奶牛繁殖障碍

1、奶牛繁殖障碍Reproductive Failure in the Dairy CowPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt 引起奶牛繁殖障碍的几个因素Contributing Factors to Reproductive Failure奶牛营养 Nutrition产后感染Post-partum infections传染性疾病Contagious Disease乏情Anestrus/Cyclic Irregularities久配不孕Repeat Breeders冻精质量低下Poor Semen Quality or Storage营养Nutrition干奶期营养好坏影响下一个

2、泌乳期的产量高低What happens now affects how the cow performs during the next lactation体膘膘度评分（BCS）应达到3.75 BCS should increase to 3.75泌乳期Lactation能量(1 kg 精料/3 kg牛奶) Energy (1 kg of concentrate/3 kg milk)磷PPhosphorus微量元素Trace minerals营养性疾病Nutritional Disease产后瘫痪Milk Fever临床性Clinical隐性Sub-clinical真胃移位Left Disp

3、laced Abomasum消化不良Digestive upsets酸中毒Acidosis酮病Ketosis原发性Primary继发性Secondary产后感染Post-Partum Infections难产Dystocia胎衣不下Retained Placenta子宫炎Metritis子宫脓Pyometra难产Dystocia难产第一或第二阶段延长或缺少 Dystocia 1st or 2nd stages of parturition are prolonged or absent第一阶段 正常情况下6小时Stage1 normal under 6 hrs奶牛烦燥不安Cow is rest

4、less子宫开始开张Cervix beginning to dilate第二阶段 正常情况下2小时Stage 2 normal under 2 hours产犊Delivery of calf第三阶段 正常情况下8小时Stage 3 normal under 8 hrs排出胎衣Expulsion of fetal membranes如果第一或第二阶段延长则需要进行检查Indication to examine is if Stage 1 or 2 is prolonged阴户清洗消毒Clean and disinfect perineum带上手套Wear plastic sleeves使用润滑剂

5、Use lots of lubrication确定姿势及是否还活着Determine presentation, position and viability of fetus采取措施进行校正Take steps to correct situation胎衣不下/子宫炎Retained Placenta/Metritis产后18 小时胎衣仍然不下Placenta remained for at least 18 hours post calving胎衣不下但不发生子宫炎RP with no Metritis稍微处理一下Minimal treatment胎衣不下并发生子宫炎RP with Met

6、ritis冲洗并注射抗生素Infuse and systemic antibiotics胎衣不下但并发生脓毒性子宫炎RP with Metritis and SepticemiaLavage uterus, systemic antibiotics, fluids and anti inflammatory drugs子宫脓Pyometra没有怀孕征状No positive signs of pregnancy子宫脓液积累Accumulation of pus in the uterus奶牛没有其它疾病Cow is not sick持久黄体Persistent corpus luteum注射P

7、G Treat with prostaglandin injection30天以后再配种Wait 30 days for breeding乏情原因Causes of Anestrus没有发情Lack of Estrus 怀孕Pregnancy发情观察不准 Poor heat detectionOn rectal exam, functional structures on ovary子宫脓 Pyometra Vaginal discharge, fluid in uterus and corpus luteum on ovary注射PG Treat prostaglandin胎儿木乃伊 Fet

8、al Mummification Cow fails to calve and on rectal palpation, feel bones and no fluid注射PG Treat prostaglandin异性双胞母犊的性缺陷 Freemartin黄体囊肿 Luteal cysts On rectal exam, single enlarged structure on ovary 注射PG Treat with prostaglandin卵泡囊肿 Follicular cystOn rectal exam, thin walled and may be multiple促性腺释放激

9、素 Treat GnRH followed by Prostaglandin in 9 days真乏情True anestrusOn rectal exam, no functional ovarian structures奶牛营养不良Malnutrition - BCS热应激Heat stressChronic disease feet, Johnes Disease 久配不孕Repeat Breeders连续配种三次以上而没有怀孕Bred during 3 or more successive heats without Pregnancy 非感染因素引起的Non-Infectious发情

10、观察不准/人工授精时间不当Heat detection/Timing of AI人工授精技术差Poor AI technique奶牛营养不良Malnutrition热应激Heat stress卵泡囊肿Follicular cysts传染性Infectious卵巢疾病Ovarobursal Disease输卵管炎Salpingitis子宫内膜炎Endometritis inflammation of lining of uterus注射PG后的30天内禁止交配Treat Prostaglandin and sexually rest for 30 days流产Abortion弯曲杆菌病Campylobacteriosis阴道滴虫病Trichomoniasis布氏杆菌病Brucellosis钩端螺旋体Leptospirosis牛传染性鼻气管炎IBR牛病毒性腹泻BVD原虫性流产Neospora繁殖性能低下可能由许多因素引起的Poor Reproductive Performance can be caused by a combination of many factors 营养不良Poor Nutrition卫生不