加拿大奶牛肉牛嗜血杆菌败血病

1、嗜血杆菌败血病Haemophilus Septicemia (Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis) ITEMEPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling 病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis睡眠嗜血杆菌G-球杆菌Haemophilus somnus gram-negative rod or coccobaccilli进入育肥圈后4-6周可败血症Septicemia seen in calves 4-6 weeks after entering a feedlot发病率

2、低，但死亡率高Low morbidity but high mortality通过呼吸道和生殖道分泌物接触传播Transmission by contact with respiratory or reproductive secretions危险因素Risk Factors秋、冬天气Fall & winter weather进入育肥圈的青年牛（4-12月龄）Young cattle (4-12 months) entering a feedlot在犊牛常有呼吸系统疾病的病史Often history of respiratory disease in the calves临床症状Clinic

3、al Findings呼吸系统型Respiratory form咳嗽，呼吸困难，胸膜炎，发烧Cough, dyspnea, pleuritis and fever 可导致CNS（中枢神经系统）型May lead to CNS formCNS型CNS form发烧，精神萎靡Fever, depression膝关节或足踝步履蹒跚， 发展到卧地不起Stumbling gait, knuckling at fetlock and progressing to recumbency可能失明，外耳炎，结膜炎May be blind, otitis externa and conjunctivitis卧地不

4、起的动物表现角弓反张，头倾斜，斜视，眼球震颤Recumbent animals exhibit opisthotonus, head tilt, strabismus and nystagmus发展到昏迷，1数日内死亡Progress to coma and die in 1 several days视网膜出血Retinal hemorrhage 关节败血型Septic Arthritis form常影响的关节是窒息（？）和肘关节Most common joints affected are stifle and elbow突然死亡型Sudden Death form尸体剖检，发现心肌栓塞性梗

5、死On post mortem, find embolic infarcts in heart muscle诊断Diagnosis临床症状和尸体剖检结果Clinical signs and post mortem results鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis脑灰质软化Polioencephalomalacia维生素A缺乏Vitamin A deficiency李斯特杆菌Listeriosis铅中毒Lead poisoning尿素中毒Urea poisoning狂犬病Rabies神经性球虫Nervous CoccidiosisD型产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌enterotoxaem

6、iaClostridium perfringens Type D enterotoxaemia其他原因引起的肺炎Other causes of Pneumonia实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology脑脊液中性粒细胞升高Cerebral Spinal Fluid elevated # of neutrophils组织学脑、脑干中多量坏死性梗死Histology multiple necrotic infarcts throughout brain & brain stem败血，脉管炎和血栓症状Signs of septicemia, vasculitis and t

7、hrombosis丝心蛋白化脓性支气管肺炎和心包炎Fibrino-purulent bronchopneumonia and pericarditis治疗Treatment有最初临床症状时用广谱抗生素Broad-spectrum antibiotics at first clinical signs静脉注射土霉素20 mg/kgOxytetracycline 20 mg/kg IV 泰妙卡星Micotil 预后情况Prognosis如果仍可行走时治疗效果良好If treated while still walking good response如果卧地不起预后不良If down - poor prognosis 后遗症Sequelae关节感染Joint infections貌似健康动物突然死亡Sudden death of healthy appearing animals预防Prevention & Control预防接种断乳前用少量 80%抗血清Vaccination program