2020-2021学年八年级英语上册第十单元语法知识素材新版人教新目标版

1、语法单词if引导的条件状语从句. if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。假设 if条件句放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。If you go there, r 11 go, too.如果你去那儿，我也会去。My mother will take me to the park if she is free.如果我妈妈有空，她就会带我去公园。.时态运用：在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句为以下情形之一的，条件状语从句 通常用一般现在时。(1)主句是一般将来时，即遵循“主将从现”的原那么。If he comes, he will bring hi

2、s violin.如果他来，就会带上他的小提琴。(2)主句是含有情态动词的句子，如may/might/can/must/should在含有if引导的条件 状语从句的主从复合句中，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时，即遵循“主情从现”的原那么。 If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread.You can get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习，你可以取得好成绩。If you drive too fast, you may have an accident.如果你超速驾驶，就可能会出交通事故。如果你想

3、减肥，就必须少吃面包。(3)主句是祈使句。If you are not strong enough, please don，t take part in such an activity.如果你不是很健壮，请不要参加这种活动。.句型转换：(1)借助“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(一般将来时)”这一句型来转换。其中，在句意上and 表示顺承；or表示转折，意为“否那么”。If you work hard, you11 pass the exam easily.Work hard, and you 11 pass the exam easily.努力学习，你将很容易通过考试。(2)借助withou

4、t或with来转换条件状语从句。If there is no air or water, people can，t live.=People can，t live without air or water.如果没有空气和水，人们将无法生存。If you help me, I 11 finish the work soon.二With your help, I11 finish the work soon. 如果你帮助我，我将很快完成工作。连词 unless 的用法例句：But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a

5、man.语法讲解：unless用作连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，假设主句为一般将来时、 祈使句或谓语中含有情态动词时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：The milk will go bad quickly in summer unless you put it in a fridge.除非你把牛奶放在冰箱里，否那么在夏天它很快就会变质。Dont touch the instruments unless the teacher allows you.除非老师允许，不要乱动仪器。We can，t understand the disease unless we first un

6、derstand the person who has the disease.除非我们先了解患这种疾病的人，否那么我们将无法了解这个疾病。unless可与if. . . not引导的条件状语从句进行相互转换。I will go there unless it rains. =1 will go there if it doesn，t rain.如果不下雨，我就去那儿。情态动词should的用法1. should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来 表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求和义务等。should用于表达义务或责任，意为“应该”。As students, w

7、e should follow the school rules.作为学生，我们应该遵守学校的规章制度。should用于表达建议或劝告,意为“应该”。You should give up smoking.你应该戒烟。should用于表达推断，意为“可能，应该”。They should be there by now, I think.我想他们现在应该到了。should用于表达要求或命令。You shouldn，t talk loudly in class.你不许在课堂上大声讲话。should用于表达意外或惊讶,意为“竟然”。I am surprised that he should say s

8、o.他竟然这样说，这使我很惊讶。2.基本句式肯定句Sb. should +动词原形+其他.Maybe he should say sorry.也许他应该说对不起。否认句Sb shouldnt +动词原形+其他.You shouldnl smoke in the hospital.你不应该在医院里吸烟。一般疑问句Should sb.+动词原形+其他？Should you come here tonight?今晚你应该来这里吗？动词不定式作宾语，作宾语补足语,状语，表语动词不定式的肯定形式是“to+动词原形，否认形式为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。句

9、法功能：.作宾语：ask/wish/hope/want/expect/need/help/learn/promise/agree/ prepare + to do sth.如：She promised to come.Tom needs to buy some bananas.作宾语补足语：ask/tel 1/want/advise/allow/invite/warn + pron. /n.+ to do sth.如：He asked me to open the door.The doctor advises him to rest.The teacher helped students t

10、o solve some problems.注意：以下两类动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语要省略to。(1)使役动词：make/let/have如： Dont make her think about it.(2)感官动词：see/notice/watch/observe/hear/feel如：I often see the old woman walk her dog in the park.不定式 作耳语不定式可在以下动词后作宾语。【速记口诀】三个希望两容许，hope, wish, want, agree promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand ask, refuse设法学会做决定man

11、age team, deade不要假装在选择，pretend, chooseHe wants to swim.Peter refuses to accept the offerThe school has deaded to open the playground to the public1 choose to watch TV不定式 作状语1放在句苜或句尾作目的状语。注意为了强调目的状语,可以用in order to doHe went to the shop to buy some pens.Mom opened the window in order to let some fresh

12、 air in2跟在形容词或过去分词后作状语表 示原因rm glad to see you.rm sorry to hear that.不定式 作室补1作动词ask/ike. tell等的宾语补足 语时，to不可省略.He asked me to dean up the aty park2使役动词make, let have等及感官 动词 hear, see, watch, feel 等用不定 式作宾补时要省略to.The teacher let him do the homework3作动词help的宾语补足语,不定式 to可带可不带.Could you help me (to) carry

13、 the bag?动词不定式在句中可以作表语，动词不定式作表语通常表示将要做的行为或一次性的行为。例如:My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是成为一名老师。His wish is to be a词Advice/advise1. advice n. 意见 advice为不可数名词， This is a good piecepoliceman.他的愿望是成为一名警察。,建议；忠告，劝告常用piece这样的量词来修饰。of advice.这是一个好的建议。advice on/about sth. /doing sth.关于的建议/意见I need some advice

14、about my computer.我需要一点有关我的电脑的意见。on sb s advice听从某人的建议On her doctors advice, Mrs. Smith decided to take early retirement.Mrs. Smith听从她医生的建议，决定提前退休。常用词组搭配：give sb. some advice给某人一些建议get some advice 获取建议ask sbs advice 征求某人的建议take/follow/accept sb s advice 采纳/听从某人的意见go/turn to sb. for advice 向某人求教2. ad

15、vise v. 劝告，忠告；建议advise (sb.) on sth.或 advise (sb.) about (doing) sth.关于给某人忠告/建议；(向)提供(专业的)建议We employed an expert to advise on new technology.我们聘用了一位专家担任新技术顾问。advise (sb.) against (doing) sth.劝告/建议不做(防止)某事I d advise you against saying anything to the press.我建议你对新闻界保持沉默。advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

16、Evans advised him to leave London.Evans劝他离开伦敦。advise+that从句表示“建议”that从句中的谓语动词用(should) do的形式。They advise that you (should) carry your passport at all times.他们建议你要随身带着护照。Understand/understandingunderstand v. (不用于进行时).懂得；理解；明白She doesn, t understand English.她不懂英语。I am sorry, I don t understand. Can yo

17、u explain that again?对不起，我不明白。你能再解释一下吗？make oneself understood清楚表达自己的意思；被别人理解I m not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.我德语不是太好，不过我能说清楚自己的意思。.（尤指通过学习或经历）了解，知道Doctors still dont understand much about the disease.医生对这种疾病还了解不多。understand how/why/where 等+句子I could never understand why

18、 she was fired.我怎么也不明白她为何被解雇。.理解；谅解；体谅If you tell him how you feel, I m sure he 11 understand.如果你告诉他你的感受，我相信他会理解的。understanding n. & adj.（不可数名词）理解；领悟；了解；认识 understanding of sth.对的了解The committee has little or no understanding of the problem.委员会对这个问题了解不多或根本不了解。.（可数名词，常用单数形式）（非正式的）协议 come to/reach an

19、understanding 达成协议We finally came to an understanding about how many hours we would work. 我们最终就工作时长问题达成协议。.（不可数名词）理解；谅解；体谅We are looking for a better understanding between the two nations. 我们正在力求增进两国间的理解。.（形容词）善解人意的；体谅人的 Luckily, I have a very understanding boss. 幸运的是，我有一位非常善解人意的老板。experienceexperie

20、nce n. & v.经验；经历；体验；感受到experience （不可数名词）经验；阅历experience in/of.表示在某方面有经验/有某方面的经验I had some experience in fashion design.我有一些时装设计方面的经验。gain/get experience 获得经验in one s experience know/learn/speak from experience （可数名词） Failing an exam was ain one s experience know/learn/speak from experience （可数名词） F

21、ailing an exam was a根据某人的经验experience 从经验中得知/习得/据经验而谈经历new experience for me.考试不及格对我来说还是第一次。experience v.经历；经受；感受；体会Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives. 每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。I experienced a moment of panic as I boarded the plane.我上飞机时曾一度感到恐慌。experienced adj.有经验的；有阅历的；有见识的；

22、老练的Hes very experienced in looking after animals.他照顾动物很有经验。keep v.保持；处于；保存；继续keep作系动词，意为“(使)保持，(使)处于，常用keep (sb. /sth. ) + adj.We huddled around the fire to keep warm.我们挤在火堆边取暖。Please keep your room tidy.请保持房间整洁。keep away (from sb. /sth.) 远离; 勿靠近Keep away from the edge of the cliff.切莫靠近悬崖边。keep (sb.

23、 /sth.) back/off/out 使远离；不接近The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back.警方设置了障碍物来挡住人群。keep (on) doing sth.保持一直做某事I keep telling you, but you won t listen.我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听。keep (sb. /sth) from (doing) sth.不让某人做某事；不让某事发生You must keep the little boy from hurting himself.你一定要提防那小男孩伤了自己。keep sb. waiting 让某人一直等候keep. to oneself 对保密;绝口不提Youd better keep your salary to yourself.你最好保密自己的工资。注意：此用法经常和下面的表达互换。keep one s word/promise 遵守诺言keep a secret 保守秘密careful/careless adj.careful a