin)Gravity GradientLAUNCHERAthena IITaurus-XLRocketAthena IXXXXXX: Baseline : AlternativesRequirements Verification MatrixRequirements NoDocumentParagraphShall StatementSuccess Cri

34、teriaMethodPhaseResultsP-1xxxCapability: Support UplinkedData (LDR)System XShall Providea Max.Ground-to-StationUplink ofSystem X Locks to forward Link at the Min and Max Data RateTolerancesTest5Report xxxProduct RealizationDesign RealizationEvaluation ProcessesProduct TransitionProcessProduct

35、 ImplementationProduct IntegrationProduct VerificationProduct Validation Assembly Functional Evaluation Acquire Make/Code Reuse Functional Environmental Operational Testing in Integration & Test Environment Operational Testing in Mission Environment Product TransitionDelivery to Next Higher Level in

36、 PBSDelivery to Operational SystemProduct Implementation Process Required RawMaterialsConfiguration Documentation Subsystem SpecificationProductImplementationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct ImplementationIf Implementation by Buying :Participate in Purchase of Specified end ProductMake the Specified

37、End ProductDesired EndProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct If Implementation by Making :Evaluate ReadinessOf Product ImplementationEnabling ProductsIf Implementation by Reuse :Participate in Acquiring the ReuseEnd ProductPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare Ap

38、propriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Implementation Work ProductsProduct Integration Process Lower LevelProducts to beIntegratedConfiguration Documentation Product Documentsand ManualsProductIntegrationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product integrationAssemble and Integrate the Re

39、ceived Products into the Desired End ProductsDesiredProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Integration Work ProductsObtain Lower Level Products for Assembly and Integra

40、tionConfirm That Received Products Have Been ValidatedPrepare the Integration Environment for Assembly and IntegrationSpacecraft ConfigurationBatteryThermal DoublerTMI WallOBMUIPUsSSRRwheels(x4)MTQs (x3)DRUGPS RcvrsTRSPsPropulsion ModuleMAGs(x2)Ombilical IFW/ launcherS-Band antenna (x2)GPS antenna(x

41、2)BASS & radiatorSolar SideSolar Array ConnectorFixed panelProduct Verification Process End Product To Be VerifiedProduct VerificationPlan Product VerificationResultsProductVerificationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product VerificationAnalyze the Outcomes of the product VerificationVerified EndPro

42、ductSpecified RequirementsBaseline EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare a Product Verification ReportCapture Work Products from Products VerificationPerform the Product VerificationProductVerificationReportRequirement Allocation, Integration, and Verification Proc

43、essMission/SystemRequirementsSystemSegmentRequirementsSubsystemRequirementsUnitRequirementsTest UnitsTestSubsystemsTest SystemSegmentsTest SystemVerificationAllocationIntegrationDesign and Build UnitsTypes of Verification Analysis The use of mathematical modeling and analytical techniques to predict

44、 the suitability of a design. DemonstrationShowing that the use of an product achieves the individual specified requirement. InspectionThe visual examination of a realized end product. Test The use of an end product to obtain detailed data needed to verify performance, or provide sufficient information to verify performance through further analysis.Products Forms of VerificationSimulated (algorithmic models, virtual reality simulator).Mockup (plywood, brass board, breadboard)Concept description (paper report); Prototype (product with partial functionali