2022年新教材高中英语Unit3SeaExplorationSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性必修第四册

1、内容索引走近新课 一起感知语法探究 一起思考随堂练习走近新课 一起感知语法感知指出画线部分所做的句子成分1.My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.2.Actually,I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world.3.My aim is to do well in every subject this term.4.Be quiet,please!I have something important to say.5.It alwa

2、ys makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.6.To achieve all I want,I must use my time well.宾语补足语宾语表语定语主语状语语法探究 一起思考词汇讲解1.When the journey ended,Zacs adventure received widespread media coverage.(Page 28)当旅行结束时,扎克的探险受到了媒体的广泛报道。coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围 You can see live coverage of E

3、nglands game against France.你可以看到英格兰和法国队比赛的现场报道。Their coverage of the accident was criticised for ignoring its causes.他们对那起事故的报道因忽略了其起因而受到了批评。【合作探究】 读一读细观察阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的词性、词组和含义The course offers good coverage of the subject.词性 名词含义 覆盖范围The ground was covered with snow.词性 动词含义 覆盖词组 be covered with含

4、义 被覆盖 Her new book covers the period from 1870 to 1919.词性 动词含义 涉及;包括We will be covering the game live on Saturday afternoon.词性 动词含义 报道We need $100 a month to cover the rent.词性 动词含义 支付We had to cover the last three miles on foot.词性 动词含义 行走(一段路程)记一记长知识coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围cover vt.覆盖;涉及;包括;报道;支付;行走(一段路

5、程)be covered with.被覆盖【即学即用】 单句语法填空Later he found the hole (cover) with some leaves.They gave the story (cover) in the evening news.coveredcoverage写出下列句中cover的含义Much of the country is covered by forest.The survey covers all aspects of the business.Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.The

6、y walked for a long time and covered a good deal of ground. She was covering the partys annual conference then.覆盖涉及支付行走(一段路程)报道2.The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(Page 29)人们站起来为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌vt.称赞;赞赏We applaud the decision to go ahead

7、with the new building.我们赞成开始建造新大楼的决定。When the scientist walked into the hall,they all stood to applaud.当那位科学家进入大厅时,他们都站起来鼓掌。【合作探究】 读一读细观察阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的词性、词组和含义I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.词组 applaud sb for.含义 因为赞赏某人Lets have a round of applause for our speakers today.词性 名词含义 鼓掌;掌

8、声【即学即用】 单句语法填空The fans all stood up,(applaud) the singer for her sweet voice.Lets give the children a big round of (applaud).applaudingapplause完成句子他为改变状况所做的努力应该受到赞许。His efforts to improve the situation are .他开始鼓掌,其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。He and the others joined in.to be applaudedstarted to applaud语法讲解知识脉络 语法精讲动词

9、不定式的形式和功能动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,它没有人称和数的变化,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等,但不能做谓语。一、结构基本结构:to+动词原形,有时动词不定式符号to可以省略。否定形式:not to+动词原形。二、用法1.做主语动词不定式做主语时,表示具体的行为或将来的行为。谓语动词用单数。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。为了避免头重脚轻,常用it做形式主语放在句首,做主语的动词不定式常置于句

10、末。It would be better for you to go there.你还是去那儿好。温馨提示若要说明动词不定式表示的动作的发出者的话,要在动词不定式前加for引导的短语,构成“for+名词(或代词的宾格)+动词不定式”短语,这一短语被称为动词不定式的复合结构。在“It is+adj.+动词不定式复合结构”句型中,当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时,要由of引出逻辑主语,不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever,foolish,kind,nice,polite,silly,stupid,wise等。Its easy for him to work out this mat

11、hs problem.对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。It was careless of him to make such a mistake.=He was careless to make such a mistake.出了这样的错误,他太粗心了。【即学即用】 完成句子人们为钱而结婚是错误的。 It would be wrong of people .每天早上读英语对我们来说是必要的。It is necessary for us .to marry for moneyto read English every morning做这样的事是违反我的原则的。It is against my pr

12、inciples.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。in one day is impossible.建造这个博物馆需要一百万美元。requires one million dollars.to do such a thingTo finish this jobTo build this museum2.做表语动词不定式在系动词后做表语,往往说明主语的具体内容,且含有将来意义。What he wants to do is to teach the naughty boy a lesson.他想做的是给这个调皮男孩一个教训。His wish is to become a famous jour

13、nalist when he grows up.他的愿望是长大后成为一名著名记者。【即学即用】 翻译句子The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.答案:下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。 答案:教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。 答案:如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须

14、把话都说出来。 What am I to say if they ask me the question?You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.答案:要是他们问我这个问题,我该怎么回答呢? 答案:想要成功,你就必须有耐心,有毅力。 3.做宾语(1)直接做及物动词的宾语 通常跟动词不定式做宾语的动词有:afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,attempt,choose,claim,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hope,lea

15、rn,long,manage,neglect,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,swear,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,vow,want,wish等。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。He has promised to help me with my English.他已经答应帮我学英语了。(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”,动词不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how,whether

16、等疑问词。Please show us how to deal with that problem.请告诉我们如何应对那个问题。I dont know which one to choose.我不知道选哪一个。(3)常用句型“主语+v.+it+adj./n.+to do sth”。其中,it为形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有:believe,consider,feel,find,make,suppose,think等。I think it very useful to learn a foreign language.我认为学门外语很有用。【即学即用】 翻译句子她渴望返

17、回家乡。我发现很难和他一起工作。我不知道怎样处理这样的事情。答案:She longed to go back to her hometown. 答案:I find it difficult to work with him. 答案:I dont know how to deal with such a thing. 最后他设法完成了那个艰难的任务。他的父母没有钱送他去更好的学校。 答案:His parents cant afford to send him to a better school. 答案:At last he managed to finish the difficult tas

18、k. 4.做定语 (1)动词不定式做定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 Attention,please.I have something important to say.请注意,我有重要的事情要说。Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.他每天叫一个较小的动物给他带来一些吃的东西。 (2)如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词。Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。(3)当中心词为序数词,最高级,the last,the

19、 only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式做定语。She is hard-working and is always the first one to come every day.她很勤奋,每天总是第一个来。He is the only person to know the truth.他是唯一了解真相的人。【即学即用】 单句语法填空The last person (arrive) will pay for the meal.Do you have something (tell) us about the loss?He is the right person (finish) the

20、 work on time.Id like to,but I have some emails (answer) tonight.He is poor and has no money (buy)his parents a house to live in.to arriveto tellto finishto answerto buy5.做状语 (1)表示目的 She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。To keep up with others,he has been working ver

21、y hard.为了赶上别人,他一直在努力学习。温馨提示做目的状语的动词不定式前,常加上in order或so as,但so as不能位于句首。She asked me to drive her to the airport in order/so as to catch the 5:00 plane.为了赶上5点的飞机她让我开车把她送到机场。(2)表示结果 动词不定式做状语表示结果时常用如下结构:so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此以至于such+形容词+名词+as to do 如此以至于enough+名词+to do 足够去做名词/形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够去做too

22、+形容词/副词+to do 太以致不能He is not so stupid (such a fool) as to do that.他还没有蠢到做那种事。The rescue ship arrived too late to save more people.救援船来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。 温馨提示动词不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外的结果。He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。(3)表示原因动词不定式做原因状语,常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后

23、。Im sorry to hear your grandma is ill.听到你奶奶生病我很遗憾。(4)“be+性质形容词+动词不定式”结构在“be+性质形容词+动词不定式”结构中,常见的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,light,good,fit,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible等。The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不容易携带。温馨提示在此句型中,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。【即学即用】 单句语法填空The woman got up ear

24、ly (get) a seat in the market.The man is careful enough (deal) with such a situation.Im more than happy (tell) you something about my journey.In fact,the text is hard (understand) for such children.to getto dealto tellto understand6.做宾语补足语(1)动词不定式常跟在下列动词之后做宾语补足语:ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,command,en

25、able,encourage,expect,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,warn等。My friend invited me to see a good film yesterday.昨天我的朋友邀请我去看了一部好电影。Who taught you to play the music?谁教你弹这支曲子的?(2)在使役动词 let,have,make或感官动词(词组)see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,fe

26、el等后做宾语补足语时,通常省略to。get除外(get sb to do sth)。The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。温馨提示上述动词变为被动语态时动词不定式符号to不能省略。The children were seen to run down the street.有人看到孩子们沿着这条街跑了。【即学即用】 翻译句子她要我在她不在的时候接电话。什么使她辍学的?记得通知你的同学们出席会议。答案:She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 答案:What cau

27、sed her to give up her studies? 答案:Remember to inform your classmates to attend the meeting. 他注意到一个年轻女孩走进了银行。最后他被迫放弃了自己的设计。 答案:He noticed a young girl enter the bank. 答案:In the end he was forced to give up his own design. 动词不定式的时态和语态1.动词不定式的时态有三种:一般时(to do)、进行时(to be doing)、完成时(to have done)。Id like

28、 to,but I have something more important to do tonight.我很愿意,但是今晚我有更重要的事情要做。When I entered the room,she seemed to be reading a book.当我进屋时,她好像是在读书。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你们等那么久。2.当句子中的动词不定式与其所关联的名词有被动关系时,动词不定式用被动语态。Can you tell me which window is to be repaired?你能告诉我哪个窗户需要修理吗?The

29、 meeting to be held tomorrow is about education.明天要开的会议是关于教育的。【即学即用】 单句语法填空It seemed that he had something (tell) us.When I walked past,he pretended (observe) the flower.Im glad (get) such a good chance.The building (construct) next year is for old professors.I hear that the youngest employee is (qu

30、estion) soon by the manager.to tellto be observingto have gotto be constructedto be随堂练习一、选词填空1.John was made (washing/to wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.答案:to wash2.We agreed (meeting/to meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.答案:to meet3.The question asked by the teacher is very difficult (answering/to answer).答