加拿大奶牛肉牛营养性肌肉萎缩症(VE-Se缺乏症)

1、营养性肌肉萎缩症（VESe缺乏症）Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy (Vitamin E Selenium Deficiency)Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. 傅小平病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis用在缺硒土壤上生长的饲料饲喂动物造成缺硒Selenium deficiency occurs in animals fed diets grown on soil deficient in Selenium土壤中低于0.5ppm被认为缺硒，而饲料中标准为0.1ppm Soils with

2、 less then 0.5 ppm of Se are classified as deficient and feedstuffs with less then 0.1 ppm are classified as deficient缺硒土壤分布于世界各地（土壤尤其起源于火岩或浮石）Soils deficient in Selenium (Se) occur worldwide (especially those derived from igneous or pumice rock)碱性土壤增加植物吸收硒，高硫磺性土壤则抑制吸收Soil alkalinity enhances plant

3、uptake of Se but high sulfur inhibits uptake of SeVE和硒起抗氧化集作用，保护机体免受自由基危害Vitamin E and Selenium act as anti oxidants protecting the body from free radicals临床症状主要表现为骨骼肌肉受损，其它器官也会出现The clinical effects are manifested primarily in skeletal muscles but also occur in most other organs危险因素Risk Factors因运动、

4、气候、饲料中霉菌、运输应激等表现临床缺硒状态Deficient states may become clinical with exercise, stress of transport or weather and myopathic agents in the feed2-6周快速生长期犊牛Rapidly growing calves 2 weeks to 6 months of age稻草中VE含量低、高不饱和脂肪酸日粮（鱼粉、亚麻油、玉米、豆油）Vitamin E levels are low in straw and rations high in unsaturated fatty

5、 acids (fish meal, linseed oil, corn & soybean oil)临床症状Clinical Findings急性肌肉萎缩症Acute muscular dystrophy无病症就突然死亡Sudden death without prior illness常于大量运动有关Often associated with vigorous exercise呼吸困难、肺水肿、高脉搏、心音异常Dyspnea, pulmonary edema, high heart rate and abnormal heart sounds6-12小时内死亡Death in 6-12 h

6、ours亚急性肌肉萎缩症白肌病Sub-acute muscular dystrophy White Muscle Disease敏感、警觉、有反应但以胸骨着地Bright, alert & responsive but in sternal recumbency试图站立、若可能，非常僵硬May attempt to stand and if able, very stiff 肌肉战颤、摇晃、倒地Muscle tremors and shaking then collapse2-3天内治疗有效Respond to treatment in 2 to 3 days亚临床Sub-clinical有时

7、会发现临床病例Often also see clinical disease in some生产性能低、生长慢Lower production and growth rate犊牛长期腹泻Chronic diarrhea in calves胎衣不下增加Increased retained placenta诊断Diagnosis无添加史、临床症状、肌氨酸磷酸激酶(CPK) 高、死后剖解History of no supplementation, clinical signs, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and post mortem鉴别诊断Diff

8、erential Diagnosis急性Acute肺炎Pneumonia败血症Septicemia亚急性Sub-acute脊髓压迫症Spinal cord compression外伤性损伤Traumatic injury多处关节炎Poly-arthritis脑膜脑炎Meningoencephalitis 实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology肌氨酸磷酸激酶(CPK) 高 1000 IU/l(正常为60-250 IU/l) Elevated creatine phosphokinase 1000 IU/l (normal 60-250 IU/l)天冬氨酸转移酶高AST

9、/SGOT(正常为40-140 IU/l)Elevated Asparate aminotransferase AST/SGOT (normal 40-140 IU/l)死体解剖Post-mortem 白肌线状、均匀对称水肿、易脆、钙化Pale muscles linear and symmetrical edema, friable & calcification可能会影响心肌钙化May also affect myocardium - calcification治疗Treatment注射VE和硒联合剂每45公斤注射6毫克硒和300IU 维生素E Injection of a combina

10、tion of Vitamin E & Selenium 6 mg Se & 300 IU of Vitamin E/45 kg预后情况Prognosis亚急性不良 Acute poor急性2-5天Sub-acute-Usually respond in 2 to 5 days预防Prevention & Control临床病例明显、因此要预防亚临床Clinical disease is a manifestation of a deficient state therefore, must prevent the sub-clinical持续一年Pasture top dressing牧草施肥 10gm/ha 10 gm/ha as selenate lasts 1 year添加剂Diet supplementation 0.10.3 mg/k