高中英语 高三2022届术科生语法基础课名词 课件

1、深圳市教育科学研究院 2022 年3月深圳教育云资源平台深圳市教育科学研究院 2022 年3月2022届术科生英语复习课名词(Nouns)授课者：艾芬/深圳市华中师范大学龙岗附属中学学习目标01正确掌握可数名词和不可数名词的区别，名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化、派生名词的特点。02运用名词的基本规则解决学习难题。03自行总结名词的运用规则。学完本课，你可以：CORONAVIRUS冠状病毒？virus是单数还是复数？virus 单数形式viruses 复数形式，多种病毒其他情况用单数。和fish用法相同。 Last week, The Shenzhen Health Commission

2、said that everybody should take a necleic acid test(核酸检测） for novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒).Lets go! In front of me, man and woman are waiting in line.Which one is right? In front of me, a man and a woman are waiting in line.Tips1: 单数可数名词(S.N)用不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their/your，数词one等修饰，不可单独使用。一个老师 a teac

3、her 我的妈妈 my mother 一个学生 one studentScene1In an universtiy, we have waited for an hour.In a universtiy, we have waited for a hour.In a universtiy, we have waited for an hour.Tips2: 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前。 一个电脑a computer kmpjutr 一件制服a uniform junfrm an加在以元音音素开头的名词前。 一个橘子an orange rnd 一个小时a

4、n hour arWhich one is right?Scene2元音字母a,e,i,o，u中，a，e,i,o开头的单词用an修饰，u ju: 是例外。以u开头的单词，发/Ju:/用a修饰;发/用an修饰Exercise 1一个苹果_ apple 一个耳朵_ ear一英尺土地_ inch of land 一个海洋_ ocean一把伞_ umbrella mbrel一个独特的花瓶_ unique junik vase 一个有用的电脑_ useful jusfl computer一个丈夫_ husband hzbnd 一个英雄_ herohro 一个小时_ hour ar 一个诚实的女孩_ ho

5、nest nst girlananananaanaaaanan21个辅音字母中，h是特例A bottles of disinfectants is placed in a desk. A bottle of disinfectant is placed in a desk.Tips3: 不可数名词(UN )表数量用“数词+单位名词+of”用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，a great deal of修饰。 eg:一条建议/信息 一些建议/信息 a piece of advice/inormation some advice/infor

6、mation 取得一些进步 make much progress A bottle of disinfectants is placed in a desk.消毒液两条建议 two pieces of advicemake a progressWhich one is right?Scene3抽象名词具体化 What a surprise!Some volunteers are checking the health QR code.Some volunteer are checking the health QR code. Do you know the plural forms(复数形式

7、) of the noun?Which one is right?Scene4 Three_(doctor) wear_(mask).Can you describe the scene? Their _(watch) are in three _(box).Think and summarizeTips5: 复数名词以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es.eg: 灌木 bush 大众mass 狐狸fox 英寸inchTips4: 一般复数名词在名词后加s.doctorsmaskswatchesboxesbushesmassesfoxesinches特例：monarchs(君主) stomac

8、hs(胃) A doctor hold two_(knife) in the operation room.Can you describe the scene? There are some _(piano)for nurses to play. They are _(hero) for us.Tips5: 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es.改错：It was autumn and the leaf were yellow. 特例：roofroofs屋顶 beliefbeliefs信仰 chefchefs厨师 proofproofs证据Tips7:以o结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s

9、.eg: 土豆 potato 照片photo特例： volcanoes(火山) , echoes(回声), mosquitos(蚊子) knivesthe leaves were yellow. pianosheroespotatoesphotos With all kinds of appropriate _(policy), _(boy) and girls are saved from death.Tips8:辅音+y结尾，改y为i,再加es. eg: 苍蝇 fly-flies 元音+y结尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy-guys Tips9: man/woman修饰名词，双方都变复数

10、。Attention：girl/boy修饰名词，只将名词变为复数形式。eg: 男生志愿者们 boy volunteers 对比：men volunteers 女生舞者 girl dancers 对比:women dancersCan you describe the scene?policiesboysThey are grateful for the three _ _(man doctor) and several _ _(woman nurse).men doctorswomen nurses We _(grown-up) are moved by the music the nurse

11、 played. These _(son-in-law) rise to applaud their_(father-in-law) for what they do. Tips10: 一些合成名词中有中心词，s加在中心词上；无中心词，s加在合成词后面。一些常考的合成词: 过路者passers-by 旁观者 standers-by/lookers-on 成年人 grown-upsgrown-upssons-in-lawCan you describe the scene?fathers-in-law During the outbreak of COVID-19, We chinese are

12、 protected well by a group of lovely people.chinese/chinesespeople/peoples.Tips11: Chinese为单复数同行的名词， people为复数名词。常用的复数名词还有： police(警察)，cattle(牛群)常见的单复数同行的名词还有：Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)Can you describe the scene?Can you describe the scene?Why are they called the lovely people?Because of th

13、eir _(devote) and _(selfless) to work. devotionselflessnessTips12: 一些名词以-ion/-ness/-ment/-or/-er/ - ian/ -ist/-cy等结尾。 eg: existexistence存在What should we do?1. 戴口罩 wear_(mask)2. 勤洗手 wash your_(hand)3. 常通风 open your_(window)4. 勤消毒 Frequent _(disinfection)5. 不聚集 Dont go to crowded_(place)6. 多喝水 drink m

14、uch_(water)maskshandswindowsdisinfectionplaceswaterConsolidation1: Practice makes perfect! 1Cows have four _.What about _ and _？ Astomaches；mosquitos；monkeys Bstomachs；mosquitoes；monkeiesCstomachs；mosquitos；monkeys Dstomaches；mosquitoes；monkeies2He found a lot of _ were_.Apassersby； grownups Bpasser

15、bys； grownsupCpasserbys； grownups Dpassersby； grownsup3Two _teachers and four _students were praised at the meeting yesterdayAwomen； girl Bwoman； girlCwoman； girlsDwomen； girls4The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming new yearAmany preparations Bmuch preparationCpreparati

16、onDpreparations5I want some _ and _ in my roomAshelves； sofas Bshelfes； plantsCphotoes； shelvesDfurnitures； shelves6There were three _ eggs in the basketAdozenBdozensCdozens ofDdozened of7Were glad that the party turns out _ASuccess Ba successCto be succeedDsuccessful one8Hey， you cant enter Ladys R

17、oom. You two are _ .Aman workersBman worker Cmen workersDmen worker9It is that the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors.Aa pityBthe pityCpity DpitiesCAADACBCA10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny w

18、e _57_ (human) are.11. （2021年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _49_ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.12. （2021年全国乙卷）It often provides money for conservation and benefits the _62_(devel

19、op)of the local areas. 13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser performed their _38_ （marry）ceremony in 1842.14. (2020年，新高考全国卷) Historical 19. _(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.15. (2020年，全国卷I) The far side of the moon is of particular 24._ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of

20、deep craters (环形山)Consolidation2: Practice makes perfect!humanswatchtowersdevelopmentmarriageaccuracyinterestCan you make a summary by yourself?名词单复数不可数名词：（特征）可数名词:（单数）无复数；不可用a/an修饰名词；表具体数量用“数词+单位名词+of”eg: a piece of furniture two cups of tea表大概的量用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，a great

21、 deal ofeg: some advice/ a great deal of water抽象名词具体化eg: in surprise what a surprise!一般名词前加不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their，数词one等，不可单独使用。eg: a desk my computer three desks 注意：a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如a computer（一台电脑）。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前，如an orange（一个橘子）。 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。如a university/uniform, an hourSummary1.一般情

22、况下，词尾加-s。 bedbeds床 pagepages页2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es。 boxboxes盒子 watchwatches手表3.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es。 leafleaves树叶 knifeknives刀子 特例： roofroofs屋顶 beliefbeliefs信仰 chefchefs厨师 proofproofs证据 名词单复数 可数:单复规则变化4.以o结尾有生命，加s: kangaroos, bamboos, zoos, photos, pianos, studios无生命，加es: volcanoes, heroes, potatoe

23、s, tomatoes名词单复数 可数:单复规则变化5.以y结尾辅音字母+y结尾,y ies：strategystrategies, policypolicies元音字母+y结尾,y s：boyboys, guyguys,donkeydonkeys6.合成名称有中心词，s加在中心词上 father-in-lawfathers-in-law son-in-lawsons-in-law无中心词，s放在名词后 grown-upgrowns-up looker-onlookers-on“man/woman+中心词”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。 woman techerwomen techers man managermen managers名词单复数元音变化：toothteeth牙齿 manmen男人词尾变化：oxoxen牛 childchildren孩子单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series, works (由名词前的修饰词决定单复数)eg: All the means have been tried. Every mean has been tried.复数名词：clothes衣服 cattle牛群 people人们某国人（提示：表示“某国人”的名词