猪繁殖系统的疾病

1、Reproductive Diseasesof Swine猪 繁 殖 系 统 的 疾 病作者：Larry Firkins, DVM, MS, MBACollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院危害猪繁殖系统的主要疾病Major diseases affecting reproduction in swine细小病毒病 Parvovirus 伪狂犬病Pseudorabies猪繁殖和呼吸综合征（蓝耳病）PRRS钩端螺旋体病Leptospirosis日本乙型脑炎Japanese B Encephalitis 猪瘟Ho

2、g Cholera 流感Influenza布氏杆菌病BrucellosisPorcine Parvovirus猪细小病毒Common cause of reproductive failure 繁殖障碍的常见病因Worldwide and in most herds 世界范围内多数猪群都有发生90-100% of adults are positive 成年猪90-100% 为阳性。Clinical Signs 临床症状Depends on stage of pregnancy 怀孕的不同时期，症状不同70 days can have no effect on litter 70天以上感染-对

3、将出生的仔猪无影响Source of Transmission传染源Infected shedding females 受感染的排毒母猪Contaminated environment 被污染的环境virus remains infectious for up to 4 months 病毒保持感染性可达4个月Resistant to most disinfectants 对大多数消毒药有抵抗力Semen of infected boars 受感染公猪的精液Diagnosis of Parvovirus诊断Clinical signs 临床症状increase in females return

4、ing to estrus 再发情母猪的数量增加irregular estrus cycles 发情周期不规则failure to farrow 分娩障碍small litters 窝产仔数少mummies 木乃伊Laboratory Diagnosis实验室诊断FA test on mummies - best test 荧光抗体检测木乃伊最为有效Serology - prebreeeding and postbreeding samples 血清学检测配种前和配种后取样检测Active antibody titers are very high 主动抗体的滴度极高Vaccine titer

5、s are much lower 疫苗引起的抗体滴度相当低Prevention of Parvovirus细小病毒病的预防Vaccination 疫苗接种vaccinate gilts twice 30 days prior to breeding 配种前30天内给后备母猪接种2次疫苗revaccinate every 6 months 每6个月追加免疫1次vaccinate boars every 6 months 每6个月给公猪免疫1次Prevention of Parvovirus 细小病毒病的预防Feedback Protocol回喂程序For PRRS nave herds对于猪繁殖

6、和呼吸综合征饲喂给敏感猪群To promote protection against TGE, enteroviruses, parvovirus, rotovirus, and E. coli可用于抵抗传染性胃肠炎、肠病毒、细小病毒、轮状病毒和大肠杆菌Feedback program 回喂程序at least 3 weeks prior to introduction 至少在引入主猪群前3周Feedback Protocol回喂程序Retain viscera from one stillborn pig and one newly born weak pig per 10 head of

7、gilts 每10个新母猪群保留一个死产仔猪和新生弱仔的内脏Collect all mummies available on that day 收集分娩当天所有的木乃伊仔猪Feedback Protocol回喂程序Collect cup of manure from breeding herd per gilt to be fed back从繁殖群每头新母猪收集半杯粪便以供回喂Mix material in equal parts of cold water将收集的粪便与同量冷水混合Feed 500 ml(2 cups) per gilt, twice per week for 2 weeks

8、 beginning in late development从发育期后期开始对每头新母猪喂二杯，每周喂二次，共喂二周Pseudorabies伪狂犬病Affects on pigs depends on age of pigs 对猪的危害取决于猪龄大小Infection reduces profitability of farm 减少猪场利润Highly contagious disease 高度传染性疾病Spread primarily by pig to pig contact 主要以猪不同个体之间的接触而传播Domestic and wild animals are susceptible

9、 家猪及野猪均易感Cause of Pseudorabies 伪狂犬病的病因A herpes virus 一种疱疹病毒Virus does not survive over 2 weeks in environment: except in cold conditions病毒在环境中存活不超过2周，寒冷除外Drying, sunlight, and most disinfectants destroy the virus 干燥，阳光和多数消毒药均能杀死病毒Transmission of Virus 传播 Infected feeder pigs and breeding stock感染的架子猪

10、和种猪Latency problems 潜伏期问题Saliva and nasal secretions 唾液和鼻腔分泌物Aborted fetuses and infected piglets 流产的死胎和受感染的仔猪Aerosol, equipment, clothing and boots空气,设备,衣物和鞋Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies伪狂犬病的临床症状Age dependent 取决于年龄Less than 3 weeks of age小于3周龄感染death 死亡tremors and incoordination 振颤和共济失调paddling an

11、d convulsions 四肢划船运动和痉挛Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies伪狂犬病的临床症状Post-weaning to market weight pigs 断奶至上市之间的猪respiratory signs: coughing and sneezing 呼吸道症状: 咳嗽和喷嚏anorexia, high fevers, labored breathing 厌食, 高热, 呼吸困难tremors and incoordination 振颤和共济失调The younger the pig when infected, the higher the deat

12、h loss 猪龄越小，感染后死亡越高Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies伪狂犬病的临床症状Breeding herd 种猪群can result in respiratory signs 引起呼吸道症状reproductive signs 生殖系统症状abortions, stillborns, weak pigs 流产, 死胎, 弱仔return to estrus and infertility 再发情和 不孕Diagnosis of Pseudorabies伪狂犬病的诊断Clinical signs that are age-dependent 年龄不同，临床症

13、状表现也不同Pseudorabies in the area 本地区的发生情况Laboratory Diagnosis 实验室诊断Virus Isolation 病毒分离brain, tonsils, liver, spleen, lungs 脑, 扁桃体, 肝, 脾, 肺Serological testing 血清学检测fluorescent antibody test, serum neutralization, ELISA 荧光抗体试验，血清中和试验，酶联免疫吸附试验takes 7 days for antibodies to develop 产生抗体需7天Treating Pseudo

14、rabies 伪狂犬病的治疗No effective treatment once outbreak has occurred 一旦爆发，无有效治疗方法Isolate infected pigs once diagnosed 确诊后隔离感染猪Immediate implementation of vaccination may lessen affects 马上免疫接种可减少损失Preventing Pseudorabies伪狂犬病的预防Proper isolation of replacements and testing prior to introduction to herd 适当隔离

15、后备猪并在引入猪群前进行检测Vaccinate breeding stock 免疫种猪群Vaccinate pigs at 8 weeks of age 对8周龄仔猪进行免疫接种Biosecurity 生物安全措施PRRS 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征Reproductive failure 生殖障碍Respiratory problems 呼吸道病Worldwide disease problem 世界性问题Perhaps the most economically costly disease in swine today 可能是当今养猪业损失最大的疾病之一PRRS Virus猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒

16、Pigs with high-test results can still be actively shedding the virus 抗体强阳性的猪仍能活跃地排泄病毒Numerous strains of PRRS virus 有许多种病毒株 Extreme variation in clinical signs on farms 猪场临床症状极其多变Respiratory Failure 呼吸症状Sows and gilts 母猪和小母猪depression 萎靡lethargy 昏睡anorexia 厌食fever 发热respiratory distress 呼吸困难Reproduc

17、tive Failure 繁殖障碍Late-term abortions/farrowing early 晚期流产或早产Increase in stillbirths, mummified fetuses, and weak newborns 死胎，木乃伊胎和弱仔数增加Increased Preweaning Mortality断奶前仔猪死亡率增加Weakborn pigs die within 24 hours 弱仔在产后24小时内死亡Normal appearing pigs can develop difficulty in breathing 表现正常的仔猪可能发生呼吸困难Can de

18、velop diarrhea 发生下痢Death loss increases 死亡损失增加Diagnosis of PRRS诊断History of reproductive problems 生殖系统病史abortions, stillborns, weak piglets 流产，死胎，弱仔Increased preweaning mortality 断奶前的仔猪死亡率增加Respiratory outbreaks 呼吸道病爆发Diagnosis of PRRS诊断Generalized increase in the size of lymph nodes 淋巴结普遍肿大Pneumoni

19、c lesions in nursery pigs 保育仔猪发生肺炎病变No specific necropsy lesions 无特异性剖检病变 Laboratory Diagnostics实验室诊断Virus isolation 病毒分离serum of weakborn pigs 弱仔的血清tissues of sick pigs 病猪的组织Serology 血清学ELISA, SN, IFA, PCRTransmission of PRRS Virus病毒的传播Pig to pig is most common method 猪只间直接传播最为普遍introduction of inf

20、ected shedding pigs 引进排毒的猪stressed negative carrier pigs 受应激的阴性带毒猪Airborne transmission 空气传播Boar semen 公猪精液Source of Viral Transmission传染源Replacement breeding animals 后备种猪Sows at farrowing 分娩母猪Nursery pigs 保育期仔猪Boars shedding intermittently 间断性排毒的公猪PRRS Control 控制Must stabilize the breeding herd 一定要

21、稳定种猪群vaccination 免疫接种natural exposure 自然接触免疫target replacement animals 注重后备猪的预防close herd to replacement introductionsTransmission from sow to piglet must be controlled 必须控制从母猪到仔猪的传播PRRS Vaccine Use 疫苗的应用Use to attempt to stabilize a herd produces variable results 用于稳定变异大的猪群Use for introducing repla

22、cement animals into a positive herd 用于进入阳性猪群的后备种猪Change needle oftenVaccination Programs 免疫程序There is no perfect vaccination program无完善的免疫程序Numerous recommended protocols 推荐的免疫方案有多种Modified vs. killed vaccines 弱毒苗 对 死苗Modified-live PRRS Vaccines 弱毒苗Replicate in the body 在体内繁殖Better efficacy? 临床效果更好吗

23、？Shedding concerns 担心排毒Transmission concerns 担心传播本病Killed PRRS Vaccines 死苗Does not replicate in the body 在体内不繁殖No shedding concerns 不会排毒Will they generate adequate immunity? 但是否能产生足够的免疫？Stopping the spread of virus in farrowing facility 阻止病毒在产仔舍中的传播Cross foster only during the first 24 hours of life

24、 仅在仔猪出生后24小时内交叉寄养Prevent the movement of pigs and sows between rooms 防止肉猪和母猪在猪舍间走动Humanely destroy sick piglets that are unlikely to recover 人道地淘汰康复无望的仔猪Minimize injections to nursing piglets 减少保育期仔猪的注射机会Replacement Animals 后备猪Proper isolation and acclimation 适当地隔离和适应新环境Ideally off-site 理想的隔离点Can work on same location 可在同一地区进行Separate buildings 隔离建筑物Separate clothing and boots 隔离衣物和鞋Isolation/acclimation Program 隔离/新环境适应程序One possible plan for positive herds 一个阳性猪群的可行计划day 1 vaccinate for PRRS and others 第1天，免疫PRRS和其它疾病revaccinate in 21-30 days 第21-30天重复免疫expose to young culls or