主动语态变被动语态

1、主动语态变被动语态“主谓宾”句型先将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，然后将主动语态中的谓语动词变为被动语态的形式，最后在谓语动词后加by，再将主动语态中的主语置于by之后。如：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.-ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers.-Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager.有时变为被动语态后by可以省略。如：Ipostedthatletterlastnight.-Theletterwaspostedlastnight.如

2、果宾语是that从句，变为被动结构时可以用it做被动句的形式主语。如：Theyknowthatheisanexpert.-Itisknownthatheisanexpert被动结构中的by短语有时表示方式或原因。如：Apolicemanisknownbytheclotheshewears.警察可以通过他穿的衣服认出来。“主谓宾宾”句型(双宾语句型)只将主动语态中的一个宾语变为被动结构中主语，另一个宾语不变，不变的宾语叫做保留宾语。如果是将间接宾语作为保留宾语，则它之前要加介词to或for。如：Hetoldheralongstory.-Shewastoldalongstory.-alongsto

3、rywastoldtoher.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.-Iwasboughtanewcoat.-Anewcoatwasboughtforme.一般是将指人的宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如：Theteacheraskedthestudentsaveryunusualquestion.-Thestudentswereaskedaveryunusualquestion.备忘：直接宾语为动作的承受者，而间接宾语是对直接宾语的修饰。“主谓复合宾语”句型所谓复合宾语就是含有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，它变为被动结构时只把主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而宾语补足语不变。如：They

4、chooseTomcaptain.-Tomwaschosencaptain.Theyrecognisedhimasagenius.-Hewasrecognisedasagenius.Weaskedtheteachertoexplainthedifficultsentencesagain.Theteacherwasaskedtoexplainthedifficultsentencesagain.在以下情况下，主动语态不能变为被动语态谓语是leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等及物动词。谓语是不可拆的动词短语，如takeplace,loseheart,belong

5、to等。宾语是反身代词，相互代词，不定式，动名词。被动语态与系表结构的比较所谓系表结构，是指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”构成的结构。1)被动语态中的分词是动词，表动作。系表结构中的分词相当于形容词，表状态。如：Thecompositionwaswrittenwithgreatcare.这篇文章写得很认真。(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.这篇文章是写得很好的。Thisfoodissoldquickly.Thisfoodissoldout.2)系表结构只用于一般现在时和过去时，不用于进行时，将来时和完成时。而被动语态可用与任何时态。如：Ihavebeendri

6、ventoit.Theflowerswillbeplantednextweek.重点词语和短语1)of和among当of表示“在.之中”时，一般有两种情况：A当句子的主语是代词all,none,some,several和具体数字one,two等。B用于比较级或最高级的句子中。如：Ofthe60customswhowerefrisked,onlyeightwerenotcarryingitems.在60名被搜了身的顾客中，只有8人身上没有藏东西。Ofalljeffersonsmanytalents,oneiscentralhewasagoodandtirelesswriter.在Jefferso

7、n众多的才能中，有一个是最主要的他是一位出色的，不知疲倦的作家。Ofallanimalsthehorseisthemostuseful.Whichistheshorterofthetworosds?among是指在一群人或一堆东西之中。如：Thebookwasfoundamongtheoldnewspaper.Amongtheuniversities,OxfordandCambridgeholdadominantposition.在所有的大学中，牛津和剑桥占有统治地位。2)cometo苏醒，醒悟(不及物动词短语)例：Shefaintedinthestoreandfoundherselfinth

8、efirstaidroomwhenshecameto她昏倒在商店里，醒来后发现自己已经躺在了急救室里。Whenwillhecometoaftertheoperation?bring.to使某人苏醒(及物动词短语)Peterfainted,butwewereabletobringhimtotenminuteslater.Peter昏了过去，但10分钟之后我们使他醒了过来。Peterfainted,buthecametotenminuteslater.Verb+宾语+intodoing一般表示一种结果它的被动式为：be+done+intodoing用于以上这种结构的动词有：forcepersuad

9、etalkshocktemptfrightendeceive例：ThebeastlybehaviourofthepolicemanfrightenedlittleTomintocrying.那名警察野兽般的行为把小汤姆吓哭了。Samssonstriedtotalkhimintoretiringatseventy.Sam的儿子试图劝说他70岁退休。Hepersuadedmeintogivinguptheplan.他说服了我放弃这个计划。Ithinkthesedisplaysinshopsonlytemptpeopleintostealing.我认为商店里的陈列品只会引诱别人去偷。Noone,No

10、neof和Notoneofnoone的意思和nobody一样没有人例：Noonewishedmeahappybirthday.Istayedinalleveningwaiting,butnoonecame.我在呆在家等了一晚上，可是没有人来。Noneof和Notoneof都强调“没有一个”语气比noone要强例：Noneofmyfriendswishedmeahappybirthday.我的朋友中没有一个祝我生日快乐。Notoneofmyshirtsisclean.我的衬衣没有一件是干净的。SightPhrasesatfirstsight第一次看见，乍一看例：Theyfellinlovewit

11、heachotheratfirstsight.他们一见钟情。atthesightof当见到(=onseeing)例：Atthesightofthepoliceofficer,themanranoff.那个人一见到警察就逃之夭夭了。Shealwaysfaintsatthesightofblood.她见到血就会晕倒。catchsightof发现（=find）例：Icaughtsightofherasshecameroundthecorner.当她拐弯的时候，我就发现了她。keepsightof注视着（=watch）例：Hekeptsightofherasshewalkedalongthestree

12、t.她在街上走的时候，他一直注视着她。comeintosight出现，进入视野例：Iwaitedawholehouratthebusstopbeforeabuscameintosight.我在车站等了一个小时，公共汽车才出现。outofsight在视野之外例：Keepthedocumentsoutofhissight.别让他看到这些文件。WordBuilding-ous形容词后缀，加于名词词尾。这些名词一般以er,-age,-ry等结尾dangerdangerousadvantageadvantageousmysterymysteriousglorygloriousfamefamous名词ed

13、-ed加于名词词尾，变成其形容词形式特指有的”表示一种状态colorcolored有色的privilegeprivileged有特权的moneymoneyed有钱的beardbearded有胡须的wingwinged有翅膀的skillskilled有技术的,熟练的ageaged上年纪的口语练习text1）W:jim,Letsstartmakingplansforourvacation.M:ButMary,IdontgetmyvacationuntilJuly.Thatsnotforsixmonths.W:Andsixmonthsisnotaverylongtime.Beforeyouknowi

14、t,Julywillbehereandwewontbeprepared.Q:Whendosetheconversationtakeplace?(text2)M:DoyouhaveyourChristmasshoppingdoneyet?W:Almost,Igotawatchformyhusband,andIcantseemtofindanythingformydad,Hewouldprobablylikeanewtieoracaseforhisbooks.Q:WhatdidthewomanbuyforherhusbandasaChristmasgift?(text3)W:HelloMr.jon

15、es.ThisisBetty.MayIspeaktomyhusband?M:Johnisinthelabnow,Andthenheisgoingtoeatlunch,Illtellhimtocallyouathome.Q:WhereisMr.John?(text4)W:Imoutofdrawingpaper.Willyoulendmesome?M:Idonthaveanyeither,butImgoingtothebookstore.Illgetyousome.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?(text5)M:Itsbeenrainingforthepastfewweeks,b

16、uttodayisaniceday.Whataboutgoingtothebeach?W:ItsprobablybetterthatIdontgo.ItsverysunnyandIburneasily.M:Really?Illgotherewithsomeotherfriends.Q:Whatdosethemanmean?(text6)M:WillyoubegoinghomeforChristmasthisyear,Susan?W:Iwantto,butIdontknowifIllhaveenoughmoneybythen.M:YouliveinLosAngeles,dontyou?W:Thatsright.Andtheplaneticketisveryexpensive.M:Whydontyougobytrain?Itwouldbecheaperthantheplane.W:Yes,butIdontliketrainverymuch.M:Howaboutthebu