加拿大奶牛肉牛口蹄疫

1、口蹄疫Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD)Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis小核糖核酸病毒7个血清型，抗原有差异Picornavirus - 7 major serotypes antigenically different and varying in virulence国际兽医组织列为A类传染病OIE Reportable Disease Level A偶蹄兽的高度、接触性、急性传染病Highly contagious acute disease of cloven-hoofed animals 口

2、腔粘膜、乳头、蹄冠部皮肤有水疱Vesicular eruptions on the oral mucosa, teat and coronet of hooves高发病率，成年动物低死亡率，幼畜达20 %High morbidity but low mortality in adults (up to 20 % in calves)通过吸入或摄入分泌物、肉、污染物或直接接触而传播Transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of virus from secretions, on fomites, meat or by direct contact泔水喂猪在病毒

3、传播中起重要作用Swill feeding of swine is an important method of transmission of the virus 危险因素Risk Factors病毒对不利环境有较强抵抗力Virus very resistant to adverse environmental conditions 非免疫群Nave, non-vaccinated population猪为放大器，羊为储存器，牛为反应器Swine act as replicator species, sheep as often non-apparent carrier and cattle

4、 express the disease临床症状Clinical Findings猪牛羊山羊多见，马不感染Disease seen in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats but not horses牛的病情较重，症状明显Signs most severe in cattle在牛上潜伏期为3-6天In cattle, the incubation period is 3-6 days高热High fever奶产量急剧下降Dramatic loss of milk production急性疼痛性口腔炎Acute painful stomatitis萎靡和食欲下降Depr

5、essed and anorexic口腔、舌头、牙龈、蹄冠部、蹄叉间、乳头、乳房上可见有浆液性水疱Vesicles and bullae containing clear serous fluid found in mouth, on tongue, dental pad, hoof coronet, interdigital space, teats and udder急性跛行，体重、奶产量下降Acute lameness, weight loss and milk loss一周内受损皮肤愈合Lesions heal quickly, usually within a week诊断Diagn

6、osis临床症状，实验室诊断有保证性Clinical signs, quarantine and laboratory confirmation鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis水疱性口腔炎Vesicular stomatitis牛病毒性腹泻BVD牛流行性口炎Bovine papular stomatitis牛瘟Rinderpest传染性鼻支气管炎IBRPeste Des Petits Ruminants sheep & goats蓝舌病Bluetongue sheep羊腐蹄病Sheep foot rot 后遗症 Sequelae丧失出口市场Loss of export ma

7、rkets由于心肌炎，犊牛死亡率高High mortality in calves due to myocarditis流产Abortion乳腺炎Mastitis 实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology从水疱中分离病毒，鉴别引起水疱的其它病毒Isolate virus from vesicular fluid and differentiate from other vesicular causing virusesELISA和间接ELISA 法ELISA and indirect ELISA治疗Treatment无口蹄疫国家消灭感染动物FMD free count

8、ries destroy infected animals流行国家使用支持治疗法Endemic disease countries can use supportive treatments广谱抗菌素Broad-spectrum antibioticsNSAID补液Fluids预防Prevention & Control普遍免疫接种直至发病率低以及消灭Extensive vaccination program until incidence is low then eradicate成乳牛一年一次，青年牛一年两次免疫接种Yearly vaccination of adults and bi-a

9、nnual vaccination of young stock三价死苗Trivalent killed vaccine高发病地区用灭活兔化疫苗Attenuated lapinized live vaccines in countries with high incidence消 灭 Eradication杀死缓冲区内的病牛、接触动物、相关动物Clinical cases, in contact animals and animals within the buffer zone are all killed and burned确保牧场在爆发区特异半径内Quarantine all farms within a specified radius of the outbreak停止所有家畜的移动Stop the movement of all livestock制定严格的生物安全防治措施Institute strict Biosecurity measures疫苗接种有助于控制疾病爆发A vaccination program may be utilized to aid in the control of an ou